ONE TECHNOLOGY - TWO TYPES OF PROTECTION

Pests of the order Lepidoptera - South barn and Grain moth moth - one of the most dangerous pests of grain mass. The data obtained show that the technology (seed disinfectants and quality) of spring wheat affects the damage Plodia interpunctella Hb. and Sitotroga cerealella Oliv

Investigation of genetic polymorphism of Russian rape and turnip rape varieties using SSR and SRAP markers

Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) and turnip rape (B. rapa L. subsp. campestris (L.)) are important agricultural plants widely used for food, fodder and technical purposes and as green manure. Over the past decades, a large number of perspective varieties that are being currently cultivated in every region of Russia have been developed. To increase the breeding efficiency and facilitate the seed production, modern molecular-genetic techniques should be introduced as means to estimate species and varietal diversity. The objective of the presented research study was to investigate DNA polymorphism of the rapeseed and turnip rape varieties developed at Federal Williams Research Center of Forage Production and Agroecology and detect informative markers for varietal identification and genetic certification. To genotype 18 gDNA samples, 42 and 25 combinations of respective SSR and SRAP primers were used. The results obtained demonstrate that SRAP markers were more effective for polymorphism analysis: 36 % of the tested markers revealed genetic polymorphism compared with only 16.7 % of microsatellite loci. Molecular markers to detect differences at interspecific and intervarietal levels have also been found. For the investigated set, such microsatellite loci as Na12A02, Ni2C12, Ni02-D08a, Ra02-E01, Ni03H07а and SRAP-marker combinations as F13-R9, Me4-R7, F11-Em2, F10-R7, F9-Em2 and F9-R8 proved to be informative. Application of the two marker techniques made it possible to detect a higher level of DNA polymorphism in plants of different types (spring and winter varieties) if compared against the intervarietal differences within a species or a group. According to Nei’s genetic diversity index, in the cluster of winter rapeseed, VIK 2 and Gorizont varieties had the longest genetic distance, and in the spring cluster, these were Novosel and Veles. A high level of similarity was found between Vikros and Bizon winter rapeseed varieties. The results obtained have a high practical value for varietal specification of seed material and genetic certification of rapeseed and turnip rape varieties

Reduction of hepatotoxicity of nimesulide in mechanochemically obtained composition with disodium salt of glycyrrhizic acid

Nimesulide (NIM) is a nonsteroid anti-inflammatory drug which acts as a selective cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor and is widely used for acute pain treatment. In medical practice, a large amount of data has been collected describing the effect of NIM on the body, while a hepatotoxic side effect of the drug has been found. The exact mechanisms of such NIM-induced hepatotoxicity largely remain unknown but likely involve the intermediate reaction of its metabolism. Reduction of the hepatotoxic side effect of NIM is an actual problem for pharmacology. The aim of the present research was to evaluate the hepatotoxicity of the mechanochemically obtained composition of NIM with glycyrrhizic acid disodium salt (Na2GA) compared to pure NIM and a physical mixture of NIM with Na2GA. Material and methods. CD-1 mice were orally administered for 14 days: 1 group – mechanochemical composition NIM/Na2GA (1:10, m/m) at a dose of 1650 mg/kg; 2 group – physical mixture of NIM with Na2GA (1:10, m/m) at a dose of 1650 mg/kg; 3 group – pure NIM at a dose of 600 mg/kg (which pharmacokinetically corresponds to 1650 mg/kg of NIM/Na2GA); 4 group – vehicle (distilled water). The liver damage was assessed using histological studies and enzymatic activity of the alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase in blood serum. Results. Histological analysis did not detect any changes in the liver of NIM/Na2GA-treated animals in comparison with a water-treated group. On the opposite, NIM given alone or as a physical mixture with Na2GA induced severe hepatotoxicity in experimental mice. Biochemical analysis of the blood serum revealed that mechanochemical NIM/Na2GA composition significantly reduced activity of the alanine aminotransferase (about 1.5 times) and aspartate aminotransferase (1.3 times) as compared with the pure NIM. Conclusions. The results obtained indicate a high potential for the practical application of the NIM/Na2GA mechanochemical composition

