Self-Objectification and Disordered Eating: the Role of Fathers

The purpose of the current study was to examine the links between disordered eating and body/weight related comments and messages from fathers through the lens of objectification theory (Fredrickson & Roberts, 1997). The specific role of fathers in shaping their daughter’s disordered eating behaviors has not been examined sufficiently. I hypothesized that self-objectification would be associated with messages from fathers about dieting and appearance. I also hypothesized that the relationship between fathers’ messages and their daughter’s disordered eating behaviors would be mediated by self-objectification. Participants completed an online survey which measured perceived messages/pressures from fathers, self-objectification, and disordered eating behaviors. Results of path analyses using PROCESS MACRO supported the hypotheses. This finding suggested that fathers influence their daughters’ disordered eating through appearance and eating related comments that increase self-objectification. Suggestions for interventions addressing the perpetuation of and impact of objectifying messages are given

Static and dynamic friction in sliding colloidal monolayers

In a pioneer experiment, Bohlein et al. realized the controlled sliding of two-dimensional colloidal crystals over laser-generated periodic or quasi-periodic potentials. Here we present realistic simulations and arguments which besides reproducing the main experimentally observed features, give a first theoretical demonstration of the potential impact of colloid sliding in nanotribology. The free motion of solitons and antisolitons in the sliding of hard incommensurate crystals is contrasted with the soliton-antisoliton pair nucleation at the large static friction threshold Fs when the two lattices are commensurate and pinned. The frictional work directly extracted from particles' velocities can be analysed as a function of classic tribological parameters, including speed, spacing and amplitude of the periodic potential (representing respectively the mismatch of the sliding interface, and the corrugation, or "load"). These and other features suggestive of further experiments and insights promote colloid sliding to a novel friction study instrument.Comment: in print in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences U.S.A. This v2 is identical to v1, but includes ancillary material. A few figures were undersampled due to size limits: those in v1 are far sharpe

First Gale Western Butte Capping-Unit Compositions, and Relationships to Earlier Units Along Curiosity's Traverse

The Curiosity rover has been traversing through the clay-bearing unit (Glen Torridon; GT), approaching Greenheugh pediment, a large, fan-shaped surface surrounding the mouth of Gediz Vallis on the lower slope of Mt. Sharp. The pediment unconformably overlies the underlying bedrock, and is hence younger than units of the Mt. Sharp group. Orbital imaging of the pediment has shown it to have a slightly lower albedo and higher thermal inertia than neighboring units, to be relatively retentive of craters (e.g., erosion resistant), and to exhibit curved bedforms suggestive of lithified eolian bedforms. No diagnostic spectral signature has been observed from orbit. Recent rover positions allowed remote imaging of the contact between Greenheugh pediment and the eroded Murray formation strata below it, showing that the pediment capping material is cross-bedded and relatively thin (1-3 m), and suggesting that the pediment may have been much larger at one time. As Curiosity approached the edge of the pediment, the team investigated two buttes named Central and Western. The latter butte contains dark capping material that initially looked similar to the pediment cap, but close inspection revealed important physical differences. Here we report on compositions from ChemCam of two float rocks that appear to have rolled down from the capping unit, and on potential relation-ships to other targets along the traverse of the rover

Optimization of a Micromixer with Automatic Differentiation

As micromixers offer the cheap and simple mixing of fluids and suspensions, they have become a key device in microfluidics. Their mixing performance can be significantly increased by periodically varying the inlet pressure, which leads to a non-static flow and improved mixing process. In this work, a micromixer with a T-junction and a meandering channel is considered. A periodic pulse function for the inlet pressure is numerically optimized with regard to frequency, amplitude and shape. Thereunto, fluid flow and adsorptive concentration are simulated three-dimensionally with a lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) in OpenLB. Its implementation is then combined with forward automatic differentiation (AD), which allows for the generic application of fast gradient-based optimization schemes. The mixing quality is shown to be increased by 21.4% in comparison to the static, passive regime. Methodically, the results confirm the suitability of the combination of LBM and AD to solve process-scale optimization problems and the improved accuracy of AD over difference quotient approaches in this context

Apatites in Gale Crater

ChemCam is an active remote sensing instrument suite that has operated successfully on MSL since landing Aug. 6th, 2012. It uses laser pulses to remove dust and to analyze rocks up to 7 m away. Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) obtains emission spectra of materials ablated from the samples in electronically excited states. The intensities of the emission lines scale with the abundances of the related element. ChemCam is sensitive to most major rock-forming elements as well as to a set of minor and trace elements such as F, Cl, Li, P, Sr, Ba, and Rb. The measured chemical composition can then be used to infer the mineralogical composition of the ablated material. Here, we report a summary of inferred apatite detections along the MSL traverse at Gale Crater. We present the geologic settings of these findings and derive some interpretations about the formation conditions of apatite in time and space