Mujeres que abrazan la esperanza : movilización social femenina y reconstrucción del tejido social en Granada y San Carlos (2005- 2019)

El presente artículo analiza las condiciones que permitieron la movilización de las mujeres de Granada y San Carlos para la reconstrucción del tejido social en sus territorios entre el 2005 y 2019. Desde el enfoque conceptual del giro hacia lo local en la construcción de paz, el presente estudio permitió entender las movilizaciones sociales, como procesos que ayudaron a las comunidades a superar el conflicto, construir escenarios propios de paz y reconstruir el tejido social afectado. Así, la pregunta que orientó el análisis fue ¿qué condiciones permitieron la movilización de las mujeres de Granada y San Carlos para la reconstrucción del tejido social de sus territorios (2005 a 2019)? La conclusión es que fueron cuatro las condiciones que permitieron las movilizaciones: la adquisición de capacidades de convocatoria de personas, la participación, el liderazgo e intervención comunitaria y la consecución y movilización de recursos.This article analyzes the conditions that allowed the mobilization of women from Granada and San Carlos for the reconstruction of the social structure in their territories between 2005 and 2019. From the conceptual approach of the local turn in peacebuilding, this study allowed to understand the social movements, as processes that helped the communities to overcome the conflict, to build scenarios of peace and to rebuild the social structure affected during the Colombian war. Thus, the question that guided the analysis was: Which conditions allowed the mobilization of women of Granada and San Carlos for the reconstruction of the social structure of their territories (2005 to 2019)? There were four conditions that allowed the mobilizations:, the acquisition of capacities to call people, participation, leadership and community intervention and the achievement and mobilization of resources

Green extraction of antioxidant fractions from Humulus lupulus varieties and microparticle production via spray-drying

The formulation of polymeric microparticles to encapsulate bioactive compounds from two hop varieties (Nugget and Perle) using sequential green extraction processes was performed. The technologies used were ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) and pressurized hot water (PHW) extraction. Liquid phases were analyzed for total phenolic content (~2%), antioxidant activity (IC50, DPPH: 3.68 (Nugget); 4.46 (Perle) g/L, TEAC (~4–5%), FRAP (~2–3%), and reducing power (~4%)), protein content (~1%), oligosaccharide content (~45%), and for structural features. The fractions obtained from UAE were selected to continue with the drying process, achieving the maximum yield at 120 °C (Perle) and 130 °C (Nugget) (~77%). Based on these results, the formulation of polymeric microparticles using mannitol as the carrier was performed with these fractions. The production yield (~65%), particle size distribution (Perle: 250–750 µm and Nugget: ~100 µm), and rheological features (30–70 mPa s at 0.1 s−1) were the parameters evaluated. The UAE extracts from hop samples processed using a sustainable aqueous treatment allowed the formulation of microparticles with a suitable yield, and morphological and viscosity properties adequate for potential food and non-food applications.Agencia Estatal de Investigación | Ref. RYC2018‐024454‐IXunta de Galicia | Ref. ED431F 2020/01Xunta de Galicia | Ref. ED481D‐2022‐01

Tackling climate change in the forestry specialty of vocational technical education

