Clients\u27 Experiences Giving Gifts to Therapists

Nine therapy clients were interviewed regarding their experiences of giving gifts to therapists. Data were analyzed using consensual qualitative research. In describing a specific event when they gave a gift that was accepted, participants described having a good relationship with the therapist and usually identified their therapy concerns as relationship or family struggles or both. Most bought a relatively inexpensive gift they thought their therapist would like and gave it during a nontermination session to express appreciation or mark an important life event. Most participants acknowledged mixed emotions when giving the gift and noted that any discussion of the gift was brief and did not explore its deeper meaning. Nevertheless, most participants perceived that gift events positively affected them and their therapists

State Of Progress Of Archaeological Researches In Empalme Querandíes 1 Site (Centre Of The Humid Pampas Subregion, Buenos Aires Province).

El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar el estado de avance de las distintas líneas de evidencia (geoambiental, cronología, tafonomía, subsistencia y tendencias tecnológicas) obtenidas a partir de las investigaciones arqueológicas llevadas a cabo en el sitio Empalme Querandíes 1 (centro de la subregión Pampa Húmeda, provincia de Buenos Aires). Los estudios estratigráficos y tafonómicos sugieren que el contexto presenta una baja integridad y resolución, abarcando diferentes eventos de ocupación del Holoceno tardío inicial (entre ca. 3100-2000 años AP). El análisis faunístico evidencia que el guanaco, el venado de las pampas, el ñandú y cuatro especies de armadillos formaron parte de la dieta. Asimismo, los restos óseos de por lo menos las dos primeras especies fueron utilizados como materia prima para confeccionar instrumentos. Respecto del material lítico, las rocas mejor representadas son la ortocuarcita y la ftanita, observándose diferencias en los objetivos de producción y en las estrategias vinculadas con su utilización. En el caso de la cerámica, se registró la presencia de tiestos no decorados y decorados con motivos geométricos. Las distintas líneas de evidencia sugieren que parte de las ocupaciones de este sitio multicomponente estarían vinculadas con loci de actividades múltiples de campamentos base.The aim of this article is to present the first results of an archaeological research performed at the site Empalme Querandies 1 (centre of the Humid Pampas sub-region, province of Buenos Aires). Consi- dering a multidisciplinary approach, different types of analyses were carried out (geoenvironmental, chronology, taphonomy, subsistence, and technological trends). Stratigraphic and taphonomic studies suggest that the assemblage has a low integrity and resolution, covering different occupation events corresponding to the early Late Holocene (ca. 3100 to 2000 years BP). Faunal analyses indicate that the guanaco, the pampean deer, the greater rhea, and four armadillo species were part of the diet. Mo- reover, bone remains of the first two species were also used as raw material to manufacture tools. The study of the lithic assemblage shows that orthoquartzite and chert are both well represented, but there are variations in the objectives of production and in the strategies associated with their use. In the case of the pottery, undecorated as well as geometrical decorated sherds were recovered. Finally, the diverse sorts of studies indicate that part of the occupations at this multicomponent site would be related to loci of multiple activities of base camps.Fil: Messineo, Pablo Geronimo. Consejo Nacional de Invest.cientif.y Tecnicas. Ctro Cientifico Tecnologico Conicet - Tandil. Investigaciones Arqueologicas y Paleontologicas del Cuaternario Pampeano; Argentina;Fil: Alvarez, María Clara. Consejo Nacional de Invest.cientif.y Tecnicas. Ctro Cientifico Tecnologico Conicet - Tandil. Investigaciones Arqueologicas y Paleontologicas del Cuaternario Pampeano; Argentina;Fil: Favier Dubois, Cristian Mario. Consejo Nacional de Invest.cientif.y Tecnicas. Ctro Cientifico Tecnologico Conicet - Tandil. Investigaciones Arqueologicas y Paleontologicas del Cuaternario Pampeano; Argentina;Fil: Steffan, Pamela Guillermina. Consejo Nacional de Invest.cientif.y Tecnicas. Ctro Cientifico Tecnologico Conicet - Tandil. Investigaciones Arqueologicas y Paleontologicas del Cuaternario Pampeano; Argentina;Fil: Colantonio, Maria Jose. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Bs.as.. Facultad de Cs.sociales; Consejo Nacional de Invest.cientif.y Tecnicas. Ctro Cientifico Tecnologico Conicet - Tandil. Investigaciones Arqueologicas y Paleontologicas del Cuaternario Pampeano; Argentina