Measurements of the energy deposit of inclined muon bundles in the CWD NEVOD

First results of investigations of the energy deposits of inclined muon bundles in the ground-based Cherenkov water detector NEVOD are presented. As a measure of the muon bundle energy deposit, the total number of photoelectrons detected by PMTs of the Cherenkov calorimeter is used. For each event, the local muon density at the observation point and the muon bundle arrival direction are estimated from the data of the coordinate-tracking detector DECOR. Registration of the bundles in a wide range of zenith angles allows to explore the interval of primary particle energies from ̃ 1016 to ̃ 1018 eV. Measurement results are compared with CORSIKA based simulations of EAS muon component. It is found that the mean energy of muons detected in the bundles rapidly increases with the zenith angle and reaches about 500 GeV near the horizon

Фармакологическая активность и адресная доставка супрамолекулярного фенбендазола, полученного по механохимической технологии с различными компонентами

The purpose of the research is studying the influence of various components on the targeted delivery of fenbendazole and evaluation of their efficacy in mice experimentally infected with Trichinella spiralis.Materials and methods. The experiment used 80 white mice experimentally infected with T. spiralis, at a dose of 200 larvae per animal. Each group of 10 animals was administered intragastrically solid dispersion of fenbendazole (SDF) with polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP), arabinogalactan (AG), disodium salt of glycyrrhizinic acid (Na2 GA), sodium dioctyl sulfosuccinate (SDS), licorice extract (LE) and hydroxyethyl starch (HES) at a single dose of 2.0 mg/kg of active substance as compared with the fenbendazole substance at the same dose. The control group did not receive the drug. The anthelmintic efficacy was studied by the results of necropsy of the small intestine of mice on the second day after drugs administration. The concentration of fenbendazole and its metabolites in the small intestine was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry detection.Results and discussion. SDF with PVP, AG, Na2 GA, SDS, LE and HES showed 98.0, 94.9, 96.6, 100, 86.0 and 81.0% efficacy against intestinal nematode T. spiralis at a dose of 2.0 mg/kg of AS (fenbendazole). The maximum concentration of fenbendazole and its metabolites – sulfone and sulfoxide - was determined in the small intestine wall of animals on the second day after SDF with SDS administration and amounted to 3117.8, 614.6 and 2998.6 ng/g respectively. After fenbendazole substance administration, the drug and its metabolites were found in trace quantity. Цель исследований – изучение влияния различных компонентов на адресную доставку фенбендазола и оценка их эффективности на мышах, экспериментально зараженных Trichinella spiralis.Материалы и методы. В опыте использовали 80 белых мышей, экспериментально инвазированных T. spiralis, в дозе по 200 личинок на голову. Каждой группе животных по 10 гол. вводили внутрижелудочно однократно твердую дисперсию фенбендазола (ТДФ) с поливинилпирролидоном (ПВП), арабиногалактаном (АГ), натриевой солью глицирризиновой кислоты (Na2 ГК), диоктилсульфосукцинатом натрия (ДССН), экстрактом солодки (ЭС) и гидроксиэтилкрахмалом (ГЭК) в дозе по 2,0 мг/кг по ДВ в сравнении с субстанцией фенбендазола в этой же дозе. Контрольная группа животных препарат не получала. На основании результатов вскрытий тонкого кишечника мышей на вторые сутки после применения препаратов оценивали антигельминтную эффективность. Концентрацию фенбендазола и его метаболитов в тонком кишечнике определяли методом высокоэффективной жидкостной хроматографии с тандемным масс-спектрометрическим детектированием.Результаты и обсуждение. ТДФ с ПВП, АГ, Na2 ГК, ДССН, ЭС и ГЭК в дозе по 2,0 мг/кг по ДВ (фенбендазолу) показала на мышах 98,0; 94,9; 96,6; 100; 86,0 и 81,0%-ную активность против кишечных T. spiralis. Максимальная концентрация фенбендазола и его метаболитов сульфона и сульфоксида обнаружена в стенке тонкого кишечника животных на вторые сутки после введения ТДФ с ДССН и составила соответственно 3117,8; 614,6 и 2998,6 нг/г. После введения субстанции фенбендазола препарат и его метаболиты обнаружены в следовых количествах.

