673 research outputs found
The diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder in school-aged children and adolescents following pediatric intensive care unit admission
Objectives: This study explored the diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in children and adolescents following pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) admission. Specifically, the study aimed to describe the presentation and prevalence of PTSD symptoms 6 months postdischarge, explore the validity of the DSM-IV PTSD algorithm and alternative PTSD algorithm (PTSD-AA) in school-aged children and adolescents, and examine the diagnostic utility of Criterion C3 (inability to recall aspects of a trauma) in this cohort
Crucial Positively Charged Residues for Ligand Activation of the GPR35 Receptor
GPR35 is a G protein-coupled receptor expressed in the immune, gastrointestinal, and nervous systems in gastric carcinomas and is implicated in heart failure and pain perception. We investigated residues in GPR35 responsible for ligand activation and the receptor structure in the active state. GPR35 contains numerous positively charged amino acids that face into the binding pocket that cluster in two distinct receptor regions, TMH3-4-5-6 and TMH1-2-7. Computer modeling implicated TMH3-4-5-6 for activation by the GPR35 agonists zaprinast and pamoic acid. Mutation results for the TMH1-2-7 region of GPR35 showed no change in ligand efficacies at the K1.32A, R2.65A, R7.33A, and K7.40A mutants. However, mutation of arginine residues in the TMH3-4-5-6 region (R4.60, R6.58, R3.36, R(164), and R(167) in the EC2 loop) had effects on signaling for one or both agonists tested. R4.60A resulted in a total ablation of agonist-induced activation in both the ÎČ-arrestin trafficking and ERK1/2 activation assays. R6.58A increased the potency of zaprinast 30-fold in the pERK assay. The R(167)A mutant decreased the potency of pamoic acid in the ÎČ-arrestin trafficking assay. The R(164)A and R(164)L mutants decreased potencies of both agonists. Similar trends for R6.58A and R(167)A were observed in calcium responses. Computer modeling showed that the R6.58A mutant has additional interactions with zaprinast. R3.36A did not express on the cell surface but was trapped in the cytoplasm. The lack of surface expression of R3.36A was rescued by a GPR35 antagonist, CID2745687. These results clearly show that R4.60, R(164), R(167), and R6.58 play crucial roles in the agonist initiated activation of GPR35
Understanding the redshift evolution of the luminosity functions of Lyman-alpha emitters
We present a semi-analytical model of star formation which explains
simultaneously the observed UV luminosity function of high redshift Lyman break
galaxies (LBGs) and luminosity functions of Lyman-alpha emitters. We consider
both models that use the Press-Schechter (PS) and Sheth-Tormen (ST) halo mass
functions to calculate the abundances of dark matter halos. The Lyman-alpha
luminosity functions at z < 4 are well reproduced with only <10% of the LBGs
emitting Lyman-alpha lines with rest equivalent width greater than the limiting
equivalent width of the narrow band surveys. However, the observed luminosity
function at z > 5 can be reproduced only when we assume that nearly all LBGs
are Lyman-alpha emitters. Thus it appears that 4 < z < 5 marks the epoch when a
clear change occurs in the physical properties of the high redshift galaxies.
As Lyman-alpha escape depends on dust and gas kinematics of the inter stellar
medium (ISM), this could mean that on an average the ISM at z > 5 could be less
dusty, more clumpy and having more complex velocity field. All of these will
enable easier escape of the Lyman-alpha photons. At z > 5 the observed
Lyman-alpha luminosity function are well reproduced with the evolution in the
halo mass function along with very minor evolution in the physical properties
of high redshift galaxies. In particular, upto z = 6.5, we do not see the
effect of evolving inter galactic medium (IGM) opacity on the Lyman-alpha
escape from these galaxies.Comment: 9 pages, 4 figures, 2 tables, Accepted for publication in MNRA
Feasibility and acceptability of NIDUS-professional, a training and support intervention for homecare workers caring for clients living with dementia: a cluster-randomised feasibility trial.
