Confiabilidad de puentes de concreto presforzado dañados por corrosión

Los puentes vehiculares con frecuencia sufren daños por corrosión, sobre todo, si están ubicados en la costa o si están expuestos a la humedad o impactos químicos. Por tanto, es conveniente contar con recomendaciones técnicas para evaluar su efecto en la seguridad estructural y proveer condiciones aceptables para la operación y el mantenimiento del puente. En este artículo se determina la variación del índice de confiabilidad de Cornell en función del tiempo en una viga en un puente vehicular simplemente apoyado, mediante el análisis del comportamiento en los cambios en los momentos de agrietamiento de las secciones transversales de una viga de concreto presforzado de sección cajón, obtenidos a partir de sus diagramas momento-curvatura. El análisis estadístico se realizó mediante simulación de Monte Carlo considerando como variables aleatorias la resistencia del concreto, el área transversal de acero de presfuerzo y la carga viva, y como variables deterministas las dimensiones de los elementos y la carga muerta. De los resultados obtenidos se observa que, a partir del inicio de la corrosión del acero de presfuerzo, en los primeros 4 años la variación en el índice de confiabilidad resultó poco significativa, mientras que en los años subsecuentes se presenta lo contrario disminuyendo a valores menores de 1.75 a partir de 6 años de iniciada la corrosión, lo cual no garantiza condiciones de operación aceptables para la estructura

Small-Scale Hybrid Photovoltaic-Biomass Systems Feasibility Analysis for Higher Education Buildings