La Universidad se encuentra frente a nuevos debates que llevan a cuestionar su verdadera función en la actualidad, debe considerarse uno de los agentes capaces de proporcionar formación avanzada, conocimiento y cultura a la población, cambio y transformación social, y mantener un equilibrio entre su misión, objetivos y demandas del Estado. Entre sus grandes tareas se presenta en la actualidad la introducción de la Tarea Vida. El Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnología y Medio Ambiente, en su condición de Organismo de la Administración Central del Estado y rector de la política ambiental, es el encargado de proponer y controlar la estrategia, concertar las acciones encaminadas a mantener los logros ambientales alcanzados, contribuir a minimizar o eliminar las insuficiencias aún existentes y al mejoramiento constante de la calidad de vida de los ciudadanos. Corresponde a la universidad preparar a los docentes que imparten la especialidad forestal en la Educación Técnica Profesional para que de forma consiente y creadora sean capaces de introducir en su actividad cotidiana, el enfrentamiento al Cambio Climático en Cuba (Tarea Vida), aprobada por el Consejo de Ministros en abril del 2017,se propone un sistema de superación para estos docentes en la que se integran debates, conferencias y talleres que se vinculan mediante la auto preparación; se valora mediante el método criterio de especialistas, con notable aceptación en cuanto a su contenido, formas de organización, contextualización, pertinencia y aplicabilidad. La puesta en práctica pone de manifiesto su viabilidad y las posibilidades de lograr cambios positivos en la actuación personal y profesional.A Universidade está enfrentando novos debates que levam a questionar seu verdadeiro papel no momento, deve ser considerado um dos agentes capazes de fornecer treinamento avançado, conhecimento e cultura para a população, mudança e transformação social, e manter um equilíbrio entre sua missão. , objetivos e demandas do Estado. Entre suas principais tarefas está a introdução da Tarefa da Vida. O Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Meio Ambiente, na qualidade de Organismo da Administração Central do Estado e reitor de política ambiental, é responsável por propor e controlar a estratégia, organizando ações voltadas à manutenção das conquistas ambientais, contribuindo minimizar ou eliminar as insuficiências ainda existentes e a melhoria constante da qualidade de vida dos cidadãos. Cabe à universidade para preparar os professores que ensinam especialidade florestal na Educação Profissional Técnica de consentimentos e criativamente para ser capaz de introduzir nas suas actividades diárias, o confronto Mudança Climática, em Cuba (Vida de tarefas), adoptada pelo Conselho Ministros em abril de 2017, um sistema de melhoria é proposto para esses professores, no qual os debates, conferências e workshops ligados por meio da auto-preparação são integrados; ela é valorizada pelo método de critério de especialistas, com notável aceitação em relação ao seu conteúdo, formas de organização, contextualização, relevância e aplicabilidade. A implementação mostra a sua viabilidade e as possibilidades de alcançar mudanças positivas no desempenho pessoal e profissional.The University is facing new debates that lead to questioning its true role at present, it should be considered one of the agents capable of providing advanced training, knowledge and culture to the population, change and social transformation, and maintain a balance between its mission, objectives and demands of the State. Among its major tasks is the introduction of the Life Task. The Ministry of Science, Technology and the Environment, in its capacity as an Organism of the Central State Administration and rector of environmental policy, is in charge of proposing and controlling the strategy, arranging actions aimed at maintaining environmental achievements, contributing to minimize or eliminate the still existing insufficiencies and to the constant improvement of the quality of life of the citizens. It is the responsibility of the university to prepare the teachers who teach the forestry specialty so that they can consciously and creatively introduce into their daily activities the confrontation with Climate Change in Cuba (Life Task), approved by the Council of Ministers in April. 2017, a system of improvement is proposed for these teachers in which debates, conferences and workshops that are linked through self-preparation are integrated; it is valued by the criterion method of specialists, with notable acceptance regarding its content, forms of organization, contextualization, relevance and applicability. The implementation shows its viability and the possibilities of achieving positive changes in personal and professional performance

Determination of organic pollutants in meconium and its relationship with fetal growth: case control study in Northwestern Spain

[Abstract] Objectives: Antenatal exposure to organic pollutants is a leading public health problem. Meconium is a unique matrix to perform prenatal studies because it enables us to retrospectively evaluate fetal exposure accumulated during the second and third trimester. The aim of the present study was to evaluate associations between organic pollutant levels in meconium and birth weight in NW Spain. Methods: In this study, we quantify the concentrations of 50 organic pollutants together with the total values of the most important chemical groups in meconium using gas chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. Results: Organochlorine pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls and polybrominated diphenyl ethers were detected with the highest levels in meconium from small for gestational age newborns. It was estimated that several congeners were statistically significant (p<0.05). However, organophosphorus pesticides attained higher concentrations in newborns with an appropriate weight. Conclusions: The occurrence of transplacental transfer can be confirmed. Prenatal exposure to organic pollutants was associated with a decrease in birth weight and, therefore, organic pollutants could have an impact on fetal growth. Nevertheless, these results need validation in larger sample sized studies

