Numerický výpočet posledního stupně a difuzoru experimentální parní turbíny T10MW

This master thesis deals with the modeling of the complete flow of steam turbine stage. The introduction presents a summary of information about the company Doosan Škoda Power. Next chapters are devoted to the distribution of steam turbines and their working process. Last chapter of theory deals with the theory of flow. The practical part is focused on the design geometry inverse model steam round blades in Autodesk Inventor, design of mesh in ANSYS Meshing and 3D numerical calculation of the turbine stage in ANSYS Fluent 19.1. It also has setting of CFD solver, calculation for at least two operational regimes with boundary conditions set on the base of experimental measurement. Data postprocessing, comparison between measured and calculated data, determination of stage flow parameters, losses and outlet flow fields.Diplomová práce se zabývá problematikou modelování proudění páry kompletním turbínovým stupněm. V úvodu je prezentován souhrn informací o společnosti Doosan Škoda Power. Další kapitoly se věnují rozdělení parních turbín a jejich pracovnímu procesu. Poslední kapitola teoretické části se zabývá teorií proudění. Praktická část se věnuje návrhu geometrie inverzního modelu páry v Autodesk Inventoru, tvorbě výpočetní sítě v ANSYS Meshing a 3D numerickému výpočtu turbínového stupně v ANSYS Fluent 19.1. V diplomové práci jsou také uvedeny nastavení CFD řešiče a výpočet pro nejméně dva provozní režimy s okrajovými podmínkami stanovenými na základě experimentálního měření. Následné zpracování dat, porovnání naměřených a vypočtených dat, stanovení fázových průtokových parametrů, ztrát a výstupních tokových polí.361 - Katedra energetikyvýborn

PRODUÇÃO E COMERCIALIZAÇÃO DA CASTANHA DO BRASIL (BERTHOLLETIA EXCELSA, H.B.K) NO ESTADO DO ACRE- BRASIL, 1998-2006.

A castanha do brasil (Bertholletia excelsa, H.B.K.), é uma planta nativa da Amazônia, sendo uma das mais importantes espécies de exploração extrativista. Suas amêndoas apresentam alto valor econômico, tornando-se uma das principais atividades econômicas na região amazônica. O presente estudo teve como objetivo fazer um levantamento da produção e comercialização da castanha-do-brasil no Estado do Acre, n o período de 1998 a 2006. Os Estados do Acre, Amazonas e Pará detêm 80,7% da produção nacional, representando cerca de R$30 milhões na economia local, com impactos diretos na vida de comunidades extrativistas. No Estado do Acre, os maiores produtores de castanha do brasil são os municípios de Rio Branco, Xapuri, Brasiléia e Sena Madureira, localizados nas regionais do Alto e Baixo Acre, sendo responsáveis por quase toda a produção do Estado, cuja média entre os anos de 1998 a 2006 foi de 2.866,5 t e 2.547,5 t, respectivamente. A comercialização da castanha do brasil é feita através de associações e cooperativas, responsáveis pela compra da produção agroextrativista. Outro agente importante, no sistema econômico extrativista, é o intermediário, caracterizado por obter altas taxas de lucro geradas pelo preço pago pelas castanhas que adquire. A transformação da matéria-prima em bens de consumo é feita pela agroindústria acreana, por um processo automatizado, onde os níveis tecnológicos adotados foram responsáveis pela melhoria na qualidade do produto final. O preço comercializado no Estado, até 1998, era de R$ 1.90 a R$2.50 por lata (equivalente a 10 kg de amêndoas). Já em 2006, o valor da lata foi comercializado a R$ 15.00. A cerificação da castanha, da usina e mini usinas, ainda é o fator limitante enfrentado pelas cooperativas acreanas para a exportação da produção. Quanto à contaminação por aflatoxina, as cooperativas obtiveram índice zero na presença da toxina nas amêndoas, através das boas práticas de fabricação e assistência técnica da usina e mini usinas.-----------------------------------------------The brazilian nut (Bertholletia excelsa .H.B.K.), is a plant native of the Amazon, one of the most important species of extractive exploitation. His almonds have high economic value, becoming one of the main economic activities in the Amazon region. This study aimed to make a survey of the production and marketing of the brazilian nut in the state of Acre, the period 1998 to 2006. The states of Acre, Amazonas and Para hold 80.7% of national production, representing about R$30 million in the local economy, with direct impacts on the lives of communities extractive. In the state of Acre, the largest producer of the brazilian nut are the municipalities of Rio Branco, Xapuri, Brasileia and Sena Madureira, located in the Upper and Lower Acre regional, being responsible for almost all production of the state, which average between the years 1998 to 2006 was 2.866,5 t and 2.547,5 t, respectively. The marketing of the brazilian nut is made of associations and cooperatives, responsible for the purchase of production agriextractive. Another important agent in the extractive economic system is the intermediary, characterized by obtaining high rates of profit generated by the price paid for the nuts buy. The transformation of raw materials into consumer goods is made by the agribusiness acreana by an automated process, where the technological levels adopted were responsible for the improvement in the quality of the final product. The price marketed in the state, until 1998, was R$ 1.90 to R$2.50 per tin (equivalent to 10 kg of almonds). Already in 2006, the value of the tin was traded to R$ 15.00. The cerificação of the brazilian nut, plant and small-plants, it is still the limiting factor faced by the cooperatives acreanas for export production. As to contamination by aflatoxin, cooperatives index gained zero in the presence of the toxin in almonds, through good manufacturing practices, and technical assistance to plant and small-plants.castanha do brasil, extrativismo, comercialização, brazilian nut, extractive, marketing, Crop Production/Industries, Marketing,