[EN] Applications of renewable electricity in cities are mostly limited to photovoltaics, and they need other renewable sources, batteries, and the grid to guarantee reliability. This paper proposes a hybrid system, combining biomass and photovoltaics, to supply electricity to educational buildings. This system is reliable and provides at least 50% of electricity based on renewable sources. Buildings with small (70%) implies high electricity costs.This work was supported in part by the European Commission through project "Holistic And Scalable Solution For Research, Innovation And Education In Energy Tran project" (Agreement number: 837854). This work was supported in part by the European Commission through GROW GREEN project (Agreement number: 730283 - GROW GREEN-H2020-SCC-2016-2017/H2020-SCC-NBS-2stage-2016. http://growgreenproject.eu/). This work was completed in the framework of the activities of the Renewable Area research group of the IUIIE (Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Ingeniería Energética) in regional, national, and international projects. The authors deeply thank the Universitat Politècnica de València, IMPIVA-Generalitat Valenciana, the Spanish Ministry of Science and Technology, and the European Commission for the funded projects coming from this organization.Alfonso-Solar, D.; Vargas-Salgado Carlos; Sánchez-Diaz, C.; Hurtado-Perez, E. (2020). Small-Scale Hybrid Photovoltaic-Biomass Systems Feasibility Analysis for Higher Education Buildings. Sustainability. 12(21):1-14. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12219300S1141221Pérez-Navarro, A., Alfonso, D., Ariza, H. E., Cárcel, J., Correcher, A., Escrivá-Escrivá, G., … Vargas, C. (2016). Experimental verification of hybrid renewable systems as feasible energy sources. Renewable Energy, 86, 384-391. doi:10.1016/j.renene.2015.08.030Prasad, M., & Munch, S. (2012). State-level renewable electricity policies and reductions in carbon emissions. Energy Policy, 45, 237-242. doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2012.02.024Gielen, D., Boshell, F., Saygin, D., Bazilian, M. D., Wagner, N., & Gorini, R. (2019). The role of renewable energy in the global energy transformation. Energy Strategy Reviews, 24, 38-50. doi:10.1016/j.esr.2019.01.006Bracco, S. (2020). A Study for the Optimal Exploitation of Solar, Wind and Hydro Resources and Electrical Storage Systems in the Bormida Valley in the North of Italy. Energies, 13(20), 5291. doi:10.3390/en13205291Directorate-General for Energy, EU Commission. Clean Energy for All Europeanshttps://ec.europa.eu/energy/topics/energy-strategy/clean-energy-all-europeans_enURLÓhAiseadha, C., Quinn, G., Connolly, R., Connolly, M., & Soon, W. (2020). Energy and Climate Policy—An Evaluation of Global Climate Change Expenditure 2011–2018. Energies, 13(18), 4839. doi:10.3390/en13184839Hart, E. K., & Jacobson, M. Z. (2011). A Monte Carlo approach to generator portfolio planning and carbon emissions assessments of systems with large penetrations of variable renewables. Renewable Energy, 36(8), 2278-2286. doi:10.1016/j.renene.2011.01.015Acevedo-Arenas, C. Y., Correcher, A., Sánchez-Díaz, C., Ariza, E., Alfonso-Solar, D., Vargas-Salgado, C., & Petit-Suárez, J. F. (2019). MPC for optimal dispatch of an AC-linked hybrid PV/wind/biomass/H2 system incorporating demand response. Energy Conversion and Management, 186, 241-257. doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2019.02.044Bajpai, P., & Dash, V. (2012). Hybrid renewable energy systems for power generation in stand-alone applications: A review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 16(5), 2926-2939. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2012.02.009Bernal-Agustín, J. L., & Dufo-López, R. (2009). Simulation and optimization of stand-alone hybrid renewable energy systems. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 13(8), 2111-2118. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2009.01.010Karakoulidis, K., Mavridis, K., Bandekas, D. V., Adoniadis, P., Potolias, C., & Vordos, N. (2011). Techno-economic analysis of a stand-alone hybrid photovoltaic-diesel–battery-fuel cell power system. Renewable Energy, 36(8), 2238-2244. doi:10.1016/j.renene.2010.12.003Kusakana, K. (2015). Optimal scheduled power flow for distributed photovoltaic/wind/diesel generators with battery storage system. IET Renewable Power Generation, 9(8), 916-924. doi:10.1049/iet-rpg.2015.0027Koutroulis, E., Kolokotsa, D., Potirakis, A., & Kalaitzakis, K. (2006). Methodology for optimal sizing of stand-alone photovoltaic/wind-generator systems using genetic algorithms. Solar Energy, 80(9), 1072-1088. doi:10.1016/j.solener.2005.11.002Ipsakis, D., Voutetakis, S., Seferlis, P., Stergiopoulos, F., & Elmasides, C. (2009). Power management strategies for a stand-alone power system using renewable energy sources and hydrogen storage. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 34(16), 7081-7095. doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2008.06.051Mata, É., Sasic Kalagasidis, A., & Johnsson, F. (2014). Building-stock aggregation through archetype buildings: France, Germany, Spain and the UK. Building and Environment, 81, 270-282. doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2014.06.013HOMER Energyhttps://www.homerenergy.com/Oladigbolu, J. O., Ramli, M. A. M., & Al-Turki, Y. A. (2020). Optimal Design of a Hybrid PV Solar/Micro-Hydro/Diesel/Battery Energy System for a Remote Rural Village under Tropical Climate Conditions. Electronics, 9(9), 1491. doi:10.3390/electronics9091491Hurtado, E., Peñalvo-López, E., Pérez-Navarro, Á., Vargas, C., & Alfonso, D. (2015). Optimization of a hybrid renewable system for high feasibility application in non-connected zones. Applied Energy, 155, 308-314. doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.05.097Kebede, A. A., Berecibar, M., Coosemans, T., Messagie, M., Jemal, T., Behabtu, H. A., & Van Mierlo, J. (2020). A Techno-Economic Optimization and Performance Assessment of a 10 kWP Photovoltaic Grid-Connected System. Sustainability, 12(18), 7648. doi:10.3390/su12187648Hafez, O., & Bhattacharya, K. (2012). Optimal planning and design of a renewable energy based supply system for microgrids. Renewable Energy, 45, 7-15. doi:10.1016/j.renene.2012.01.087European Pellet Report. European Pellet Quality Certification (PELLCERT) project. PellCert. Published on April 2012https://ec.europa.eu/energy/intelligent/projects/sites/iee-projects/files/projects/documents/pellcert_european_pellet_report.pdf/Alfonso, D., Perpiñá, C., Pérez-Navarro, A., Peñalvo, E., Vargas, C., & Cárdenas, R. (2009). Methodology for optimization of distributed biomass resources evaluation, management and final energy use. Biomass and Bioenergy, 33(8), 1070-1079. doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2009.04.002Perpiñá, C., Alfonso, D., Pérez-Navarro, A., Peñalvo, E., Vargas, C., & Cárdenas, R. (2009). Methodology based on Geographic Information Systems for biomass logistics and transport optimisation. Renewable Energy, 34(3), 555-565. doi:10.1016/j.renene.2008.05.047Technology Roadmap: Delivering Sustainable Bioenergyhttps://www.ieabioenergy.com/publications/technology-roadmap-delivering-sustainable-bioenergy/HOMER Pro 3.14 User Manualhttps://www.homerenergy.com/products/pro/docs/latest/index.htmlLao, C., & Chungpaibulpatana, S. (2017). Techno-economic analysis of hybrid system for rural electrification in Cambodia. Energy Procedia, 138, 524-529. doi:10.1016/j.egypro.2017.10.23

