Functional and bioactive properties of collagen and gelatin from alternative sources: A review

The rising interest in the valorisation of industrial by-products is one of the main reasons why exploring different species and optimizing the extracting conditions of collagen and gelatin has attracted the attention of researchers in the last decade. The most abundant sources of gelatin are pig skin, bovine hide and, pork and cattle bones, however, the industrial use of collagen or gelatin obtained from non-mammalian species is growing in importance. The classical food, photographic, cosmetic and pharmaceutical application of gelatin is based mainly on its gel-forming properties. Recently, and especially in the food industry, an increasing number of new applications have been found for gelatin in products such as emulsifiers, foaming agents, colloid stabilizers, biodegradable film-forming materials and micro-encapsulating agents, in line with the growing trend to replace synthetic agents with more natural ones. In the last decade, a large number of studies have dealt with the enzymatic hydrolysis of collagen or gelatin for the production of bioactive peptides. Besides exploring diverse types of bioactivities, of an antimicrobial, antioxidant or antihypertensive nature, studies have also focused on the effect of oral intake in both animal and human models, revealing the excellent absorption and metabolism of Hyp-containing peptides. The present work is a compilation of recent information on collagen and gelatin extraction from new sources, as well as new processing conditions and potential novel or improved applications, many of which are largely based on induced cross-linking, blending with other biopolymers or enzymatic hydrolysis. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.Peer Reviewe

Functional and bioactive properties of collagen and gelatin from alternative sources: A review

The rising interest in the valorisation of industrial by-products is one of the main reasons why exploring different species and optimizing the extracting conditions of collagen and gelatin has attracted the attention of researchers in the last decade. The most abundant sources of gelatin are pig skin, bovine hide and, pork and cattle bones, however, the industrial use of collagen or gelatin obtained from non-mammalian species is growing in importance. The classical food, photographic, cosmetic and pharmaceutical application of gelatin is based mainly on its gel-forming properties. Recently, and especially in the food industry, an increasing number of new applications have been found for gelatin in products such as emulsifiers, foaming agents, colloid stabilizers, biodegradable film-forming materials and micro-encapsulating agents, in line with the growing trend to replace synthetic agents with more natural ones. In the last decade, a large number of studies have dealt with the enzymatic hydrolysis of collagen or gelatin for the production of bioactive peptides. Besides exploring diverse types of bioactivities, of an antimicrobial, antioxidant or antihypertensive nature, studies have also focused on the effect of oral intake in both animal and human models, revealing the excellent absorption and metabolism of Hyp-containing peptides. The present work is a compilation of recent information on collagen and gelatin extraction from new sources, as well as new processing conditions and potential novel or improved applications, many of which are largely based on induced cross-linking, blending with other biopolymers or enzymatic hydrolysis. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.Peer Reviewe

Quality of thawed deepwater pink shrimp (Parapenaeus longirostris) treated with melanosis-inhibiting formulations during chilled storage

This work investigates how the treatment of thawed deepwater pink shrimp (Parapenaeus longirostris) with several melanosis-inhibiting formulations, affects the quality of the shrimp during chilled storage. Formulations were as follows: a formulation containing 4-hexylresorcinol (0.1 and 0.05%), in combination with organic acids and chelating agents, a commercial formula based on sulphites, and a mixture of gluconic acid and commercial sulphites. No noticeable differences were observed for both trimethylamine and total volatile bases during chilled storage. pH evolution was irrespective of the treatment condition. Microbial load enlarged after the sixth day of chilled storage. Higher total bacteria counts were associated with the control and sulphite treatment conditions, while lactic acid bacteria growth seemed to be favoured under formulations based on 4-hexylresorcinol. The appearance of melanosis occurred more rapidly in control shrimp or in shrimp treated with commercial sulphites. 4-hexylresorcinol formulations preserved the quality of thawed shrimp and could replace traditional sulphites. © 2007 The Authors. Journal compilation 2007 Institute of Food Science and Technology Trust Fund.Peer Reviewe

Antioxidant and antimicrobial peptide fractions from squid and tuna skin gelatin

27 páginas, 4 figuras, 4 tablas.Gelatin extracted from tuna skins and giant squid tunics were hydrolysed with Alcalase at 50ºC for 3h. Two peptide fractions (1-10K and ≤1K) were obtained from each gelatin hydrolysate by subjecting them to centrifugal ultrafiltration using successively a 10 kDa and a 1 kDa membrane. The peptide fractions were characterized in terms of amino acid composition and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Antioxidant properties were tested according to the Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) assay and the radical scavenging capacity (ABTS) assay. A disk diffusion test was performed to test antimicrobial action against a panel of Gram-positive and Gramnegative pathogenic and fish spoilage-associated microorganisms. Although antioxidant and antimicrobial properties could be detected in all tested peptide fractions, the lowermost molecular weight fraction from squid hydrolysate presented the highest reducing and radical scavenging capacities, whereas microbial growth inhibition was found to be specifically related to the type of microorganism.This study was supported by the Spanish “Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia” (project AGL2005-02380/ALI and AGL2008-02135/ALI).Peer reviewe

