Digitalisation of Industrial Production in the Russian Regions: Spatial Relationships

Digitalisation is a new global trend that significantly influences the economic and social development of various territorial systems (from municipal to macroeconomic level). We hypothesise that the digital transformation of industrial enterprises is becoming a key factor of territorial competitiveness that determines regional development prospects and the possibility of increasing the growth rate of the national economy. To substantiate this hypothesis, we examined the spatial relationships, which emerge when industrial enterprises introduce digital technologies at the regional level, as well as assessed the impact of digitalisation processes on the renewal of the human resource capacity of the regional industry. For analysing the digital modernisation of the regional industry, we used official statistics on the share of organisations using radio-frequency identification (RFID). We chose this particular indicator because RFID-technology is the closest to cyber-physical systems, which enable the so-called smart production (the main indicator of the fourth industrial revolution). Using the global and local Moran’s indexes and the migration matrix of spatial weights, we studied the spatial heterogeneity of the digital industry transformation across the Russian regions. Anselin’s local autocorrelation matrix was applied to analyse inter-regional relationships, which emerge when manufacturing enterprises use of digital technologies. The calculated negative spatial autocorrelation index proves that digitalisation processes in industrial production have a high spatial heterogeneity: only a small part of the regions is characterised by a high level of RFID use by manufacturing enterprises. Using the migration flow matrix of graduates, we revealed that the constituent entities of the Russian Federation differ not only in indicators of using digital technologies but also in attractiveness to young, highly qualified personnel. The results of the spatial analysis confirm that the introduction of smart production technologies by industrial enterprises significantly influences the progressive socio-economic development of territories. This conclusion opens up new topics for research, including the theory of regional economic growth and the issues of transformation of the digital space of the national economic system.Новый общемировой тренд цифровизации оказывает существенное влияние на экономическое и социальное развитие территориальных систем различного уровня, от муниципального до макро-экономического. Цифровая трансформация промышленных предприятий, согласно нашей гипотезе, становится ключевым фактором территориальной конкурентоспособности, который определяет перспективы развития регионов и возможности повышения темпов роста национальной экономики. Исследование пространственных взаимосвязей в процессах использования цифровых технологий производственными предприятиями на региональном уровне и оценка влияния процессов цифровизации на обновление кадрового потенциала промышленности регионов стали главной целью первого этапа обоснования представленной гипотезы. Для анализа цифровой модернизации промышленности в регионах мы использовали официальные статистические данные по удельному весу организаций, использующих RFID-технологии, которые позволяют осуществлять автоматическую идентификацию объектов. Выбор данного показателя обусловлен тем, что технологии RFID являются наиболее близкими к киберфизическим системам, которые и обеспечивают так называемое умное производство — главный индикатор четвертой промышленной революции. Исследование пространственной неоднородности цифровой трансформации промышленности по регионам России было произведено с помощью глобального и локальных индексов Морана с использованием миграционной матрицы пространственных весов. Для исследования межрегиональных взаимосвязей в процессах использования цифровых технологий производственными предприятиями использовалась матрица локальных индексов автокорреляции Л. Анселина. Полученный в ходе расчетов отрицательный индекс пространственной автокорреляции доказывает, что процессы цифровизации промышленного производства имеют высокую пространственную неоднородность: лишь малая часть регионов отличается высоким уровнем использования RFID-технологий производственными предприятиями. С помощью матрицы миграционных потоков выпускников было выявлено, что субъекты РФ отличаются не только показателями использования цифровых технологий, но и уровнем привлекательности для молодых высококвалифицированных кадров. Результаты проведенного пространственного анализа доказывают, что внедрение технологий умного производства промышленными предприятиями является значимым фактором прогрессивного социально-экономического развития территорий. Данный вывод открывает широкие горизонты в области исследования как теории регионального экономического роста, так и вопросов трансформации цифрового пространства национальной экономической системы.The article has been prepared in accordance with the plan of Institute of Economics of the Ural Branch of RAS for 2020.Статья подготовлена в соответствии с Планом НИР Института экономики УрО РАН на 2020 год

Changes in Body Fat and Related Biochemical Parameters Associated With Atypical Antipsychotic Drug Treatment in Schizophrenia Patients With or Without Metabolic Syndrome

Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a common problem in schizophrenia patients and associated with increased mortality due to cardiovascular disease. Second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) play an important role in facilitating MetS. Objective: The study aimed to assess weight changes and alterations of indicators of body fat composition and lipid-glucose metabolism induced by reinitiating atypical antipsychotics in patients with schizophrenia when with or without MetS. Methods: After giving informed consent, newly admitted patients with a clinical diagnosis of schizophrenia (ICD-10: F20) and an age between 18 and 55 years were included. MetS was diagnosed according to International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria. At entry and after 6 weeks of treatment, anthropometry and biochemical analysis were carried out. Total and visceral fats were measured with the use of non-invasive bioimpedance analysis and subcutaneous fat with calculation of total adipose tissue with the use of caliperometry. Based on biochemical assessments low density (LDL) and very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL), atherogenic index and Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (IR-HOMA) were calculated. Statistical analysis was conducted using Wilcoxon signed-rank test, Mann-Whitney U-test, and chi-squared test. Differences were considered statistically significant at p < 0.05. Results: A total of 114 patients (59M/55F) with schizophrenia were examined; they were divided into two groups with (n = 43; 37.7%) and without (n = 71; 62.3%) MetS. After a 6-week SGA treatment, only the total fat fold, waist circumference, triglyceride level, and atherogenic index underwent statistically significant changes in patients with MetS. In those without MetS, statistically significant changes across all fat indicators were noted. Also, a significant increase in blood glucose and HOMA-IR parameters, triglyceride, and VLDL levels and atherogenic index was observed in this group. Discussion: The study illustrates the benefits of estimating both anthropometric and biochemical parameters shortly after (re)installing treatment of schizophrenia in order to minimize the risk of MetS development

Body Fat Parameters, Glucose and Lipid Profiles, and Thyroid Hormone Levels in Schizophrenia Patients with or without Metabolic Syndrome

In this study, we aim to investigate associations between body fat parameters, glucose and lipid profiles, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and thyroid hormones (THs) levels in Tomsk-region schizophrenia patients depending upon the presence or absence of metabolic syndrome (MetS). A total of 156 psychiatric inpatients with schizophrenia who had been treated with antipsychotics for at least six months before entry were studied: 56 with and 100 without MetS. Reference groups consisted of general hospital inpatients with MetS and without schizophrenia (n = 35) and healthy individuals (n = 35). Statistical analyses were performed using the Mann-Whitney U-test, chi-square test, Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, multiple regression analyses, and descriptive statistics. Patients with schizophrenia and MetS had significantly higher levels of free triiodothyronine (FT3) and thyroxine (FT4) compared to schizophrenia patients without MetS (3.68 [3.25; 5.50] vs. 3.24 [2.81; 3.66], p = 0.0001, and 12.68 [10.73; 15.54] vs. 10.81 [9.76; 12.3], p = 0.0001, in pmol/L, respectively). FT3 maintained an association with MetS (p = 0.0001), sex (p = 0.0001), age (p = 0.022), and high-density lipoproteins (p = 0.033). FT4 maintained an association with MetS (p = 0.0001), sex (p = 0.001), age (p = 0.014), and glucose (p = 0.009). The data obtained showed body fat parameters, glucose and lipid profiles, and THs levels in Western-Siberian schizophrenia patients depending on MetS presence or absence

Модификация радиоиндуцированной патологии легких интратрахеальным введением фосфатидилхолинхолестериновых липосом

The possibility of correction of X -ray-induced rat lungs pathology was investigated after a single intratracheal administration of phosphatidylcholine-cholesterol liposomes in dose 40 mg per kg of body weight. The rig h t rat lung was irradiated in dose 12 or 14 Gr once. The lung tissue underwent histological and electron -microscopic examination using morphometric methods in 7 and 13 weeks after irradiation. The decrease of intensity and extension of radial alveolitis was revealed. Ultrastructure alteration of some alveolocapillary barrier elements in treated animals was lower than in untreated ones. Intratracheal liposome administration can be used in complex therapy for the reduction of the severity of radio-induced lung injury.Исследовали возможность коррекции развития лучевой патологии легких крыс путем однократного интратрахеального введения фосфатидилхолин-холестериновых липосом в дозе 40 м г фосфолипидов на 1 кг. Правое легкое крыс однократно облучали в дозах 12 или 14 Гр. Через 7 и 13 недель после лучевого воздействия проведено гистологическое и электронно-микроскопическое исследование ткани легкого с применением морфометрических методов. Выявлено уменьшение выраженности и распространенности лучевого альвеолита, а также нарушений ультраструктуры элементов аэрогематического барьера у пролеченных животных. Интратрахеальное введение липосом может быть использовано в комплексной терапии для ослабления тяжести радиоиндуцированной патологии легких