Proposal and evaluation of BLE discovery process based on new features of bluetooth 5.0

The device discovery process is one of the most crucial aspects in real deployments of sensor networks. Recently, several works have analyzed the topic of Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) device discovery through analytical or simulation models limited to version 4.x. Non-connectable and non-scannable undirected advertising has been shown to be a reliable alternative for discovering a high number of devices in a relatively short time period. However, new features of Bluetooth 5.0 allow us to define a variant on the device discovery process, based on BLE scannable undirected advertising events, which results in higher discovering capacities and also lower power consumption. In order to characterize this new device discovery process, we experimentally model the real device behavior of BLE scannable undirected advertising events. Non-detection packet probability, discovery probability, and discovery latency for a varying number of devices and parameters are compared by simulations and experimental measurements. We demonstrate that our proposal outperforms previous works, diminishing the discovery time and increasing the potential user device density. A mathematical model is also developed in order to easily obtain a measure of the potential capacity in high density scenarios

Formulación para el plan de ordenamiento físico universitario: Corporación Universitaria Minuto De Dios Centro Regional Girardot.

Proponer la formulación para el Plan de Ordenamiento Físico concerniente con el desarrollo sistémico de la corporación universitaria minuto de Dios centro regional Girardot que corresponda con las necesidades académicas, sociales, económicas, científicas y culturales conformes con la misión y visiónde la Universidad.En este trabajo de grado se planteó la propuesta para el plan de ordenamiento físico destinado al ordenamiento territorial y estructural del plantel educativo de la corporación universitaria minuto de Dios centro regional Girardot, direccionado al ordenamiento físico espacial, ambiental y socio cultural del mismo, teniendo en cuenta las necesidades y requerimientos, los cuales se pueden fortalecer en el campus universitario. La propuesta P.O.F busca incrementar la cobertura y la calidad de los servicios académicos, atendiendo el bienestar para la comunidad educativaIn this work of degree, the proposal for the plan of physical order destined to the territorial and structural ordering of the educational campus of the university corporation minute of God regional center Girardot, addressed to the physical spatial ordering, environmental and socio-cultural aspects, taking into account the needs and requirements, which can be strengthened in the university campus. The P.O.F proposal seeks to increase the coverage and quality of academic services, addressing wellbeing for the educational community

Formulación para el plan de ordenamiento físico universitario: Corporación Universitaria Minuto De Dios Centro Regional Girardot.

