Supervivencia y factores pronóstico asociados, en pacientes pediátricos ventilados artificialmente de forma invasiva

Invasive mechanical ventilation is mainly used as a lifesaving bridge in patients with spontaneous breathing failure. Over a two-years period (2015-2016) it was performed a prospective cohort study in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit of Bayamo, Granma. The main goal was to determine survival and prognosis associated factors, in ventilated children.  Population: 72 children between 29 days and 14 years old mechanically ventilated, Sample: the 62 patients who met inclusion criteria.  Studied variables: dependent (survival) and not dependent (prognosis factors: demographic and clinical variables, and related to oxygenation and ventilator parameters variables). Survival was determined, prognosis factors related to children condition on days 7, 14, 21 and 28, were described. Uni and multivariate analysis were done, Cox´s proportional risks model, absolute and relative frequencys were used. For each factor a significant HR hypothesis >1 was proved, results were considered statistically significant if the p value was ≤ 0, 05 (CI 95%). Survival was 72, 6%. In univariate analysis, complications (HR: 9, 807, p: 0, 000, CI: 95%   2,800-34,344) and use of tidal volume >8ml/Kg (HR: 4,466, p: 0, 02 CI: 95% 1,707 – 11,684) were associated with increased risk of death. In multivariate analysis, the only factor independently associated to death was the presence of complications during invasive mechanical ventilation (p: 0,007, HR: 6,405, IC: 95% 1,660-24.71). It was concluded that most patients of this cohort survived, and the appearance of complications was the factor that predicts less survival.La ventilación mecánica invasiva se utiliza prioritariamente para ayudar a conservar la vida a pacientes con fallo de la respiración espontánea. Durante el bienio 2015-2016, se realizó un estudio analítico de cohortes en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Pediátricos de Bayamo, con el objetivo de determinar supervivencia y factores pronóstico asociados, en niños ventilados. Universo: 72 niños de 29 días a 14 años ventilados, muestra: los 62 que cumplieron criterios de inclusión. Variables estudiadas: dependiente (supervivencia) e independientes (factores pronóstico: variables demográficas y clínicas, y variables relacionadas con la oxigenación y los parámetros ventilatorios). Se determinó supervivencia, se describieron factores pronóstico relacionados con estado de los niños (7,14, 21 y 28 días), se realizó análisis uni y multivariado, con empleo de frecuencias absolutas, relativas y del modelo de riesgos proporcionales de Cox. Para cada factor se probó hipótesis de HR es significativo mayor que 1, con nivel de significación estadística del 5 % (p ≤ 0,05) e IC 95%. La supervivencia fue de  72,6%. En análisis univariado, las complicaciones (HR:9,807, p: 0,000, IC: 95%  2,800-34,344) y el uso de volúmenes  tidales>8ml/Kg (HR:4,466,  p:0,02  IC: 95%  1,707 – 11,684) se asociaron con mayor riesgo de morir; en el multivariado, el único factor que se asoció de forma independiente a mortalidad fue la presencia de  complicaciones durante la ventilación mecánica invasiva (p:0,007, HR:6,405,  IC:95%  1,660-24.71).Se concluyó que la mayoría de los pacientes de esta cohorte sobrevivió, la aparición de complicaciones se convirtió en el factor  que predice menor supervivencia

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Depto. de Escultura y Formación ArtísticaFac. de Bellas ArtesFALSEsubmitte

Best Treatment Option for Patients With Refractory Aggressive B-Cell Lymphoma in the CAR-T Cell Era: Real-World Evidence From GELTAMO/GETH Spanish Groups

Real-world evidence comparing the efficacy of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy against that of the previous standard of care (SOC) for refractory large B-cell lymphoma (LBCL) is scarce. We retrospectively collected data from patients with LBCL according to SCHOLAR-1 criteria treated with commercial CAR T-cell therapy in Spain (204 patients included and 192 treated, 101 with axicabtagene ciloleucel [axi-cel], and 91 with tisagenlecleucel [tisa-cel]) and compared the results with a historical refractory population of patients (n = 81) obtained from the GELTAMO-IPI study. We observed superior efficacy for CAR-T therapy (for both axi-cel and tisa-cel) over pSOC, with longer progression-free survival (PFS) (median of 5.6 vs. 4-6 months, p <= 0.001) and overall survival (OS) (median of 15 vs. 8 months, p < 0.001), independently of other prognostic factors (HR: 0.59 (95% CI: 0.44-0.80); p < 0.001] for PFS, and 0.45 [(95% CI: 0.31-0.64)] for OS). Within the CAR-T cohort, axi-cel showed longer PFS (median of 7.3 versus 2.8 months, respectively, p = 0.027) and OS (58% versus 42% at 12 months, respectively, p = 0.048) than tisa-cel. These differences were maintained in the multivariable analysis. On the other hand, axi-cel was independently associated with a higher risk of severe cytokine release syndrome and neurotoxicity. Our results suggest that the efficacy of CAR-T cell therapy is superior to pSOC in the real-world setting. Furthermore, axi-cel could be superior in efficacy to tisa-cel, although more toxic, in this group of refractory patients according to SCHOLAR-1 criteria