Radiotherapy plus nimotuzumab or placebo in the treatment of high grade glioma patients: results from a randomized, double blind trial

Background The prognosis of patients bearing high grade glioma remains dismal. Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) is well validated as a primary contributor of glioma initiation and progression. Nimotuzumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody that recognizes the EGFR extracellular domain and reaches Central Nervous System tumors, in nonclinical and clinical setting. While it has similar activity when compared to other anti-EGFR antibodies, it does not induce skin toxicity or hypomagnesemia. Methods A randomized, double blind, multicentric clinical trial was conducted in high grade glioma patients (41 anaplastic astrocytoma and 29 glioblastoma multiforme) that received radiotherapy plus nimotuzumab or placebo. Treatment and placebo groups were well-balanced for the most important prognostic variables. Patients received 6 weekly doses of 200 mg nimotuzumab or placebo together with irradiation as induction therapy. Maintenance treatment was given for 1 year with subsequent doses administered every 3 weeks. The objectives of this study were to assess the comparative overall survival, progression free survival, response rate, immunogenicity and safety. Results The median cumulative dose was 3200 mg of nimotuzumab given over a median number of 16 doses. The combination of nimotuzumab and RT was well-tolerated. The most prevalent related adverse reactions included nausea, fever, tremors, anorexia and hepatic test alteration. No anti-idiotypic response was detected, confirming the antibody low immunogenicity. The mean and median survival time for subjects treated with nimotuzumab was 31.06 and 17.76 vs. 21.07 and 12.63 months for the control group. Conclusions In this randomized trial, nimotuzumab showed an excellent safety profile and significant survival benefit in combination with irradiation.The study was sponsored by the Center of Molecular Immunology, Havana, Cuba and The Cuban Ministry of Health

Radiotherapy plus nimotuzumab or placebo in the treatment of high grade glioma patients: results from a randomized, double blind trial

Background The prognosis of patients bearing high grade glioma remains dismal. Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) is well validated as a primary contributor of glioma initiation and progression. Nimotuzumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody that recognizes the EGFR extracellular domain and reaches Central Nervous System tumors, in nonclinical and clinical setting. While it has similar activity when compared to other anti-EGFR antibodies, it does not induce skin toxicity or hypomagnesemia. Methods A randomized, double blind, multicentric clinical trial was conducted in high grade glioma patients (41 anaplastic astrocytoma and 29 glioblastoma multiforme) that received radiotherapy plus nimotuzumab or placebo. Treatment and placebo groups were well-balanced for the most important prognostic variables. Patients received 6 weekly doses of 200 mg nimotuzumab or placebo together with irradiation as induction therapy. Maintenance treatment was given for 1 year with subsequent doses administered every 3 weeks. The objectives of this study were to assess the comparative overall survival, progression free survival, response rate, immunogenicity and safety. Results The median cumulative dose was 3200 mg of nimotuzumab given over a median number of 16 doses. The combination of nimotuzumab and RT was well-tolerated. The most prevalent related adverse reactions included nausea, fever, tremors, anorexia and hepatic test alteration. No anti-idiotypic response was detected, confirming the antibody low immunogenicity. The mean and median survival time for subjects treated with nimotuzumab was 31.06 and 17.76 vs. 21.07 and 12.63 months for the control group. Conclusions In this randomized trial, nimotuzumab showed an excellent safety profile and significant survival benefit in combination with irradiation.The study was sponsored by the Center of Molecular Immunology, Havana, Cuba and The Cuban Ministry of Health