Proponer la formulación para el Plan de Ordenamiento Físico concerniente con el desarrollo sistémico de la corporación universitaria minuto de Dios centro regional Girardot que corresponda con las necesidades académicas, sociales, económicas, científicas y culturales conformes con la misión y visiónde la Universidad.En este trabajo de grado se planteó la propuesta para el plan de ordenamiento físico destinado al ordenamiento territorial y estructural del plantel educativo de la corporación universitaria minuto de Dios centro regional Girardot, direccionado al ordenamiento físico espacial, ambiental y socio cultural del mismo, teniendo en cuenta las necesidades y requerimientos, los cuales se pueden fortalecer en el campus universitario. La propuesta P.O.F busca incrementar la cobertura y la calidad de los servicios académicos, atendiendo el bienestar para la comunidad educativaIn this work of degree, the proposal for the plan of physical order destined to the territorial and structural ordering of the educational campus of the university corporation minute of God regional center Girardot, addressed to the physical spatial ordering, environmental and socio-cultural aspects, taking into account the needs and requirements, which can be strengthened in the university campus. The P.O.F proposal seeks to increase the coverage and quality of academic services, addressing wellbeing for the educational community

Tools for the implementation of a SCADA system in a desalination process

In this work a system is designed and implemented in SCADA MOVICON 11.5, in which the operation of five seawater desalination lines by reverse osmosis which work in parallel, with four coastal wells and two end-of-line pumps of the permeated water obtainedare integrated, synchronized and supervised as a single plant. Each desalination line has its own control system and can operate independently. As a product, synchronization algorithms were obtained that were added to the system through script codes, which guarantee continuous productivity in the desalination process, achieving synchronization between the mentioned sub-processes. Simultaneous operations of starting, washing and stopping that affected the performance of the osmosis lines are avoided. Alarmsare generated, reports are created, historical records and trends for the decision making on failures prediction, predictive maintenance and troubleshooting

The epiphytic transcriptome of Podosphaera fusca and its predicted secretome

Comunicación presentada en formato panel en la sesión "Large-scale (omics) approaches"The cucurbit powdery mildew fungus Podosphaera fusca, is a major limiting factor for cucurbit production worldwide. Despite its agronomic and economic importance, very little is known about fundamental aspects of P. fusca biology such as obligate biotrophy and pathogenesis. In order to design novel and more durable control strategies, genomic information of P. fusca is needed. In this work we aimed to analyse the epiphytic transcriptome of P. fusca as starting point. Total RNA was isolated from mycelia and conidia, and the corresponding cDNA library was sequenced using a 454 GS FLX platform. Annotation data was acquired for 62.6% of the assembled sequences, identifying 9,713 putative genes with different orthologues. In the transcript data set, the most represented protein functions were those involved in gene expression, protein metabolism, regulation of biological process and organelle organization. Our analysis also confirmed the existence of “missing ascomycete core genes” (MACGs) found in other powdery mildew species. After analysis of the pool of fungal secreted proteins, 118 putative secreted proteins were identified, including 35 “candidate secreted effector proteins” (CSEPs) specific for P. fusca. In order to validate the in silico assembly, the expression profile of some CSEPs was analysed, which was consequent with a canonical effector expression pattern, with a maximum of expression at the beginning of the infection process 24-48 h after inoculation. Our data open the genomics era of this very important cucurbit pathogen.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech. Plan Nacional Plan I+D+I del antiguo Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (AGL2010-21848-CO2-01), cofinanciado con fondos FEDER (UE)

Interrelations between Patients’ Clinicopathological Characteristics and Their Association with Response to Immunotherapy in a Real-World Cohort of NSCLC Patients