Evolving trends in the management of acute appendicitis during COVID-19 waves. The ACIE appy II study

Background: In 2020, ACIE Appy study showed that COVID-19 pandemic heavily affected the management of patients with acute appendicitis (AA) worldwide, with an increased rate of non-operative management (NOM) strategies and a trend toward open surgery due to concern of virus transmission by laparoscopy and controversial recommendations on this issue. The aim of this study was to survey again the same group of surgeons to assess if any difference in management attitudes of AA had occurred in the later stages of the outbreak. Methods: From August 15 to September 30, 2021, an online questionnaire was sent to all 709 participants of the ACIE Appy study. The questionnaire included questions on personal protective equipment (PPE), local policies and screening for SARS-CoV-2 infection, NOM, surgical approach and disease presentations in 2021. The results were compared with the results from the previous study. Results: A total of 476 answers were collected (response rate 67.1%). Screening policies were significatively improved with most patients screened regardless of symptoms (89.5% vs. 37.4%) with PCR and antigenic test as the preferred test (74.1% vs. 26.3%). More patients tested positive before surgery and commercial systems were the preferred ones to filter smoke plumes during laparoscopy. Laparoscopic appendicectomy was the first option in the treatment of AA, with a declined use of NOM. Conclusion: Management of AA has improved in the last waves of pandemic. Increased evidence regarding SARS-COV-2 infection along with a timely healthcare systems response has been translated into tailored attitudes and a better care for patients with AA worldwide

Familial hypercholesterolaemia in children and adolescents from 48 countries: a cross-sectional study

Background: Approximately 450 000 children are born with familial hypercholesterolaemia worldwide every year, yet only 2·1% of adults with familial hypercholesterolaemia were diagnosed before age 18 years via current diagnostic approaches, which are derived from observations in adults. We aimed to characterise children and adolescents with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia (HeFH) and understand current approaches to the identification and management of familial hypercholesterolaemia to inform future public health strategies. Methods: For this cross-sectional study, we assessed children and adolescents younger than 18 years with a clinical or genetic diagnosis of HeFH at the time of entry into the Familial Hypercholesterolaemia Studies Collaboration (FHSC) registry between Oct 1, 2015, and Jan 31, 2021. Data in the registry were collected from 55 regional or national registries in 48 countries. Diagnoses relying on self-reported history of familial hypercholesterolaemia and suspected secondary hypercholesterolaemia were excluded from the registry; people with untreated LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) of at least 13·0 mmol/L were excluded from this study. Data were assessed overall and by WHO region, World Bank country income status, age, diagnostic criteria, and index-case status. The main outcome of this study was to assess current identification and management of children and adolescents with familial hypercholesterolaemia. Findings: Of 63 093 individuals in the FHSC registry, 11 848 (18·8%) were children or adolescents younger than 18 years with HeFH and were included in this study; 5756 (50·2%) of 11 476 included individuals were female and 5720 (49·8%) were male. Sex data were missing for 372 (3·1%) of 11 848 individuals. Median age at registry entry was 9·6 years (IQR 5·8-13·2). 10 099 (89·9%) of 11 235 included individuals had a final genetically confirmed diagnosis of familial hypercholesterolaemia and 1136 (10·1%) had a clinical diagnosis. Genetically confirmed diagnosis data or clinical diagnosis data were missing for 613 (5·2%) of 11 848 individuals. Genetic diagnosis was more common in children and adolescents from high-income countries (9427 [92·4%] of 10 202) than in children and adolescents from non-high-income countries (199 [48·0%] of 415). 3414 (31·6%) of 10 804 children or adolescents were index cases. Familial-hypercholesterolaemia-related physical signs, cardiovascular risk factors, and cardiovascular disease were uncommon, but were more common in non-high-income countries. 7557 (72·4%) of 10 428 included children or adolescents were not taking lipid-lowering medication (LLM) and had a median LDL-C of 5·00 mmol/L (IQR 4·05-6·08). Compared with genetic diagnosis, the use of unadapted clinical criteria intended for use in adults and reliant on more extreme phenotypes could result in 50-75% of children and adolescents with familial hypercholesterolaemia not being identified. Interpretation: Clinical characteristics observed in adults with familial hypercholesterolaemia are uncommon in children and adolescents with familial hypercholesterolaemia, hence detection in this age group relies on measurement of LDL-C and genetic confirmation. Where genetic testing is unavailable, increased availability and use of LDL-C measurements in the first few years of life could help reduce the current gap between prevalence and detection, enabling increased use of combination LLM to reach recommended LDL-C targets early in life

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries