What’s Your CQ? A Framework to Assess and Develop Individual Student Cultural Intelligence

This article’s goal is to provide suggestions for teaching students about culture and cultural intelligence. This article pursues this goal by first exploring and defining culture and presenting the nuances and challenges of teaching students about culture in an environment supportive of multiple cultures (e.g., national, regional, local, corporate, etc.). Finally, the article concludes with a discussion of a cultural intelligence development process consisting of a cultural intelligence pre assessment and feedback, cultural intelligence transformation activities, and a cultural intelligence post assessment and feedback

Prevention of school violence face to face and virtual in the high school

The present article pretends contribute a complete vision about the problems of bullying and cyberbullying in high school students, and some tools who helps as a prevention factor in face to face environments and virtual environments, as generic competences and digital competence; all this starting with three researches, two of these descriptive transversal studies and one correlational study, made on high school students of the Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México; in these studies were applied self-report questionnaires to obtain information about the perception of the teenagers about these issues, and in case of generic competences and digital competence, the knowledge they have

Effect of Exercise on Inflammation in Hemodialysis Patients: A Systematic Review

Background: In recent years, physical exercise has been investigated for its potential as a therapeutic tool in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) undergoing hemodialysis maintenance treatment (HD). It has been shown that regular practice of moderate-intensity exercise can improve certain aspects of immune function and exert anti-inflammatory effects, having been associated with low levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and high levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines. Purpose: The aim of this review is to examine the studies carried out in this population that analyzed the effect of intradialytic exercise on the inflammatory state and evaluate which exercise modality is most effective. Methods: The search was carried out in the MEDLINE, CINAHL Web of Science and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases from inception to June 2022. The PEDro scale was used to assess methodological quality, and the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool and MINORS were used to evaluate the risk of bias. The quality of evidence was assessed with GRADE scale. The outcome measures were systemic inflammation biomarkers. Results: Mixed results were found in terms of improving inflammation biomarkers, such as CRP, IL-6 or TNFα, after exercise. Aerobic exercise seems to improve systemic inflammation when performed at medium intensity while resistance training produced better outcomes when performed at high intensity. However, some studies reported no differences after exercise and these results should be taken with caution. Conclusions: The low quality of the evidence suggests that aerobic and resistance exercise during HD treatment improves systemic inflammation biomarkers in patients with ESRD. In any case, interventions that increase physical activity in patients with ESRD are of vital importance as sedentary behaviors are associated with mortality. More studies are needed to affirm solid conclusions and to make intervention parameters, such as modality, dose, intensity or duration, sufficiently clear

Algoritmo de cálculo de los coeficientes de difusión de agua en zeolitas naturales cubanas

En el presente trabajo se describe el estudio de la cinética de adsorción de agua realizado a tres de las zeolitas naturales cubanas más estudiadas. La necesidad e importancia, así como la novedad y actualidad de este tipo de estudio son argumentadas en la parte introductoria. Empleando los elementos de la teoría de la transferencia de sustancia desarrollada por Ruthven para el caso de los materiales porosos y la teoría del llenado volumétrico de microporos de Dubinin se diseñó un procedimiento de cálculo para los coeficientes de transferencia y de difusión de vapor de agua en tales materiales. El algoritmo gráfico-numérico se desarrolló para la zona de predominio de las interacciones no específicas del modelo de Dubinin. Este método de cálculo se aplicó al estudio de la cinética de adsorción de vapor de agua por las zeolitas de los yacimientos de Tasajera, Castilla y Palmarito en sus diferentes formas catiónicas. Los cálculos se efectuaron a partir de datos de la cinética y la termodinámica de la adsorción de agua obtenidos mediante un equipo estático volumétrico clásico. Los coeficientes de trasferencia de vapor de agua y de difusión de este en las muestras estudiadas están en el orden de lo reportado para materiales de esta naturaleza. En los cálculos se empleó el radio granulométrico en vez del radio del cristal zeolítico, argumentándose el porqué de tal elección de acuerdo con los diferentes criterios que han sido reportados. Se obtuvo además que la etapa limitante del proceso cinético es la difusión intercristalina

Guía de práctica clínica SENPE/SEGHNP/SEFH sobre nutrición parenteral pediátrica

Introduction: Parenteral nutrition (PN) in childhood is a treatment whose characteristics are highly variable depending on the age and pathology of the patient. Material and methods: The Standardization and Protocols Group of the Spanish Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (SENPE) is an interdisciplinary group formed by members of the SENPE, the Spanish Society of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Pediatric Nutrition (SEGHNP) and the Spanish Society of Hospital Pharmacy (SEFH) that intends to update this issue. For this, a detailed review of the literature has been carried out, looking for the evidences that allow us to elaborate a Clinical Practice Guide following the criteria of the Oxford Center for Evidence-Based Medicine. Results: This manuscript summarizes the recommendations regarding indications, access routes, requirements, modifications in special situations, components of the mixtures, prescription and standardization, preparation, administration, monitoring, complications and home NP. The complete document is published as a monographic number. Conclusions: This guide is intended to support the prescription of pediatric PN. It provides the basis for rational decisions in the context of the existing evidence. No guidelines can take into account all of the often compelling individual clinical circumstances.Introducción: la nutrición parenteral (NP) en la infancia es un tratamiento cuyas características son muy variables en función de la edad y la patología que presente el paciente. Material y métodos: el grupo de Estandarización y Protocolos de la Sociedad Española de Nutrición Parenteral y Enteral (SENPE) es un grupo interdisciplinar formado por miembros de la SENPE, Sociedad Española de Gastroenterología, Hepatología y Nutrición Pediátrica (SEGHNP) y Sociedad Española de Farmacia Hospitalaria (SEFH) que pretende poner al día este tema. Para ello, se ha realizado una revisión pormenorizada de la literatura buscando las evidencias que nos permiten elaborar una Guía de Práctica Clínica siguiendo los criterios del Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine. Resultados: este manuscrito expone de forma resumida las recomendaciones en cuanto a indicaciones, vías de acceso, requerimientos, modificaciones en situaciones especiales, componentes de las mezclas, prescripción y estandarización, preparación, administración, monitorización, complicaciones y NP domiciliaria. El documento completo se publica como número monográfico. Conclusiones: esta guía pretende servir de apoyo para la prescripción de la NP pediátrica. Constituye la base para tomar decisiones en el contexto de la evidencia existente. Ninguna guía puede tener en cuenta todas las circunstancias clínicas individuale

Impacto de un evento de inundación en la comunidad bacteriana de un ecosistema subterráneo somero (Cueva del Pindal, Asturias)

14 páginas.- 4 figuras.- 3 tablas.- 12 referencias.- Comunicación oral presentada en el VIII Congreso Español sobre Cuevas y Minas Turísticas "Minas y Cuevas: Patrimonio Geológico y Turístico". J.M. Calaforra y J.J. Durán Valsero (eds.), Pulpí (Almería) 19-22 octubre 2022.- Enlace al libro de Actas completo https://www.cuevasturisticas.es/actas-cuevatur-2022La Cueva del Pindal (Ribadedeva, Asturias) y su arte rupestre paleolítico forman parte de la Lista del Patrimonio Mundial de la UNESCO desde 2008. Actualmente está abierta al público con visitas limitadas y en ella se desarrolla un proyecto de investigación sobre actividad microbiana en ecosistemas naturales subterráneos y su aplicación al diseño de estrategias de conservación. El sistema kárstico del Pindal se desarrolla en un macizo calcáreo modelado en forma de terrazas marinas (rasas), situadas entre 30 y 68 metros s.n.m que constituyen el área de captación hídrica preferente y en las que se observan numerosas estructuras exokársticas tipo dolina y poljé. Sobre una de las dolinas, situada casi en la vertical de la cavidad, se instaló una explotación ganadera en 1995. El 23 de octubre de 2019 tras un episodio extremo de precipitaciones (209 l/m2) se produjo una fuerte acumulación de agua en la dolina y una entrada masiva de agua y sedimentos en la cueva. El 31 de octubre se realizó un muestreo específico para conocer los cambios provocados en el ecosistema subterráneo. La inundación provocó un fuerte incremento de materia orgánica, nitrógeno, fósforo y potasio disponibles en los sedimentos y modificaciones muy significativas en la composición de las comunidades microbianas presentes en los sedimentos: aparición de nuevos filos bacterianos (Firmicutes y Bacteroidetes), incluyendo grupos de bacterias patógenas oportunistas (Corynebacterium, Thauera, Clostridiales) y la casi total desaparición de otros (Rokubacteria y Nitrospirae). Los resultados confirman que el agua y sedimentos arrastrados al interior de la cueva en la inundación fueron acompañados de residuos procedentes de la explotación ganadera, demostrando el alto grado de vulnerabilidad de este tipo de ambientes. Tras el estudio e informe correspondiente, la actividad ganadera cesó en 2021 y continúa el estudio de las poblaciones microbianas para conocer su evolución a medio-largo plazo.Este trabajo ha contado con la financiación de la Consejería de Cultura, Política Lingüística y Turismo del Principado de Asturias para la realización de los análisis de las muestras de octubre de 2019 y con el soporte del proyecto PID2019-110603RB-I00, MCIN/AEI/FEDER UE/10.13039/501100011033 para el resto de la investigación. Cuenta con el apoyo de la Plataforma Temática Interdisciplinar CSIC Patrimonio Abierto: Investigación y Sociedad (PTI-PAIS).N