Tipificación de dos nombres linneanos del género Erigeron L. (Compositae)

Lectotypification of the name Erigeron glutinosus L., with a Barrelier illustration from 1714 and E. tuberosus L., with a specimen from the UPSBURSER herbarium, is presented.Se presenta la lectotipificación del nombre Erigeron glutinosus L., con una ilustración de Barrelier de 1714 y de E. tuberosus L., con un ejemplar del herbario UPS-BURSER

Radioterapia intraoperatoria en cáncer de mama precoz: análisis observacional frente a radioterapia externa

Introducción Una única dosis de radioterapia intraoperatoria (IORT) en cáncer de mama precoz (EBC) puede ser una opción frente a la radioterapia externa estándar (WBRT). Sin embargo, no existe consenso sobre su uso y resultados. Objetivo Analizar la morbilidad y resultados oncológicos de la IORT como monoterapia en el tratamiento del EBC. Métodos Se realiza un estudio analítico observacional unicéntrico, comparando una cohorte prospectiva IORT (2015-17) con una cohorte retrospectiva WBRT (2012-17). Los criterios de selección aplicados son: = 45 años de edad, carcinoma ductal infiltrante o variantes, tamaño tumoral radiológico = 3 cm, receptores estrogénicos positivos, HER2 negativo, cN0; criterios de exclusión: invasión linfovascular, multicentricidad/multifocalidad, mutaciones BRCA y tratamiento neoadyuvante. Se valoran características clínicas, tumorales, quirúrgicas, oncológicas y complicaciones. Resultados Se estudiaron 425 casos: 217 tratados con IORT y 208 con WBRT. La edad media en IORT y WBRT fue 67 ± 9, 5 y 64, 8 ± 9, 9 años, respectivamente (p = 0, 01). El riesgo ASA 3 en IORT fue 17, 7%, frente a 24 casos de WBRT (p = 0, 027). No hubo diferencias en resultados anatomopatológicos o estadificación. El seguimiento medio de IORT fue 24, 4 ± 8 meses, frente a 50, 5 ± 18 meses de WBRT (p < 0, 001). No se hallaron diferencias significativas en recidiva local, metástasis o mortalidad. Las complicaciones que precisaron reintervención u hospitalización resultaron equiparables. La radiodermitis precoz grave se presentó en tres casos IORT frente a 14 casos WBRT (p = 0, 01). Conclusiones La IORT como monoterapia en pacientes seleccionadas con EBC representa una opción alternativa frente a WBRT, especialmente en aquellas con edad avanzada y comorbilidades. Se asocia, además, con menos radiodermitis precoz grave. Introduction: In early breast cancer (EBC), a single dose of intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) might be an option to standard whole breast radiotherapy (WBRT). However, there is no consensus about its use and clinical results. Aim: to analyse the morbidity and oncological outcomes of IORT as monotherapy in EBC. Methods: A single centre observational analytic study was performed. A prospective IORT cohort (2015-17) and a retrospective WBRT cohort (2012-17) were selected following the same criteria: = 45 y.o., invasive ductal carcinoma or variants, radiological tumour size = 3 cm, positive oestrogenic receptors, negative HER2, cN0; exclusion criteria: lymphovascular invasion, multicentricity/multifocality, BRCA mutation and neoadjuvant therapy. Clinical, histological, surgical, oncological characteristics and complications were collected. Results: A total of 425 cases were selected: 217 in IORT cohort and 208 in WBRT cohort. Average age in IORT and WBRT groups was 67±9.5 and 64.8 ± 9.9 y.o. respectively (p = 0.01). ASA 3 risk score patients were 17.7% in IORT and 24 cases in WBRT (p = 0.027). There were no differences in histological results or tumoral stage. Average follow up was 24.4 ± 8 months in IORT and 50.5 ± 18 months in WBRT (p < 0.001). No differences were detected in local recurrence, metastases or mortality. Complications that required reintervention or hospitalization were similar in both groups. A total of 3 and 14 cases developed early severe dermatitis in IORT and WBRT groups respectively (p = 0.01). Conclusion: IORT as monotherapy in selected patients with EBC stands for an alternative option versus WBRT. It seems especially useful in advanced-age patients with severe comorbidities. IORT associates lesser early severe dermatitis