INTRODUCTION: In the first randomised controlled trial of a dementia training and support intervention in UK homecare agencies, we aimed to assess: acceptability of our co-designed, manualised training, delivered by non-clinical facilitators; outcome completion feasibility; and costs for a future trial. METHODS: This cluster-randomised (2:1) single-blind, feasibility trial involved English homecare agencies. Intervention arm agency staff were offered group videocall sessions: 6 over 3 months, then monthly for 3 months (NIDUS-professional). Family carers (henceforth carers) and clients with dementia (dyads) were offered six to eight complementary, individual intervention sessions (NIDUS-Family). We collected potential trial measures as secondary outcomes remotely at baseline and 6 months: HCW (homecare worker) Work-related Strain Inventory (WRSI), Sense of Competence (SoC); proxy-rated Quality of Life (QOL), Disability Assessment for Dementia scale (DAD), Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) and Homecare Satisfaction (HCS). RESULTS: From December 2021 to September 2022, we met agency (4 intervention, 2 control) and HCWs (nâ=â62) recruitment targets and recruited 16 carers and 16/60 planned clients. We met a priori progression criteria for adherence (â„4/6 sessions: 29/44 [65.9%,95% confidence interval (CI): 50.1,79.5]), HCW or carer proxy-outcome completion (15/16 (93.8% [69.8,99.8]) and proceeding with adaptation for HCWs outcome completion (46/63 (73.0% [CI: 60.3,83.4]). Delivery of NIDUS-Professional costs was ÂŁ6,423 (ÂŁ137 per eligible client). WRSI scores decreased and SoC increased at follow-up, with no significant between-group differences. For intervention arm proxy-rated outcomes, carer-rated QOL increased, HCW-rated was unchanged; carer and HCW-rated NPI decreased; DAD decreased (greater disability) and HCS was unchanged. CONCLUSION: A pragmatic trial is warranted; we will consider using aggregated, agency-level client outcomes, including neuropsychiatric symptoms
Tobias Smollett and the work of writing
This essay offers an overview of the state of Smollett Studies today. It is also an argument about what makes Tobias Smollett interesting. It therefore seeks to avoid the value judgments about âEnglish literatureâ that have dogged Smollett's reputation (ever since âEnglish literatureâ was invented) and restore him to the âwork of writingâ in which he was engaged. The essay thus provides an account of the wideâranging nature of his work in order to balance a previous critical emphasis on his novels. It includes some views of his role as a translator, historian, critic, editor, and, perhaps more provocatively, âhack.â Recent studies in eighteenthâcentury print culture and the (Scottish) Enlightenment point the way to a new Smollett, at work within a messier history of writing
A Measurement of the Interference Structure Function, R_LT, for the 12C(e,e'p) reaction in the Quasielastic Region
The coincidence cross-section and the interference structure function, R_LT,
were measured for the 12C(e,e'p) 11B reaction at quasielastic kinematics and
central momentum transfer of q=400 MeV/c. The measurement was at an opening
angle of theta_pq=11 degrees, covering a range in missing energy of E_m = 0 to
65 MeV. The R_LT structure function is found to be consistent with zero for E_m
> 50 MeV, confirming an earlier study which indicated that R_L vanishes in this
region. The integrated strengths of the p- and s-shell are compared with a
Distorted Wave Impulse Approximation calculation. The s-shell strength and
shape are compared with a Hartree Fock-Random Phase Approximation calculation.
The DWIA calculation overestimates the cross sections for p- and s-shell proton
knockout as expected, but surprisingly agrees with the extracted R_LT value for
both shells. The HF-RPA calculation describes the data more consistently, which
may be due to the inclusion of 2-body currents in this calculation.Comment: 8 Pages LaTex, 5 postscript figures. Submitted to Phys. Rev.