Search for Exotic Mesons in pi- P Interactions at 18 GeV/c

The recent search for non $q \bar{q}$ mesons in $\pi^{-}p$ interactions at Brookhaven National Laboratory is summarized. Many final states such as $\eta \pi$, $\eta' \pi^{-}$, $a_{0} \pi$, $f_{1} \pi$, $a_{2} \pi$, $b_{1} \pi$, which are favored decay modes of exotics, are under investigation.Comment: 9 pages, PostScript, Presented at the International School of Nuclear Physics, Erice, Sicily, Italy, September 199

Investigation of cascade showers in the Cherenkov water detector NEVOD

A technique for the reconstruction of cascade profiles by means of Cherenkov radiation in the water of the NEVOD detector is discussed. NEVOD is equipped with a dense spatial lattice of optical modules. The analyzed cascades have been generated either along near-horizontal muons (zenith angles between 85 and 90°), which's tracks are reconstructed by means of the tracking detector DECOR, or by muons with unknown tracks over a wider zenith angle range of 50-90°. Mean cascade profiles and energy spectra of cascades measured during the experimental series of about 7950 hours of 'live time' are presented

Эффекты одно- и семикратного введения комплекса альбендазола с динатриевой солью глицирризиновой кислоты хомячкам, инвазированным Opisthorchis felineus

The purpose of the research is to evaluate the effect of albendazole as part of the supramolecular complex with disodium salt of glycyrrhizic acid obtained by solid-phase mechanical treatment.Materials and methods. The anthelmintic activity of the complex and its effect on the host organism was assessed on hamsters infected with Opisthorchis felineus by single and 7-fold administration at 45 days after infection. After 21 days, we counted the number of helminthes in the liver, and conducted a morphometric analysis of the liver and spleen, and detected biochemically the activity of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase in the animals’ blood serum.Results and discussion. The number of O. felineus significantly decreased after 7-fold, but not a single, administration of albendazole (ABZ) and ABZ-Na2GA complex (1 : 10). The administrated substances had no effect on the weight gain of the animals and the daily consumption of the pellets. At the same time, ABZ only as part of the complex normalized the weight of the liver and spleen in hamsters infected with O. felineus and reduced the alanine aminotransferase activity. Consequently, a longer administration of ABZ as part of the complex with disodium glycyrrhizinate has not only a pronounced anthelmintic effect, but also improves some of the physiological parameters of hamsters to a greater extent than a pure substance.Цель исследований – оценить действие альбендазола в составе супрамолекулярного комплекса с динатриевой солью глизирризиновой кислоты, полученного методом твердофазной механической обработки.Материалы и методы. Оценку антигельминтного действия комплекса и его влияния на организм хозяина проводили на хомячках, инвазированных Opisthorchis felineus, при одно- и семикратном введении через 45 сут после заражения. Через 21 сутки после этого подсчитывали число гельминтов в печени; проводили морфометрический анализ печени и селезенки, а также биохимическое определение активности ферментов аланинаминотрансферазы и аспартатаминотрансферазы в сыворотке крови животных.Результаты и обсуждение. Число O. felineus существенно снижалось после семикратного, но не однократного, введения альбендазола (АБЗ) и комплекса АБЗ-Na2ГК (1 : 10). Вводимые вещества не оказывали влияния на прирост массы тела животных и суточное потребление гранул. При этом только в составе комплекса АБЗ нормализовал массу печени и селезенки у инвазированных O. felineus хомячков и снижал активность фермента аланинаминотрансферазы. Следовательно, более длительное введение АБЗ в составе комплекса с динатрия глицирризинатом оказывает не только выраженный антигельминтный эффект, но и в большей степени, чем чистое вещество, улучшает некоторые физиологические показатели хомячков

Standalone vertex finding in the ATLAS muon spectrometer

A dedicated reconstruction algorithm to find decay vertices in the ATLAS muon spectrometer is presented. The algorithm searches the region just upstream of or inside the muon spectrometer volume for multi-particle vertices that originate from the decay of particles with long decay paths. The performance of the algorithm is evaluated using both a sample of simulated Higgs boson events, in which the Higgs boson decays to long-lived neutral particles that in turn decay to bbar b final states, and pp collision data at √s = 7 TeV collected with the ATLAS detector at the LHC during 2011