Chimpanzees behave prosocially in a group-specific manner

Funding: EJCvL was funded by a Postdoctoral Fellowship awarded by the Research Foundation Flanders (FWO) and an ERC-Synergy Grant (no. 609819) awarded to JC.Chimpanzees act cooperatively in the wild, but whether they afford benefits to others, and whether their tendency to act prosocially varies across communities, is unclear. Here, we show that chimpanzees from neighboring communities provide valuable resources to group members at personal cost, and that the magnitude of their prosocial behavior is group specific. Provided with a resource-donation experiment allowing free (partner) choice, we observed an increase in prosocial acts across the study period in most of the chimpanzees. When group members could profit (test condition), chimpanzees provided resources more frequently and for longer durations than when their acts produced inaccessible resources (control condition). Strikingly, chimpanzees’ prosocial behavior was group specific, with more socially tolerant groups acting more prosocially. We conclude that chimpanzees may purposely behave prosocially toward group members, and that the notion of group-specific sociality in nonhuman animals should crucially inform discussions on the evolution of prosocial behavior.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe

Dynamics of the Microbiota in Response to Host Infection

Longitudinal studies of the microbiota are important for discovering changes in microbial communities that affect the host. The complexity of these ecosystems requires rigorous integrated experimental and computational methods to identify temporal signatures that promote physiologic or pathophysiologic responses in vivo. Employing a murine model of infectious colitis with the pathogen Citrobacter rodentium, we generated a 2-month time-series of 16S rDNA gene profiles, and quantitatively cultured commensals, from multiple intestinal sites in infected and uninfected mice. We developed a computational framework to discover time-varying signatures for individual taxa, and to automatically group signatures to identify microbial sub-communities within the larger gut ecosystem that demonstrate common behaviors. Application of this model to the 16S rDNA dataset revealed dynamic alterations in the microbiota at multiple levels of resolution, from effects on systems-level metrics to changes across anatomic sites for individual taxa and species. These analyses revealed unique, time-dependent microbial signatures associated with host responses at different stages of colitis. Signatures included a Mucispirillum OTU associated with early disruption of the colonic surface mucus layer, prior to the onset of symptomatic colitis, and members of the Clostridiales and Lactobacillales that increased with successful resolution of inflammation, after clearance of the pathogen. Quantitative culture data validated findings for predominant species, further refining and strengthening model predictions. These findings provide new insights into the complex behaviors found within host ecosystems, and define several time-dependent microbial signatures that may be leveraged in studies of other infectious or inflammatory conditions

The common-866G > A variant in the promoter of UCP2 is associated with decreased risk of coronary artery disease in type 2 diabetic men

OBJECTIVE-Uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) is a physiological downregulator of reactive oxygen species generation and plays an antiatherogenic role in the vascular wall. A common variant in the UCP2 promoter (-866G>A) modulates mRNA expression, with increased expression associated with the A allele. We investigated association of this variant with coronary artery disease (CAD) in two cohorts of type 2 diabetic subjects.RESEARCH DESIGN and METHODS-We studied 3,122 subjects from the 6-year prospective Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes, Hypertension, Microalbuminuria, Cardiovascular Events, and Ramipril (DIABHYCAR) Study (14.9% of CAD incidence at follow-up). An independent, hospital-based cohort of 335 men, 52% of whom had CAD, was also studied.RESULTS-We observed an inverse association of the A allele with incident cases of CAD in a dominant model (hazard risk 0.88 [95% CI 0.80-0.96]; P = 0.006). Similar results were observed for baseline cases of CAD. Stratification by sex confirmed an allelic association with CAD in men, whereas no association was observed in women. All CAD phenotypes considered-myocardial infarction, angina pectoris, coronary artery bypass graft (CABG), and sudden death-contributed significantly to the association. Results were replicated in a cross-sectional study of an independent cohort (odds ratio 0.47 [95% CI 0.25-0.89]; P = 0.02 for a recessive model).CONCLUSIONS-The A allele of the -866G>A variant of UCP2 was associated with reduced risk of CAD in men with type 2 diabetes in a 6-year prospective study. Decreased risk of myocardial infarction, angina pectoris, CABG, and sudden death contributed individually and significantly to the reduction of CAD risk. This association was independent of other common CAD risk factors.INSERM, Fac Med Xavier Bichat, U695, F-75018 Paris, FranceCochin Hosp, AP HP, Dept Immunol & Diabetol, Paris, FranceUniv São Paulo, Lab Cellular & Mol Endocrinol, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Mol Endocrinol Lab, São Paulo, BrazilFed Fac Fdn Med Sci Porto Alegre, Post Grad Program Med Sci, Porto Alegre, RS, BrazilHop La Pitie Salpetriere, Dept Cardiol, AP HP, Paris, FranceUniv Paris 07, Paris, FranceUniv Paris 05, Paris, FranceUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Mol Endocrinol Lab, São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc

Preliminary results of studies at the Laguna de los Pampas site (Lincoln canton, Buenos Aires Province)

En este trabajo se presentan los primeros resultados de las investigaciones efectuadas durante tareas de rescate arqueológico en la Laguna de los Pampas (Figura 1a), localizada en el sudeste del partido de Lincoln (provincia de Buenos Aires). Los restos fueron descubiertos en febrero de 2008 por el Sr. Ramón Coria, vecino de la localidad cercana de Coronel Martínez de Hoz, cuando visitó la laguna y en diciembre del mismo año, dos de los autores (GP y PM) constataron la importancia de los hallazgos y rescataron aquellos que estaban más comprometidos (e.g., los restos humanos). Posteriormente, entre febrero y marzo de 2009, se realizó una recolección superficial, se sondearon varios sectores próximos a la barranca de la laguna y se excavó un esqueleto, que fue denominado Entierro 1. La mayoría de los restos se encontraban en superficie, debido a la dinámica lagunar que provocó la erosión de las barrancas durante la crecida y la posterior reexposición cuando se redujo el cuerpo de agua.Sociedad Argentina de Antropologí

An integrated analysis of surface velocities induced by rainfall in the Séchilienne landslide (Western Alps, France)

International audienceAn integrated analysis on the relationship between rainfall and displacement in the most active area of the Séchilienne unstable slope was performed. This study combines several techniques and models to adequately reproduce the landslide movement induced by the rainfall. The analysis of available time series shows a long term trend and seasonal variations in the displacement, respectively independent and synchronous to precipitations. In particular wavelet analysis highlights that the movement is rather linked to groundwater recharge than to precipitation (rainfall + snowfall), involving then the importance of groundwater process in the area. A first and simple relationship between the water input and the fluctuations of displacements apart from the general trend is shown using a tank model. Moreover, a seasonal analysis of this relationship was performed, showing that displacement rate follows the behavior of the hydrological cycle. Two different models were applied to the long temporal series of extensometric and precipitation data: the FLAME model, from BRGM and the FORESEES model, from Univ. Lausanne. These tools are based on a combined statistical-mechanical approach to predict changes in landslide displacement rates from observed changes in precipitation amounts. The forecasting tool FLAME associates 1) a statistical impulse response (IR) model to simulate the changes in landslide rates by computing a transfer function between the rainfall and the displacements, and 2) a 1D mechanical (ME) model (e.g. visco-plastic rheology), in order to take into account changes in pore water pressures. The performance of different combinations of models was evaluated against observed displacement rates at the selected pilot study area. Our results indicate that both models are able to reproduce, with a high degree of accuracy, the observed displacement pattern in the general kinematic regime. Finally the variability of the results, depending in particular on the input data, is discussed

Aportes del estudio de los procesos de formación de sitio para el análisis de los restos humanos del sitio Laguna Muscar 2 (Lamadrid, Buenos Aires)

