Meiofauna in the Gollum Channels and the Whittard Canyon, Celtic Margin—How Local Environmental Conditions Shape Nematode Structure and Function

The Gollum Channels and Whittard Canyon (NE Atlantic) are two areas that receive high input of organic matter and phytodetritus from euphotic layers, but they are typified by different trophic and hydrodynamic conditions. Sediment biogeochemistry was analysed in conjunction with structure and diversity of the nematode community and differences were tested between study areas, water depths (700 m vs 1000 m), stations, and sediment layers. The Gollum Channels and Whittard Canyon harboured high meiofauna abundances (1054–1426 ind. 10 cm−2) and high nematode diversity (total of 181 genera). Next to enhanced meiofauna abundance and nematode biomass, there were signs of high levels of organic matter deposition leading to reduced sedimentary conditions, which in turn structured the nematode community. Striking in this respect was the presence of large numbers of ‘chemosynthetic’ Astomonema nematodes (Astomonema southwardorum, Order Monhysterida, Family Siphonolaimidae). This genus lacks a mouth, buccal cavity and pharynx and possesses a rudimentary gut containing internal, symbiotic prokaryotes which have been recognised as sulphur-oxidising bacteria. Dominance of Astomonema may indicate the presence of reduced environments in the study areas, which is partially confirmed by the local biogeochemical environment. The nematode communities were mostly affected by sediment layer differences and concomitant trophic conditions rather than other spatial gradients related to study area, water depth or station differences, pointing to small-scale heterogeneity as the main source of variation in nematode structure and function. Furthermore, the positive relation between nematode standing stocks, and quantity and quality of the organic matter was stronger when hydrodynamic disturbance was greater. Analogically, this study also suggests that structural diversity can be positively correlated with trophic conditions and that this relation is tighter when hydrodynamic disturbance is greater

Polyyne Hybrid Compounds from Notopterygium incisum with Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Agonistic Effects

[Image: see text] In the search for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) active constituents from the roots and rhizomes of Notopterygium incisum, 11 new polyacetylene derivatives (1–11) were isolated. Their structures were elucidated by NMR and HRESIMS as new polyyne hybrid molecules of falcarindiol with sesquiterpenoid or phenylpropanoid moieties, named notoethers A–H (1–8) and notoincisols A–C (9–11), respectively. Notoincisol B (10) and notoincisol C (11) represent two new carbon skeletons. When tested for PPARγ activation in a luciferase reporter assay with HEK-293 cells, notoethers A–C (1–3), notoincisol A (9), and notoincisol B (10) showed promising agonistic activity (EC(50) values of 1.7 to 2.3 μM). In addition, notoincisol A (9) exhibited inhibitory activity on NO production of stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages

Vaccins contre le papillomavirus humain et prévention des cancers gynécologiques: Résultats actuels et nouvelles perspectives [HPV vaccines and prevention of gynecological cancers: Current results, new perspectives]

National audienceThe HPV vaccine is the result of progress in the knowledge of HPV-induced malignancies and represents an hope for primary prevention of many epithelial cancers, mainly the cervix cancer in women. Its efficacy and safety are proven by methodologically adequate trials (randomized double-blind trials). The impact of the vaccine on large populations begins to be perceived in countries with proactive vaccination programs. Unfortunatly, vaccination brakes exist today in France explaining the relative failure of vaccination: the conviction of doctors, and the establishment of an early and wide vaccination program under the authority of government could overcome this reluctance. Progresses can be expected with the development of vaccine containing new genotypes, as in the nonavalent vaccine that compares favorably with the quadrivalent vaccine. Copyright © 2016 JLE

The myth of mental illness in the movies and its impact on forensic psychology

https://nsuworks.nova.edu/cps_facbooks/1140/thumbnail.jp

La station haute-fréquence MesuRho : Circulation, apports et dynamique sédimentaire à l’embouchure du Rhône

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Analysis of NR5A1 in 142 patients with premature ovarian insufficiency, diminished ovarian reserve, or unexplained infertility

International audienceOvarian deficiency, including diminished ovarian reserve and premature ovarian insufficiency, represents one of the main causes of female infertility. Little is known of the genetic basis of diminished ovarian reserve, while premature ovarian insufficiency often has a genetic basis, with genes affecting various processes. NR5A1 is a key gene required for gonadal function, and variants are associated with a wide phenotypic spectrum of disorders of sexual development, and are found in 0.26–8% of patients with premature ovarian insufficiency. As there is some debate about the extent of involvement of NR5A1 in the pathogenesis of ovarian deficiency, we performed an in-depth analysis of NR5A1 variants detected in a cohort of 142 patients with premature ovarian insufficiency, diminished ovarian reserve, or unexplained infertility associated with normal ovarian function. We identified rare non-synonymous protein-altering variants in 2.8 % of women with ovarian deficiency and no such variants in our small cohort of women with infertility but normal ovarian function. We observed previously reported variants associated with premature ovarian insufficiency in patients with diminished ovarian reserve, highlighting a genetic relationship between these conditions. We confirmed functional impairment resulting from a p.Val15Met variant, detected for the first time in a patient with premature ovarian insufficiency. The remaining variants were associated with preserved transcriptional activity and localization of NR5A1, indicating that rare NR5A1 variants may be incorrectly curated if functional studies are not undertaken, and/or that NR5A1 variants may have only a subtle impact on protein function and/or confer risk of ovarian deficiency via oligogenic inheritance. © 2019 Elsevier B.V