Date and Rate of Corn Planting

Corn is South Dakota’s most important grain crop. It is grown on 4 million acres annually. South Dakota ranks ninth among the states as a corn producer, having one-twentieth of the national acreage and one-thirtieth of the production. The state may be divided into three areas on the basis of the place of corn on the farm: the eastern area, where corn is complementary to wheat and grazing; and the western area, where corn is supplementary grazing

Pengaruh Penerapan Blended Character Education Approach Untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Sejarah Ditinjau Dari Pengetahuan Awal Pada Siswa Di Smak Thomas Aquino Tangeb, Mengwi, Badung

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui (1) perbedaan hasil belajar antara siswa yang mengikuti pembelajaran blended character education approach dengan siswa yang mengikuti metode pembelajaran konvensional, (2) perbedaan hasil belajar antara siswa yang mengikuti pembelajaran blended character education approach dengan siswa yang mengikuti metode pembelajaran konvensional, setelah dikendalikan variabel pengetahuan awal, (3) besar kontribusi pengetahuan awal terhadap hasil belajar pada siswa kelas X SMAK Thomas Aquino Tangeb. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan analisis varians satu jalur dan analisis kovarian (Anakova) 1 jalur dengan uji-F. Penelitian ini termasuk jenis penelitian eksperimen dengan rancangan“ post-test only control group design”. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh Siswa kelas X SMAK Thomas Aquino Tangeb yang terdiri dari dua rombongan belajar. Teknik sampling yang digunakan untuk menentukan sampel adalah teknik random sampling, dari dua rombongan belajar satu kelas diambil sebagai kelompok eksperimen (kelas yang mengikuti pembelajaran dengan blended character education approach ) dan satu kelas sebagai kelompok kontrol (kelas yang mengikuti model pembelajaran konvensional) dengan teknik undian. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa: (1) perbedaan hasil belajar sejarah antara siswa yang mengikuti pembelajaran Blended Character Education Approach dengan siswa yang mengikuti pembelajaran konvensional pada siswa di SMAK Thomas Aquino Tangeb, Mengwi, Badung dengan FHitung = 10,466 dengan signifikansi = 0,002 (p < 0,05), (2) perbedaan hasil belajar sejarah antara siswa yang mengikuti pembelajaran Blended Character Education Approach dengan siswa yang mengikuti pembelajaran konvensional, setelah diadakan pengendalian pengaruh variabel pengetahuan awal siswa dengan Fhitung = 14,369; dan (3) kontribusi yang positif dan signifikan antara pengetahuan awal siswa dengan hasil belajar sejarah siswa di SMAK Thomas Aquino Tangeb, Mengwi, Badung dengan kontribusi sebesar 39,1 % melalui persamaan garis regresi = 14,721 + 1,048 X.Kata Kunci : blended character education approach, pembelajaran konvensional, pengetahuan awal, hasil belajar The aim of this research is to see the defference of students ability between those who got blended character educantion approach and those who got conventional method after the control of earlier variable, and also the quantity of the contribution of earlier knowladge of the student grade X ability in SMAK Thomas Aquino Tangeb. The data was analized by one way analysis varian and one way kovarian analysis with F-test. This research is catagorized in experiment research with “post test only control group design” plan. The population in this research was the whole of students grade X in SMAK Thomas Aquino Tangeb. Wich was consist of two group of students. The sampling technic that was used to take the samples was random sampling. One group acted as experiment group ( the group that was gotten blenden character eduacation approach) and the other group acted as control group (the group that was gotten conventional method). The result shows that (1) the difference of students ability in history between the those who got Blended character education approach and those who got conventional method in SMAK Thomas Aquino Tangeb, Mengwi, Badung F= 10, 466 with signification = 0, 002 (p< 0,05), (2) the defference of student ability in history between those who got blended character education approach and those who got conventional method afterr the control of variable impact of earlier knowladge in F= 14,369 and (3) the significant and positive contribution between students earlier knowladge and the final ability in History of SMAK Thomas Aquino Tangeb, Mengwi,badung with 39,1% contribution through the regression similarity line Y= 14,721+1,048 X

Constrained Multistate Sequence Design for Nucleic Acid Reaction Pathway Engineering

We describe a framework for designing the sequences of multiple nucleic acid strands intended to hybridize in solution via a prescribed reaction pathway. Sequence design is formulated as a multistate optimization problem using a set of target test tubes to represent reactant, intermediate, and product states of the system, as well as to model crosstalk between components. Each target test tube contains a set of desired “on-target” complexes, each with a target secondary structure and target concentration, and a set of undesired “off-target” complexes, each with vanishing target concentration. Optimization of the equilibrium ensemble properties of the target test tubes implements both a positive design paradigm, explicitly designing for on-pathway elementary steps, and a negative design paradigm, explicitly designing against off-pathway crosstalk. Sequence design is performed subject to diverse user-specified sequence constraints including composition constraints, complementarity constraints, pattern prevention constraints, and biological constraints. Constrained multistate sequence design facilitates nucleic acid reaction pathway engineering for diverse applications in molecular programming and synthetic biology. Design jobs can be run online via the NUPACK web application

Use of zinc deposited in deciduous teeth as a retrospective measurement of dietary zinc exposure during early development

