1,647 research outputs found
Modelling the effects of CO2 on C3 and C4 grass competition during the mid-Pleistocene transition in South Africa
Palaeoenvironmental reconstructions of the interior of South Africa show a wetter environment than today and a non-analogous vegetation structure in the Early Pleistocene. This includes the presence of grasses following both C3 and C4 photosynthetic pathways, whereas C3 grasses decline after the mid-Pleistocene transition (MPT, c. 1.2–0.8 Ma). However, the local terrestrial proxy record cannot distinguish between the potential drivers of these vegetation changes. In this study we show that low glacial CO2 levels, similar to those at the MPT, lead to the local decline of C3 grasses under conditions of decreased water availability, using a vegetation model (LPX) driven by Atmosphere–Ocean coupled General Climate Model climate reconstructions. We modelled vegetation for glacial climates under different levels of CO2 and fire regimes and find evidence that a combination of low CO2 and changed seasonality is driving the changes in grass cover, whereas fire has little influence on the ratio of C3:C4 grasses. Our results suggest the prevalence of a less vegetated landscape with limited, seasonal water availability, which could potentially explain the much sparser mid-Pleistocene archaeological record in the southern Kalahari
M\"obius and twisted graphene nanoribbons: stability, geometry and electronic properties
Results of classical force field geometry optimizations for twisted graphene
nanoribbons with a number of twists varying from 0 to 7 (the case =1
corresponds to a half-twist M\"obius nanoribbon) are presented in this work.
Their structural stability was investigated using the Brenner reactive force
field. The best classical molecular geometries were used as input for
semiempirical calculations, from which the electronic properties (energy
levels, HOMO, LUMO orbitals) were computed for each structure. CI wavefunctions
were also calculated in the complete active space framework taking into account
eigenstates from HOMO-4 to LUMO+4, as well as the oscillator strengths
corresponding to the first optical transitions in the UV-VIS range. The lowest
energy molecules were found less symmetric than initial configurations, and the
HOMO-LUMO energy gaps are larger than the value found for the nanographene used
to build them due to electronic localization effects created by the twisting. A
high number of twists leads to a sharp increase of the HOMO LUMO
transition energy. We suggest that some twisted nanoribbons could form crystals
stabilized by dipolar interactions
Hamilton-Jacobi Method and Effective Actions of D-brane and M-brane in Supergravity
We show that the effective actions of D-brane and M-brane are solutions to
the Hamilton-Jacobi (H-J) equations in supergravities. This fact means that
these effective actions are on-shell actions in supergravities. These solutions
to the H-J equations reproduce the supergravity solutions that represent
D-branes in a field, M2 branes and the M2-M5 bound states. The effective
actions in these solutions are those of a probe D-brane and a probe M-brane.
Our findings can be applied to the study of the gauge/gravity correspondence,
especially the holographic renormalization group, and a search for new
solutions of supergravity.Comment: 35 pages, introduction is revised, references added, to appear in
Nucl. Phys.
Vocabulário online: app de atividades para fixação de vocabulário utilizando flashcards e o fenômeno da reminiscência
Orientador: Jaime WojciechowskiTrabalho (Graduação) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Educação Profissional e Tecnológica, Curso de Tecnologia em Análise e Desenvolvimento de Sistemas
Macroscopic loop amplitudes in the multi-cut two-matrix models
Multi-cut critical points and their macroscopic loop amplitudes are studied
in the multi-cut two-matrix models, based on an extension of the prescription
developed by Daul, Kazakov and Kostov. After identifying possible critical
points and potentials in the multi-cut matrix models, we calculate the
macroscopic loop amplitudes in the Z_k symmetric background. With a natural
large N ansatz for the matrix Lax operators, a sequence of new solutions for
the amplitudes in the Z_k symmetric k-cut two-matrix models are obtained, which
are realized by the Jacobi polynomials.Comment: 46 pages, 3 figures; v2: 51 pages, 7 figures, notations changed,
explanations in Section 2.4 extended, figures for topology of the curves
added, Appendix E added, final version to appear in Nucl. Phys.
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