Biomarcadores; Eventos adversos relacionados con el sistema inmunitario; InmunoterapiaBiomarcadors; Esdeveniments adversos relacionats amb el sistema immunitari; ImmunoteràpiaBiomarkers; Immune related adverse events; ImmunotherapyImmune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have transformed non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treatment. Unfortunately, only some patients benefit from these therapies. Thus, certain clinicopathological characteristics of the patients have been proposed as biomarkers of ICIs response. We assembled a retrospective cohort of 262 NSCLC patients treated with ICIs, compiled relevant clinicopathological characteristics, and studied their associations with treatment outcome using Cox proportional-hazards survival models. Additionally, we investigated the interrelations between clinicopathological features and devised a method to create a compendium associated with ICIs response by selecting those that provide non-redundant information. In multivariate analyses, ECOG performance status (hazard ratio (HR) 1.37 (95% CI 1.11 to 1.68), p < 0.005), LDH (HR 1.24 (95% CI 1.03 to 1.48), p = 0.02)) and PD-L1 negativity were associated with decreased progression-free survival (PFS) (HR 1.92 (95% CI 1.03 to 3.58), p = 0.04), whereas presentation of immune-related adverse events (irAEs) (HR 0.35 (95% CI 0.22 to 0.55, p < 0.005) or females (HR 0.52 (95% CI 0.33 to 0.80, p < 0.005) had longer PFS. Additionally, numerous clinicopathological indicators were found to be interrelated. Thus, we searched for features that provide non-redundant information, and found the combination of LDH levels, irAEs, and gender to have a better association with ICIs treatment response (cross-validated c-index = 0.66). We concluded that several clinicopathological features showed prognostic value in our real-world cohort. However, some are interrelated, and compendiums of features should therefore consider these interactions. Joint assessment of LDH, irAEs, and gender may be a good prognostic compendium.None associated with this project

Post-synthetic ligand exchange as a route to improve the affinity of ZIF-67 towards CO2

The Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework 67 (ZIF-67) is a highly promising material owing to its exceptional thermal stability, large specific surface area, cost-effectiveness, and versatile applications. One of the potential applications of ZIF-67 is gas separation processes, among which the separation of CO2/CH4 mixtures has attracted great interest nowadays in the biogas sector. However, when it comes to CO2/CH4 separation, ZIF-67 falls short as it lacks the desired selectivity despite its high adsorption capacity. This limitation arises from its relatively low affinity towards CO2. In this study, we have addressed this issue by partially exchanging the ligand of ZIF-67, specifically replacing 2-methylimidazole with 1,2,4 (1H) triazole, which introduces an additional nitrogen atom. This modification resulted in ZIF-67 showing significantly enhanced affinity towards CO2 and, as a result, greater selectivity towards CO2 over CH4. The modified materials underwent thorough characterization using various techniques, and their adsorption capacity was evaluated through high-pressure adsorption isotherms. Furthermore, their separation performance was assessed using the Ideal Solution Adsorption Theory, which provided valuable insights into their potential for efficient gas separation.Financial support from Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (Spain, PID2020-116998RB-I00) is gratefully acknowledged. Conselleria de Innovacion, Universidades, Ciencia y Sociedad Digital (CIPROM/2021/022). This study forms part of the Advanced Materials programme and was supported by MCIN with funding from European Union NextGenerationEU (PRTR-C17.I1) and by Generalitat Valenciana

MEP pathway products allosterically promote monomerization of deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase to feedback-regulate their supply

Isoprenoids are a very large and diverse family of metabolites required by all living organisms. All isoprenoids derive from the double-bond isomers isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) and dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP), which are produced by the methylerythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) pathway in bacteria and plant plastids. It has been reported that IPP and DMAPP feedback-regulate the activity of deoxyxylulose 5-phosphate synthase (DXS), a dimeric enzyme that catalyzes the main flux-controlling step of the MEP pathway. Here we provide experimental insights into the underlying mechanism. Isothermal titration calorimetry and dynamic light scattering approaches showed that IPP and DMAPP can allosterically bind to DXS in vitro, causing a size shift. In silico ligand binding site analysis and docking calculations identified a potential allosteric site in the contact region between the two monomers of the active DXS dimer. Modulation of IPP and DMAPP contents in vivo followed by immunoblot analyses confirmed that high IPP/DMAPP levels resulted in monomerization and eventual aggregation of the enzyme in bacterial and plant cells. Loss of the enzymatically active dimeric conformation allows a fast and reversible reduction of DXS activity in response to a sudden increase or decrease in IPP/DMAPP supply, whereas aggregation and subsequent removal of monomers that would otherwise be available for dimerization appears to be a more drastic response in the case of persistent IPP/DMAPP overabundance (e.g., by a blockage in their conversion to downstream isoprenoids). Our results represent an important step toward understanding the regulation of the MEP pathway and rational design of biotechnological endeavors aimed at increasing isoprenoid contents in microbial and plant systems