Los estudios de caso en psicoterapia: desafíos y posibilidades

Todo caso clínico es un reto. ¿Cómo debe ser abordado por el psicoterapeuta? Este libro abre las puertas del consultorio para examinar lo que ocurre en su interior, al tiempo que pone en el centro del análisis al psicoterapeuta y su ejercicio profesional. Fundamentales para comprender las peculiaridades y vicisitudes de la práctica psicoterapéutica, los casos clínicos son el eje principal de varias de las investigaciones que conforman este volumen, en el que los autores muestran las problemáticas y formas de intervención del psicoterapeuta en su interacción con el consultante. En el estudio de casos particulares, se describen una serie de nociones teóricas y epistémicas, así como la diversidad de formas para llevar a cabo y sistematizar el ejercicio profesional. El mosaico de temáticas, problemas y alternativas de intervención que se propone en estas páginas, facilitan la comprensión del perfil del psicoterapeuta y su papel en la práctica clínica, además de ampliar el conocimiento de esta disciplina tanto entre los profesionales como en aquellos lectores interesados en incursionar en las particularidades de esta especialidad

Lesión traumática aguda de medula espinal. Presentación de una serie de casos clínicos y su abordaje quirúrgico

Introduction: The traumatic spinal cord injury (TML) is the most frequent cause of spinal cord injury; its prevalence is 1:1000 people and its incidence ranges from 4 to 9 cases per 100000 people. It is produced by an external impact that generates injury to the spinal cord that leads to dysfunction, neurological disability and in some cases permanent damage. Objective: To present a series of clinical cases of acute spinal cord injury, evaluate the usefulness of surgical management and report the results obtained. Materials and methods: a retrospective descriptive study was performed, presenting clinical cases, for which authorization was requested from the teaching and research department of the hospital, for review of clinical records, publication of images and data. Results: Case 1: 35-year-old female, suffered gunshot wound in the thoracic region that caused complete injury and displacement of the fourth dorsal vertebra with deviation to the spinal canal. Surgery performed: transpedicular vertebral fixation with screw placement above and below the injury level. Postoperative result: patient after spinal trauma was left with neurological sequelae that persist to this day with mild motor recovery. Case 2: 18-year-old male with secondary acute spinal cord injury, gunshot wound at the level of second vertebral lumbar, reaches the emergency area without neurological deficit, mobilizes 4 limbs with 5/5 muscle strength without sensory deficit, pain located in the lower back. Surgery performed: laminectomy at the level of second lumbar and removal of projectile. Postoperative result: favorable evolution without neurological complications and without motor deficit. Case 3: A 60-year-old male who falls with cervical spinal trauma due to hyperextension of the neck, causing a low cervical spine injury with anterior displacement of the vertebral body of sixth and seventh cervical with instability. surgery performed: sixth and seventh cervical disc removal, plus box placement and anterior cervical plate for spinal stabilization. Postoperative result: favorable evolution with complete recovery at 5/5. Case 4: 35-year-old male presents cervical spinal trauma due to fracture in the body of fifth cervical, after launch in the pool and direct blow at the level of chin, with trauma in the cervical spine. Clinically characterized by 3/5 weakness in the right upper limb. Surgery performed: corpectomy at the fifth cervical level and placement of expandable mesh with anterior cervical plaque. In the second stage, fixing was performed with 6 screws at the level of fourth, fifth and sixth cervical vertebrae plus placement of 2 bars. Postoperative result: patient recovers upper right limb strength, progresses satisfactorily without neurological deficit. Conclusions: Spinal cord trauma is a condition that requires timely intervention, which is directly proportional to the results. In the four cases presented, various surgical techniques were used that were applied according to the level and type of spinal cord injury, because various traumatic forms of injury were manifested with individual surgical approach, obtaining favorable results, together with complementary treatment and physical rehabilitationIntroducción La lesión traumática de medula espinal (LMT), es la causa más frecuente de lesión medular, su prevalencia es de 1:1000 personas y su incidencia oscila entre 4 a 9 casos por cada 100000 personas. Se produce por un impacto externo que genera injuria en la medula espinal que conlleva a disfunción, discapacidad neurológica y en algunos casos daño permanente. Objetivo: Presentar una serie de casos clínicos de lesión aguda de medula espinal, evaluar la utilidad del manejo quirúrgico y reportar los resultados obtenidos. &nbsp;Materiales y métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo retrospectivo, presentación de casos clínicos, para lo cual se solicitó autorización del departamento de docencia e investigación del hospital, para revisión de historias clínicas, publicación de imágenes y datos. Resultados: Caso 1:&nbsp; femenina de 35 años, sufrió herida por arma de fuego en región torácica que provocó lesión completa y desplazamiento de cuarta vertebra dorsal con desviación hacia el canal medular. Cirugía realizada: fijación vertebral por vía transpedicular con colocación de tornillos por arriba y un nivel por debajo de la lesión. Resultado postquirúrgico: paciente luego del trauma raquimedular quedó con secuelas neurológicas que persisten hasta la actualidad con recuperación leve de la motricidad. Caso 2: masculino de 18 años ingresa por lesión medular aguda secundaria herida por proyectil de arma de fuego a nivel de segunda vertebral lumbar, llega al área de emergencia sin déficit neurológico, moviliza 4 extremidades con fuerza muscular 5/5 sin déficit sensitivo, dolor localizado en región lumbar. Cirugía realizada: laminectomía a nivel de segunda lumbar y retiro de proyectil. Resultado postquirúrgico: evolución favorable sin complicaciones neurológicas y sin déficit motor. Caso 3: masculino de 60 años que realizaba equitación, presenta caída con trauma raquimedular cervical por hiperextensión del cuello, provocando una lesión de columna cervical baja con desplazamiento anterior del cuerpo vertebral de sexta y séptima cervical con inestabilidad. cirugía realizada: retiro de disco sexto y séptimo cervical, más colocación de caja y placa cervical anterior para estabilización de columna. Resultado postquirúrgico: evolución favorable con recuperación completa al año 5/5. &nbsp;Caso 4: masculino de 35 años presenta trauma raquimedular cervical por fractura en cuerpo de quinta cervical, posterior a lanzamiento en piscina y golpe directo a nivel de mentón, con trauma en columna cervical. Clínicamente caracterizado por debilidad 3/5 en miembro superior derecho. Cirugía realizada: corpectomía a nivel quinta cervical y colocación de malla expansible con placa cervical anterior. En segundo tiempo se realizó fijación con 6 tornillos a nivel de cuarta, quinta y sexta vértebras cervicales más colocación de 2 barras. Resultado postquirúrgico: paciente recupera fuerza de extremidad superior derecha, evoluciona satisfactoriamente sin déficit neurológico. Conclusiones: El trauma de medula espinal, es una condición que requiere intervención oportuna, lo cual es, directamente proporcional a los resultados. En los cuatro casos presentados, se utilizaron diversas técnicas quirúrgicas que se aplicaron de acuerdo al nivel y el tipo de lesión medular, debido a que, se manifestaron diversas formas traumáticas de lesión con abordaje quirúrgico individual, obteniéndose resultados favorables, junto al tratamiento complementario y rehabilitación física