En este trabajo se presentan los resultados del análisis de un entierro humano altamente perturbado, recuperado en el sitio Laguna Muscar 2 (partido de Gral. Lamadrid, provincia de Buenos Aires). Los principales objetivos fueron caracterizar el entierro, determinar la modalidad del mismo y evaluar los procesos de formación responsables de su configuración final. Para esto se llevó a cabo la identificación y cuantificación de las unidades anatómicas, en conjunto con el estudio de las modificaciones tafonómicas y la distribución espacial de los elementos en la matriz sedimentaria. Los resultados indicaron que el entierro estaba conformado por un individuo femenino adulto, con deformación craneana artificial de tipo tabular erecta planofrontal y presencia de algunas patologías degenerativas. La modalidad de entierro fue determinada como primaria y el fechado radiocarbónico efectuado arrojó una edad de ca. 2500 años C14 AP. Los resultados mostraron la importancia de implementar el estudio de los procesos de formación en el análisis de conjuntos perturbados por animales de hábitos fosoriales. Finalmente, estos datos fueron discutidos junto con los estudios disponibles para la microrregión de la cuenca del arroyo Salado.In this article we present the results of the analysis of a significantly disturbed human burial, recovered at the archaeological site Laguna Muscar 2 (Lamadrid County, province of Buenos Aires). The main objectives were to characterize the burial, to determine the burial type, and to evaluate the site formation processes that were responsible for its final configuration. To achieve these goals, all the anatomical units were identified and quantified, taphonomic modifications were registered, and the spatial distribution of the elements in the sedimentary matrix was studied. The results indicated that the burial was composed by an adult female individual, with artificial (planofrontal) cranial deformation and some degenerative pathology. The type of burial was determined as primary and the radiocarbon date indicated an age of ca. 2500 years C14 AP. The results showed the importance of implementing the study of formation processes when analyzing assemblages disturbed by fossorial animals. Finally, the resulting data were discussed together with the studies available for the microregion of the Salado creek basin.Fil: Kaufmann, Cristian Ariel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tandil. Investigaciones Arqueológicas y Paleontológicas del Cuaternario Pampeano. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Investigaciones Arqueológicas y Paleontológicas del Cuaternario Pampeano; ArgentinaFil: Bellinzoni, Jonathan. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Sociales. Departamento de Arqueología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tandil; ArgentinaFil: Alvarez, María Clara. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tandil. Investigaciones Arqueológicas y Paleontológicas del Cuaternario Pampeano. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Investigaciones Arqueológicas y Paleontológicas del Cuaternario Pampeano; ArgentinaFil: Gonzalez, Mariela Edith. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tandil. Investigaciones Arqueológicas y Paleontológicas del Cuaternario Pampeano. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Investigaciones Arqueológicas y Paleontológicas del Cuaternario Pampeano; ArgentinaFil: Favier Dubois, Cristian Mario. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tandil. Investigaciones Arqueológicas y Paleontológicas del Cuaternario Pampeano. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Investigaciones Arqueológicas y Paleontológicas del Cuaternario Pampeano; ArgentinaFil: Barros, Maria Paula. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tandil. Investigaciones Arqueológicas y Paleontológicas del Cuaternario Pampeano. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Investigaciones Arqueológicas y Paleontológicas del Cuaternario Pampeano; Argentin

An integrated analysis of surface velocities induced by rainfall in the Séchilienne landslide (Western Alps, France)

International audienceAn integrated analysis on the relationship between rainfall and displacement in the most active area of the Séchilienne unstable slope was performed. This study combines several techniques and models to adequately reproduce the landslide movement induced by the rainfall. The analysis of available time series shows a long term trend and seasonal variations in the displacement, respectively independent and synchronous to precipitations. In particular wavelet analysis highlights that the movement is rather linked to groundwater recharge than to precipitation (rainfall + snowfall), involving then the importance of groundwater process in the area. A first and simple relationship between the water input and the fluctuations of displacements apart from the general trend is shown using a tank model. Moreover, a seasonal analysis of this relationship was performed, showing that displacement rate follows the behavior of the hydrological cycle. Two different models were applied to the long temporal series of extensometric and precipitation data: the FLAME model, from BRGM and the FORESEES model, from Univ. Lausanne. These tools are based on a combined statistical-mechanical approach to predict changes in landslide displacement rates from observed changes in precipitation amounts. The forecasting tool FLAME associates 1) a statistical impulse response (IR) model to simulate the changes in landslide rates by computing a transfer function between the rainfall and the displacements, and 2) a 1D mechanical (ME) model (e.g. visco-plastic rheology), in order to take into account changes in pore water pressures. The performance of different combinations of models was evaluated against observed displacement rates at the selected pilot study area. Our results indicate that both models are able to reproduce, with a high degree of accuracy, the observed displacement pattern in the general kinematic regime. Finally the variability of the results, depending in particular on the input data, is discussed