Keck spectroscopic survey of strongly lensed galaxies in Abell 1703: further evidence for a relaxed, unimodal cluster
Strong gravitational lensing is a unique tool to model with great accuracy
the inner mass distribution of massive galaxy clusters. In particular, clusters
with large Einstein radii provide a wealth of multiply imaged systems in the
cluster core allowing to determine precisely the shape of the central dark
matter profile. This paper presents a spectroscopic survey in the massive
cluster Abell 1703, displaying a large Einstein radius (28" at z=2.8) and a
high number of strongly-lensed systems including a central ring-like
configuration. We used LRIS on Keck to target multiple images and lensed galaxy
candidates, and use the measured redshifts to constrain the mass distribution
of the cluster using a parametric model. The data enable us to measure accurate
redshifts in good agreement with their photometric redshifts, and to update the
identification of multiply imaged systems by discovering 3 new systems and a
radial counter image. We also report the discovery of a remarkably bright ~3.6
L* i-band dropout at z=5.827 in our mask which is only moderately magnified by
the cluster (~3.0+/-0.08). The improved parametric mass model, including 16
multiple systems with 10 spectroscopic redshifts, further constrains the
cluster-scale mass distribution with a generalized NFW profile of best-fit
logarithmic slope alpha=0.92+/-0.04, concentration c200=4.72+/-0.40 and scale
radius rs=476+/-45 kpc. Our strong-lensing model predicts a large scale shear
signal consistent with Subaru weak-lensing measurements out to 4 Mpc h^-1.
Together with the fact that the strong-lensing modeling requires a single dark
matter clump, this suggests that Abell 1703 is a relaxed, unimodal cluster.
This unique cluster could be probed further using deep X-ray, SZ and dynamics
analysis, for a detailed study of the physics in a relaxed cluster. (abridged)Comment: 11 pages, 6 figures, accepted for publication in A&A. Replaced with
accepted versio
The Giant Lavas of Kalkarindji: rubbly pÄhoehoe lava in an ancient continental flood basalt province
The Kalkarindji continental flood basalt province of northern Australia erupted in the mid Cambrian (c. 511-505 Ma). It now consists of scattered basaltic lava fields, the most extensive being the Antrim Plateau Volcanics (APV) - a semi-continuous outcrop (c. 50,000 km2) reaching a maximum thickness of 1.1 km. Cropping out predominately in the SW of the APV, close to the top of the basalt succession, lies the Blackfella Rockhole Member (BRM). Originally described as âbasaltic agglomerateâ the BRM has, in recent years, been assumed to be explosive tephra of phreatomagmatic origin, thus providing a potent vehicle for volatile release to the upper atmosphere. Our detailed field investigations reveal that this basaltic agglomerate is, in reality, giant rubble collections (15 - 20 m thick) forming the upper crusts of rubbly pÄhoehoe lava units 25 - 40 m thick; covering 18,000 - 72,000 km2 and an estimated volume of 1,500 - 19,200 km3. These flows, rheologically but not chemically, distinct from the majority of Kalkarindji lavas, indicate a fundamental change in eruption dynamics. A low volatile content, induced high amounts of pre-eruptive degassing causing super-cooling and an increase in crystal nucleation and viscosity. A more viscous lava and a consistently faster rate of effusion (analogous to that of Laki, Iceland) created the flow dynamics necessary to disturb the lava crust to the extent seen in the BRM. Volatile release is estimated at 1.65 x 104 - 2.11 x 105 Tg total CO2 at a rate of 867 Tg a- 1 and 9.07 x 103 - 1.16 x 105 Tg SO2 at 476.50 Tg a- 1. These masses accounted for 0.5% of Cambrian atmospheric conditions whilst limiting factors reduced the effect of volatile delivery to the atmosphere, thus any potential global impact caused by these flows alone was minimal
Phox2b function in the enteric nervous system is conserved in zebrafish and is sox10-dependent
Zebrafish lacking functional sox10 have defects in non-ectomesenchymal neural crest derivatives including the enteric nervous system (ENS) and as such provide an animal model for human Waardenburg Syndrome IV. Here, we characterize zebrafish phox2b as a functionally conserved marker of the developing ENS. We show that morpholino-mediated knockdown of Phox2b generates fish modeling Hirschsprung disease. Using markers, including phox2b, we investigate the ontogeny of the sox10 ENS phenotype. As previously shown for melanophore development, ENS progenitor fate specification fails in these mutant fish. However, in addition, we trace back the sox10 mutant ENS defect to an even earlier time point, finding that most neural crest cells fail to migrate ventrally to the gut primordium. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.Medical Research Council [G0300415
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