RET PLCγ Phosphotyrosine Binding Domain Regulates Ca2+ Signaling and Neocortical Neuronal Migration

The receptor tyrosine kinase RET plays an essential role during embryogenesis in regulating cell proliferation, differentiation, and migration. Upon glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) stimulation, RET can trigger multiple intracellular signaling pathways that in concert activate various downstream effectors. Here we report that the RET receptor induces calcium (Ca2+) signaling and regulates neocortical neuronal progenitor migration through the Phospholipase-C gamma (PLCγ) binding domain Tyr1015. This signaling cascade releases Ca2+ from the endoplasmic reticulum through the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor and stimulates phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and CaMKII. A point mutation at Tyr1015 on RET or small interfering RNA gene silencing of PLCγ block the GDNF-induced signaling cascade. Delivery of the RET mutation to neuronal progenitors in the embryonic ventricular zone using in utero electroporation reveal that Tyr1015 is necessary for GDNF-stimulated migration of neurons to the cortical plate. These findings demonstrate a novel RET mediated signaling pathway that elevates cytosolic Ca2+ and modulates neuronal migration in the developing neocortex through the PLCγ binding domain Tyr1015

Process evaluation in the field: global learnings from seven implementation research hypertension projects in low-and middle-income countries

Background Process evaluation is increasingly recognized as an important component of effective implementation research and yet, there has been surprisingly little work to understand what constitutes best practice. Researchers use different methodologies describing causal pathways and understanding barriers and facilitators to implementation of interventions in diverse contexts and settings. We report on challenges and lessons learned from undertaking process evaluation of seven hypertension intervention trials funded through the Global Alliance of Chronic Diseases (GACD). Methods Preliminary data collected from the GACD hypertension teams in 2015 were used to inform a template for data collection. Case study themes included: (1) description of the intervention, (2) objectives of the process evaluation, (3) methods including theoretical basis, (4) main findings of the study and the process evaluation, (5) implications for the project, policy and research practice and (6) lessons for future process evaluations. The information was summarized and reported descriptively and narratively and key lessons were identified. Results The case studies were from low- and middle-income countries and Indigenous communities in Canada. They were implementation research projects with intervention arm. Six theoretical approaches were used but most comprised of mixed-methods approaches. Each of the process evaluations generated findings on whether interventions were implemented with fidelity, the extent of capacity building, contextual factors and the extent to which relationships between researchers and community impacted on intervention implementation. The most important learning was that although process evaluation is time consuming, it enhances understanding of factors affecting implementation of complex interventions. The research highlighted the need to initiate process evaluations early on in the project, to help guide design of the intervention; and the importance of effective communication between researchers responsible for trial implementation, process evaluation and outcome evaluation. Conclusion This research demonstrates the important role of process evaluation in understanding implementation process of complex interventions. This can help to highlight a broad range of system requirements such as new policies and capacity building to support implementation. Process evaluation is crucial in understanding contextual factors that may impact intervention implementation which is important in considering whether or not the intervention can be translated to other contexts

Why Are Outcomes Different for Registry Patients Enrolled Prospectively and Retrospectively? Insights from the Global Anticoagulant Registry in the FIELD-Atrial Fibrillation (GARFIELD-AF).