GERMINAÇÃO DE SEMENTES E EMERGÊNCIA DE PLÂNTULAS DE FAVEIRA (Clitoria fairchildiana R. A. Howard. - FABACEAE)

Clitoria fairchildiana R.A. Howard is a species from the Amazon region with a good potential for the afforestation and restoration of degraded areas.  But, information concerning germination and seedling emergence of C. fairchildiana seeds are scarce.  The objective of this work was thus to determine the cardinal temperatures and the most adequate substratum for the evaluation of those seeds as well as to evaluate the effects of sowing depth on seedling emergence.  The temperatures to which the seeds were subjected were of 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, and 45 °C under a photoperiod of 12 hours.  The results were expressed in percentage of seeds with protruding primary root and percentage of normal seedlings.  The substrata were PlantmaxR, vermiculite, sand, and paper under a constant temperature of 30 °C and a photoperiod of 12 hours.  Seedling emergence was determined in PlantmaxR and vermiculite under a 50% shading in a green house.  The optimum temperature was found between 25 and 35 °C.  Seed germination did not differ for PlantmaxR, vermiculite, sand, and paper.  Sowing depths larger than 2 cm were found inadequate for seedling emergence.Keywords: substrate; temperature; depth of sowing; Leguminosae.Clitoria fairchildiana R.A. Howard, conhecida como faveira, é uma espécie amazônica usada na arborização e na recuperação de áreas degradadas. Todavia, as informações sobre a germinação de sementese emergência de plântulas de faveira são escassas. Desta forma, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi determinar as temperaturas cardeais e o substrato mais adequado para germinação de sementes, assim como, avaliar a influência da profundidade de semeadura na emergência de plântulas de faveira. Para avaliar a temperatura, as sementes foram colocadas em caixas plásticas sobre papel, mantidas em germinadores nas temperaturas constantes de 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40 e 45 ºC e com fotoperíodo de 12 horas. Posteriormente, avaliadas por dois critérios de germinação, protrusão da raiz primária e plântula normal. Para avaliar o substrato, as sementes foram colocadas em caixas de plástico sobre PlantmaxR, vermiculita, areia e papel, mantidas em germinadores a 30 oC e com fotoperíodo de 12 horas.Para emergência, foram utilizadas bandejas de plástico contento PlantmaxR e vermiculita, sobre sombreamento de 50% em casa de vegetação. A faixa temperatura ótima de germinação das sementes de faveira é de 25 a 30ºC. A germinação de sementes de faveira foi semelhante estatisticamente em PlantmaxR, vermiculite, areia e papel. Profundidades iguais ou superiores a 2 cm são inadequadas para a emergência de plântulas de faveira.Palavras-chave: substrato, temperatura, profundidade de semeadura. Leguminosae

Occurrence of Multi-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Artisan Goat Coalho Cheese in Northeastern Brazil