Using the quality of life framework to operationalize and assess the CRPD articles and the Sustainable Development Goals

This article describes how rights, the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), and the quality of life (QOL) framework are closely interrelated. Although legislation can be used as a tool for the practical application of QOL principles, QOL assessment information is required to further develop legislation and monitor the fulfillment of laws, policies, and the SDGs. A validated QOL model, which provides a set of concepts that can be one useful way for understanding and assessing QOL, can also function to assess many of the rights and goals promulgated in the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) and in the SDGs. This article illustrates the overlap between the CRPD, SDGs and QOL using the #Rights4MeToo Scale, a new measurement instrument for people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD). The instrument's value lies in its potential to: (a) raise awareness about the rights enshrined in the CRPD; (b) design, implement, and evaluate the effectiveness of interventions aimed at facilitating the exercise of those rights and the achievement of the SDGs; and (c) ultimately improve the QOL of people with IDD

FTO gene: Historic background and its relationship with chronic-degenerative diseases

Indexación: Scopus; Latindex.Alteraciones en el desarrollo de la atención y la organización conductual pueden configurar cuadros clínicos como el trastorno déficit de atención (TDA) que puede estar acompañado o no de hiperactividad (TDAH), este último parece tener una relación directa con otros diagnósticos de tipo endocrino como la obesidad. El objetivo del estudio es analizar la relación que existe entre el TDAH y la obesidad. Es por ello que se realiza una revisión sistemática de estudios científicos revelando relaciones y diferencias entre ambos trastornos desde una mirada fisiológica, cognoscitiva y comportamental. Se concluye que la relación entre el TDAH y la obesidad se da por factores genéticos, por variaciones dopaminérgicas, cambios en patrones de sueño, desajustes emocionales y por alteraciones en la regulación de la conducta; igualmente influyen factores sociales relacionados con el cuidado en el embarazo y la alimentación de las mujeres antes y durante la gestación.http://www.revhipertension.com/rlh_2_2018/5_fto_gene.pd

Combination of KIR2DS4 and FcγRIIa polymorphisms predicts the response to cetuximab in KRAS mutant metastatic colorectal cancer

Cetuximab is a standard-of-care treatment for RAS wild-type metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) but not for those harbor a KRAS mutation since MAPK pathway is constitutively activated. Nevertheless, cetuximab also exerts its effect by its immunomodulatory activity despite the presence of RAS mutation. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of polymorphism FcγRIIIa V158F and killer immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) genes on the outcome of mCRC patients with KRAS mutations treated with cetuximab. This multicenter Phase II clinical trial included 70 mCRC patients with KRAS mutated. We found KIR2DS4 gene was significantly associated with OS (HR 2.27; 95% CI, 1.08–4.77; P = 0.03). In non-functional receptor homozygotes the median OS was 2.6 months longer than in carriers of one copy of full receptor. Multivariate analysis confirmed KIR2DS4 as a favorable prognostic marker for OS (HR 6.71) in mCRC patients with KRAS mutation treated with cetuximab. These data support the potential therapeutic of cetuximab in KRAS mutated mCRC carrying non-functional receptor KIR2DS4 since these patients significantly prolong their OS even after heavily treatment. KIR2DS4 typing could be used as predictive marker for identifying RAS mutated patients that could benefit from combination approaches of anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies and other immunotherapies to overcome the resistance mediated by mutation in RAS.This clinical trial was approved and supported by Merck S.L., an affiliate of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt. Germany [research project number 2010-023580-18, date: 05-06-2014

Are Type, Frequency, and Daily Time Equally Valid Estimators of Support Needs in Children With Intellectual Disability? A Multitrait?Multimethod Analysis of the Supports Intensity Scale for Children (SIS-C)

ABSTRACT: Support needs represent the intensity of support required by a person with a disability in order to take part in the activities related to normative human functioning. The Supports Intensity Scale for Children (SIS-C) is possibly the most promising tool for assessing and designing individualized support programs in children with intellectual disability. The SIS-C measures support needs across 61 activities, each one assessed along three methods: type of support, frequency, and daily time during which support is to be given. We investigated the impact of method effects in the SIS-C through a bifactor approach to the analysis of multitrait?multimethod matrices. The results suggest that neither intensity nor frequency scales produced method effects that significantly distorted the measurement of support needs. However, the daily support time method had substantial undesirable effects on five of the seven subscales of support needs. Considerations about support needs assessment and future modifications of the scale are discussed.The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: Work on this research was funded by the Spanish Ministry of the Economy and Competitiveness (R&D Projects, PSI2012- 36278), and the Autonomous Community of Castile and Leon (R&D Projects, SA120U13)