Background: Retrospective and prospective observational studies are designed to reflect real-world evidence on clinical practice, but can yield conflicting results. The GARFIELD-AF Registry includes both methods of enrolment and allows analysis of differences in patient characteristics and outcomes that may result. Methods and Results: Patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and ≥1 risk factor for stroke at diagnosis of AF were recruited either retrospectively (n = 5069) or prospectively (n = 5501) from 19 countries and then followed prospectively. The retrospectively enrolled cohort comprised patients with established AF (for a least 6, and up to 24 months before enrolment), who were identified retrospectively (and baseline and partial follow-up data were collected from the emedical records) and then followed prospectively between 0-18 months (such that the total time of follow-up was 24 months; data collection Dec-2009 and Oct-2010). In the prospectively enrolled cohort, patients with newly diagnosed AF (≤6 weeks after diagnosis) were recruited between Mar-2010 and Oct-2011 and were followed for 24 months after enrolment. Differences between the cohorts were observed in clinical characteristics, including type of AF, stroke prevention strategies, and event rates. More patients in the retrospectively identified cohort received vitamin K antagonists (62.1% vs. 53.2%) and fewer received non-vitamin K oral anticoagulants (1.8% vs . 4.2%). All-cause mortality rates per 100 person-years during the prospective follow-up (starting the first study visit up to 1 year) were significantly lower in the retrospective than prospectively identified cohort (3.04 [95% CI 2.51 to 3.67] vs . 4.05 [95% CI 3.53 to 4.63]; p = 0.016). Conclusions: Interpretations of data from registries that aim to evaluate the characteristics and outcomes of patients with AF must take account of differences in registry design and the impact of recall bias and survivorship bias that is incurred with retrospective enrolment. Clinical Trial Registration: - URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier for GARFIELD-AF (NCT01090362)

Improved risk stratification of patients with atrial fibrillation: an integrated GARFIELD-AF tool for the prediction of mortality, stroke and bleed in patients with and without anticoagulation.

OBJECTIVES: To provide an accurate, web-based tool for stratifying patients with atrial fibrillation to facilitate decisions on the potential benefits/risks of anticoagulation, based on mortality, stroke and bleeding risks. DESIGN: The new tool was developed, using stepwise regression, for all and then applied to lower risk patients. C-statistics were compared with CHA2DS2-VASc using 30-fold cross-validation to control for overfitting. External validation was undertaken in an independent dataset, Outcome Registry for Better Informed Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation (ORBIT-AF). PARTICIPANTS: Data from 39 898 patients enrolled in the prospective GARFIELD-AF registry provided the basis for deriving and validating an integrated risk tool to predict stroke risk, mortality and bleeding risk. RESULTS: The discriminatory value of the GARFIELD-AF risk model was superior to CHA2DS2-VASc for patients with or without anticoagulation. C-statistics (95% CI) for all-cause mortality, ischaemic stroke/systemic embolism and haemorrhagic stroke/major bleeding (treated patients) were: 0.77 (0.76 to 0.78), 0.69 (0.67 to 0.71) and 0.66 (0.62 to 0.69), respectively, for the GARFIELD-AF risk models, and 0.66 (0.64-0.67), 0.64 (0.61-0.66) and 0.64 (0.61-0.68), respectively, for CHA2DS2-VASc (or HAS-BLED for bleeding). In very low to low risk patients (CHA2DS2-VASc 0 or 1 (men) and 1 or 2 (women)), the CHA2DS2-VASc and HAS-BLED (for bleeding) scores offered weak discriminatory value for mortality, stroke/systemic embolism and major bleeding. C-statistics for the GARFIELD-AF risk tool were 0.69 (0.64 to 0.75), 0.65 (0.56 to 0.73) and 0.60 (0.47 to 0.73) for each end point, respectively, versus 0.50 (0.45 to 0.55), 0.59 (0.50 to 0.67) and 0.55 (0.53 to 0.56) for CHA2DS2-VASc (or HAS-BLED for bleeding). Upon validation in the ORBIT-AF population, C-statistics showed that the GARFIELD-AF risk tool was effective for predicting 1-year all-cause mortality using the full and simplified model for all-cause mortality: C-statistics 0.75 (0.73 to 0.77) and 0.75 (0.73 to 0.77), respectively, and for predicting for any stroke or systemic embolism over 1 year, C-statistics 0.68 (0.62 to 0.74). CONCLUSIONS: Performance of the GARFIELD-AF risk tool was superior to CHA2DS2-VASc in predicting stroke and mortality and superior to HAS-BLED for bleeding, overall and in lower risk patients. The GARFIELD-AF tool has the potential for incorporation in routine electronic systems, and for the first time, permits simultaneous evaluation of ischaemic stroke, mortality and bleeding risks. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier for GARFIELD-AF (NCT01090362) and for ORBIT-AF (NCT01165710)