Purpose: We proposed that zinc (Zn) deposition in deciduous teeth would be a timed record of exposure to this essential micronutrient over very early life. We tested this hypothesis by gathering information on the maternal and child's diet during pregnancy and early infancy and measuring mineral deposition in the dentine at points during deciduous tooth development.Methods: We developed a short food frequency questionnaire (S-FFQ) to record consumption of food containing Zn during pregnancy and over the first year of life of the child in an Indonesian population. Zn, Sr and Ca were measured by laser ablation ICP-MS in a series of points across the developmental timeline in deciduous teeth extracted from 18 children undergoing the process as part of dental treatment whose mothers completed the SFFQ. Mothers and children were classified into either high Zn or low Zn groups according to calculated daily Zn intake.Results: The Zn/Sr ratio in dentine deposited over late pregnancy and 0–3 months post-partum was higher (p < 0.001, 2-way ANOVA; p < 0.05 by Holm-Sidak post hoc test) in the teeth of children of mothers classified as high Zn consumers (n = 10) than in children of mothers classified as low Zn consumers (n = 8).Conclusion: The S-FFQ was validated internally as adequately accurate to measure zinc intake retrospectively during pregnancy and post-partum (∼7 years prior) by virtue of the correlation with measurements of zinc in deciduous teeth. The ratio of Zn/Sr in deciduous teeth appears to be a biomarker of exposure to zinc nutrition during early development and offers promise for use as a record of prior exposure along a timeline for research studies and, potentially, to identify individuals at heightened risk of detrimental impacts of poor early life zinc nutrition on health in later life and to implement preventative interventions

Paracatenula, an ancient symbiosis between thiotrophic Alphaproteobacteria and catenulid flatworms

Harnessing chemosynthetic symbionts is a recurring evolutionary strategy. Eukaryotes from six phyla as well as one archaeon have acquired chemoautotrophic sulfur-oxidizing bacteria. In contrast to this broad host diversity, known bacterial partners apparently belong to two classes of bacteria—the Gamma- and Epsilonproteobacteria. Here, we characterize the intracellular endosymbionts of the mouthless catenulid flatworm genus Paracatenula as chemoautotrophic sulfur-oxidizing Alphaproteobacteria. The symbionts of Paracatenula galateia are provisionally classified as “Candidatus Riegeria galateiae” based on 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing confirmed by fluorescence in situ hybridization together with functional gene and sulfur metabolite evidence. 16S rRNA gene phylogenetic analysis shows that all 16 Paracatenula species examined harbor host species-specific intracellular Candidatus Riegeria bacteria that form a monophyletic group within the order Rhodospirillales. Comparing host and symbiont phylogenies reveals strict cocladogenesis and points to vertical transmission of the symbionts. Between 33% and 50% of the body volume of the various worm species is composed of bacterial symbionts, by far the highest proportion among all known endosymbiotic associations between bacteria and metazoans. This symbiosis, which likely originated more than 500 Mya during the early evolution of flatworms, is the oldest known animal–chemoautotrophic bacteria association. The distant phylogenetic position of the symbionts compared with other mutualistic or parasitic Alphaproteobacteria promises to illuminate the common genetic predispositions that have allowed several members of this class to successfully colonize eukaryote cells

Health and climate related ecosystem services provided by street trees in the urban environment

Published onlineJournal ArticleUrban tree planting initiatives are being actively promoted as a planning tool to enable urban areas to adapt to and mitigate against climate change, enhance urban sustainability and improve human health and well-being. However, opportunities for creating new areas of green space within cities are often limited and tree planting initiatives may be constrained to kerbside locations. At this scale, the net impact of trees on human health and the local environment is less clear, and generalised approaches for evaluating their impact are not well developed.In this review, we use an urban ecosystems services framework to evaluate the direct, and locally-generated, ecosystems services and disservices provided by street trees. We focus our review on the services of major importance to human health and well-being which include 'climate regulation', 'air quality regulation' and 'aesthetics and cultural services'. These are themes that are commonly used to justify new street tree or street tree retention initiatives. We argue that current scientific understanding of the impact of street trees on human health and the urban environment has been limited by predominantly regional-scale reductionist approaches which consider vegetation generally and/or single out individual services or impacts without considering the wider synergistic impacts of street trees on urban ecosystems. This can lead planners and policymakers towards decision making based on single parameter optimisation strategies which may be problematic when a single intervention offers different outcomes and has multiple effects and potential trade-offs in different places.We suggest that a holistic approach is required to evaluate the services and disservices provided by street trees at different scales. We provide information to guide decision makers and planners in their attempts to evaluate the value of vegetation in their local setting. We show that by ensuring that the specific aim of the intervention, the scale of the desired biophysical effect and an awareness of a range of impacts guide the choice of i) tree species, ii) location and iii) density of tree placement, street trees can be an important tool for urban planners and designers in developing resilient and resourceful cities in an era of climatic change

Magnetoresistance in Single Layer Graphene: Weak Localization and Universal Conductance Fluctuation Studies

We report measurements of magnetoresistance in single-layer graphene as a function of gate voltage (carrier density) at 250 mK. By examining signatures of weak localization (WL) and universal conductance fluctuations (UCF), we find a consistent picture of phase coherence loss due to electron-electron interactions. The gate-dependence of the elastic scattering terms suggests that the effect of trigonal warping, i.e., the non-linearity of the dispersion curves, may be strong at high carrier densities, while intra-valley scattering may dominate close to the Dirac point. In addition, a decrease in UCF amplitude with decreasing carrier density can be explained by a corresponding loss of phase coherence

Utopian Archives, Decolonial Affordances: Introduction to Special Issue

Colonial archives constituted a technology that enabled the collection, storage, ordering, retrieval and exchange of knowledge as an instrument of colonial governance. It is not surprising that when such archives were inherited by independent nation-states they were not given the authority previously granted them and have often been neglected. What, then, is the future of colonial archives in postcolonial nations? How should we rethink these archives in relation to decolonial futures? This essay introduces a collection of articles that explore the repertoires of action latent in archives and how colonial archives are being reconfigured to imagine decolonial futures