Identification of a Small TAF Complex and Its Role in the Assembly of TAF-Containing Complexes

TFIID plays a role in nucleating RNA polymerase II preinitiation complex assembly on protein-coding genes. TFIID is a multisubunit complex comprised of the TATA box binding protein (TBP) and 14 TBP-associated factors (TAFs). Another class of multiprotein transcriptional regulatory complexes having histone acetyl transferase (HAT) activity, and containing TAFs, includes TFTC, STAGA and the PCAF/GCN5 complex. Looking for as yet undiscovered subunits by a proteomic approach, we had identified TAF8 and SPT7L in human TFTC preparations. Subsequently, however, we demonstrated that TAF8 was not a stable component of TFTC, but that it is present in a small TAF complex (SMAT), containing TAF8, TAF10 and SPT7L, that co-purified with TFTC. Thus, TAF8 is a subunit of both TFIID and SMAT. The latter has to be involved in a pathway of complex formation distinct from the other known TAF complexes, since these three histone fold (HF)-containing proteins (TAF8, TAF10 and SPT7L) can never be found together either in TFIID or in STAGA/TFTC HAT complexes. Here we show that TAF8 is absolutely necessary for the integration of TAF10 in a higher order TFIID core complex containing seven TAFs. TAF8 forms a heterodimer with TAF10 through its HF and proline rich domains, and also interacts with SPT7L through its C-terminal region, and the three proteins form a complex in vitro and in vivo. Thus, the TAF8-TAF10 and TAF10-SPT7L HF pairs, and also the SMAT complex, seem to be important regulators of the composition of different TFIID and/or STAGA/TFTC complexes in the nucleus and consequently may play a role in gene regulation

The WD-repeat protein superfamily in Arabidopsis: conservation and divergence in structure and function

BACKGROUND: The WD motif (also known as the Trp-Asp or WD40 motif) is found in a multitude of eukaryotic proteins involved in a variety of cellular processes. Where studied, repeated WD motifs act as a site for protein-protein interaction, and proteins containing WD repeats (WDRs) are known to serve as platforms for the assembly of protein complexes or mediators of transient interplay among other proteins. In the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, members of this superfamily are increasingly being recognized as key regulators of plant-specific developmental events. RESULTS: We analyzed the predicted complement of WDR proteins from Arabidopsis, and compared this to those from budding yeast, fruit fly and human to illustrate both conservation and divergence in structure and function. This analysis identified 237 potential Arabidopsis proteins containing four or more recognizable copies of the motif. These were classified into 143 distinct families, 49 of which contained more than one Arabidopsis member. Approximately 113 of these families or individual proteins showed clear homology with WDR proteins from the other eukaryotes analyzed. Where conservation was found, it often extended across all of these organisms, suggesting that many of these proteins are linked to basic cellular mechanisms. The functional characterization of conserved WDR proteins in Arabidopsis reveals that these proteins help adapt basic mechanisms for plant-specific processes. CONCLUSIONS: Our results show that most Arabidopsis WDR proteins are strongly conserved across eukaryotes, including those that have been found to play key roles in plant-specific processes, with diversity in function conferred at least in part by divergence in upstream signaling pathways, downstream regulatory targets and /or structure outside of the WDR regions

Management of intra-abdominal infections : recommendations by the WSES 2016 consensus conference

This paper reports on the consensus conference on the management of intra-abdominal infections (IAIs) which was held on July 23, 2016, in Dublin, Ireland, as a part of the annual World Society of Emergency Surgery (WSES) meeting. This document covers all aspects of the management of IAIs. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation recommendation is used, and this document represents the executive summary of the consensus conference findings.Peer reviewe

Transcription coactivator SAYP combines chromatin remodeler Brahma and transcription initiation factor TFIID into a single supercomplex

Transcription activation by RNA polymerase II is a complicated process driven by combined, precisely coordinated action of a wide array of coactivator complexes, which carry out chromatin-directed activities and nucleate the assembly of the preinitiation complex on the promoter. Using various techniques, we have shown the existence of a stable coactivator supercomplex consisting of the chromatin-remodeling factor Brahma (SWI/SNF) and the transcription initiation factor TFIID, named BTFly (Brahma and TFIID in one assembly). The coupling of Brahma and TFIID is mediated by the SAYP factor, whose evolutionarily conserved activation domain SAY can directly bind to both BAP170 subunit of Brahma and TAF5 subunit of TFIID. The integrity of BTFly is crucial for its ability to activate transcription. BTFly is distributed genome-wide and appears to be a means of effective transcription activation