Background: The artisanal goat coalho cheese is one of the products obtained that stand out in 11 the dairy goat farming of the Northeast of Brazil. Despite its importance, goat cheese is often 12 made under inadequate hygienic-sanitary conditions and usually uses raw goat's milk, 13 increasing the risk of product contamination. Among the pathogens carried by goat coalho 14 cheese, Staphylococcus aureus stands out, being responsible for cases of food poisoning and 15 persistent infections that are difficult to treat. This study aimed to evaluate the contamination, 16 genotypic and phenotypic resistance of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from artisanal coalho 17 cheese made with goat milk produced in the Northeast region of Brazil.Materials, Methods & Results: This study analyzed only artisanal coalho cheeses made with  raw goat's milk and purchased directly from farms. Twelve samples of artisanal coalho cheeses  made with raw goat's milk were collected (1 sample per property) in 8 municipalities in the  state of Pernambuco, Northeast region of Brazil. For microbiological analysis of enumeration  of Colony Forming Units (CFU/g) of Staphylococcus spp. the methodology recommended by the International Organization for Standardization (2019) and recognized by the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Supply was used. After enumeration, 5 colonies were selected per enumerated plate, a total of 180 Staphylococcus spp. was obtained. These were subjected to thermal extraction of genetic material to search for the nuc gene by Polymerase Chain Reaction, the isolates carrying the nuc gene were subjected to genotypic and phenotypic evaluation of  antimicrobial resistance. After the phenotypic analysis, the Multiple Antimicrobial Resistance Index was evaluated. In all samples, Staphylococcus spp. and were considered unfit for consumption, with the lowest count being 9.4x103 CFU/g and the highest 6.4x106 CFU /g. Of the 180 isolates, 28.34% (51/180) were positive for the detection of the nuc gene. All resistance  genes except mecA, mecC, and norB were detected. Of the 51 S. aureus isolates, 31.37% (16/51) were considered multi-resistant and presented a Multiple Antimicrobial Resistance Index above 0.2.Discussion: After microbiological analysis it was found that all samples of coalho cheese were out of standards and unfit for human consumption in accordance with Ordinance n° 146/1996 of the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Supply of Brazil. Furthermore, the contamination of goat coalho cheeses is a risk to public health. During sample collection were found inadequate hygiene conditions in the environment used for cheese production. The presence of Staphylococcus aureus can be attributed to hygienic-sanitary failures in cheese production. From a health point of view, it is even more alarming when it comes to S. aureus carrying resistance genes. Although the 51 S. aureus isolates did not carry the mecA, mecC, norB genes and did not show phenotypic resistance to cefoxitin and oxacillin, all other genes were detected, indicating the circulation of S. aureus carrying the tet(L) genes, tet(M), tet-38, msrA, norA, and norC, which so far had not been reported in the production chain of goat coalho cheese in Brazil. Furthermore, the evaluation of the Multiple Antimicrobial Resistance Index identified the occurrence of multiple resistance to antimicrobials in 31.37% (16/51) of S. aureus at high risk to human health. The results obtained are quite worrying and serve as a warning to the scientific community and the Food Safety and Hygiene Inspection Services.Keywords: goat cheese, contamination, resistance, one healt

Problemas de Historiografia Helenística

Some of the texts gathered in this book were produced for the international event "Hellenistic Historiography: new theoretical-methodological approaches", held at DLCV / FFLCH / USP and MAE / USP between September 15 and 16, 2016. Both the event and the book problematize by their formats, the very notion of "Hellenism" in which they are based: both take it in the broad chronological sense as proposed by Droysen in the Vorrede of 1836, that is, a period of antiquity which would extend approximately from the death of Alexander in 323 BC until the founding of Constantinople in 330 BC

Association Between Recent Cannabis Consumption and Withdrawal-Related Symptoms During Early Abstinence Among Females With Smoked Cocaine Use Disorder

BACKGROUND The effects of cannabis on clinical outcomes of treatment services for other drug use disorders remains unclear. The primary aim of the current study was to investigate the effects of recent cannabis consumption on the severity of cocaine withdrawal and depressive symptoms during a 3-week inpatient treatment program for women with cocaine use disorder. The second goal of this study was to test the effect of recent alcohol or tobacco use on the aforementioned outcomes. METHODS This was a longitudinal study with 2 assessment time points: at enrollment and upon discharge from a medically managed intensive inpatient unit. The sample was composed of 214 early abstinence females with cocaine use disorder. Cocaine withdrawal and depressive symptoms were measured using the Cocaine Selective Severity Assessment (CSSA) and the Beck Depressive Inventory (BDI-II). Recent substance use was evaluated using the Addiction Severity Index (ASI-6). RESULTS Patients with cocaine use disorder and with frequent recent cannabis use reported higher severity of cocaine withdrawal and depressive symptoms after 3 weeks of inpatient treatment. Neither recent alcohol nor tobacco use was associated with increased CSSA or BDI outcomes, suggesting these substances play a minor role compared to recent cannabis use in affecting withdrawal-related symptoms. CONCLUSIONS The assessment of recent cannabis use may help identify patients in need of additional treatment to manage severe cocaine withdrawal symptoms and depressive symptoms during early abstinence

Coevolution between flight morphology, vertical stratification and sexual dimorphism: what can we learn from tropical butterflies?

Occurrence patterns are partly shaped by the affinity of species with habitat conditions. For winged organisms, flight-related attributes are vital for ecological performance. However, due to the different reproductive roles of each sex, we expect divergence in flight energy budget, and consequently different selection responses between sexes. We used tropical frugivorous butterflies as models to investigate coevolution between flight morphology, sex dimorphism and vertical stratification. We studied 94 species of Amazonian fruit-feeding butterflies sampled in seven sites across 3341 ha. We used wing–thorax ratio as a proxy for flight capacity and hierarchical Bayesian modelling to estimate stratum preference. We detected a strong phylogenetic signal in wing–thorax ratio in both sexes. Stouter fast-flying species preferred the canopy, whereas more slender slow-flying species preferred the understorey. However, this relationship was stronger in females than in males, suggesting that female phenotype associates more intimately with habitat conditions. Within species, males were stouter than females and sexual dimorphism was sharper in understorey species. Because trait–habitat relationships were independent from phylogeny, the matching between flight morphology and stratum preference is more likely to reflect adaptive radiation than shared ancestry. This study sheds light on the impact of flight and sexual dimorphism on the evolution and ecological adaptation of flying organisms. © 2017 European Society For Evolutionary Biology. Journal of Evolutionary Biology © 2017 European Society For Evolutionary Biolog