Comparison of body mass index (BMI) with the CUN-BAE body adiposity estimator in the prediction of hypertension and type 2 diabetes

Background Obesity is a world-wide epidemic whose prevalence is underestimated by BMI measurements, but CUN-BAE (Clínica Universidad de Navarra - Body Adiposity Estimator) estimates the percentage of body fat (BF) while incorporating information on sex and age, thus giving a better match. Our aim is to compare the BMI and CUN-BAE in determining the population attributable fraction (AFp) for obesity as a cause of chronic diseases. Methods We calculated the Pearson correlation coefficient between BMI and CUN-BAE, the Kappa index and the internal validity of the BMI. The risks of arterial hypertension (AHT) and diabetes mellitus (DM) and the AFp for obesity were assessed using both the BMI and CUN-BAE. Results 3888 white subjects were investigated. The overall correlation between BMI and CUN-BAE was R2 = 0.48, which improved when sex and age were taken into account (R2 > 0.90). The Kappa coefficient for diagnosis of obesity was low (28.7 %). The AFp was 50 % higher for DM and double for AHT when CUN-BAE was used. Conclusions The overall correlation between BMI and CUN-BAE was not good. The AFp of obesity for AHT and DM may be underestimated if assessed using the BMI, as may the prevalence of obesity when estimated from the percentage of BF