Avian biodiversity assessment studies in a Neotropical wetland – the combination of sampling methods makes the difference

In studies of avian diversity, many different methods have been applied. Since methodological approaches may affect research results, the choice of a given methodology must be consistent with the scientific objectives. The aim of this study was to investigate how different methodologies with their intrinsic limitations help detect and monitor birds to evaluate how they complement each other in the survey of species. Three different assessment methods, mist nets, point counts, and autonomous acoustic recordings were used to serve this purpose in a study of different Pantanal habitats, such as savannas and forests. The point counts detected more species (126 species) than the two other methods autonomous acoustic recordings (113 species) and mist nets (79 species). We observed significant differences in the number of species detected by mist nets and the other two methods. Each survey method identified exclusive species. When comparing habitats, all three methods showed significant differences in bird species composition. Savannas were richer in bird species than forests, and replacement was the main driver responsible for the differences in beta diversity between the habitats. The three methodologies, when applied together, proved to be complementary in avian species detection

Mammal prevalence after the fire catastrophe in northeastern Pantanal, Brazil

Fire might occur under natural conditions in the Pantanal of Brazil; however, with climate change, severe periods of drought potentiated the devasting fires in 2020, resulting in substantial wildlife loss. Considering that mammal communities are strongly affected by fire and habitat alterations, the aim of this study was to evaluate possible differences in mammal diversity and the number of records before and one year after the fire in one region of the Pantanal of Mato Grosso, Brazil (Parque SESC Baía das Pedras – PSBP). The data collection was performed using camera trapping between 2015 and 2017 and 2021, together with visual field observations in PSBP. We observed that the mammal assemblage composition was similar before and one year after the fire. Four species were more or less frequent in burned areas than in unburned ones. Since the fire was controlled in this area, avoiding its total destruction, and the species that fled from the surrounding areas, which were completely burnt, might be using PSBP as a refuge while the vegetation recovers elsewhere. Therefore, the PSBP might have contributed to protecting mammal species after the fire and maintaining and conserving biodiversity on a regional scale in the Pantanal of Mato Grosso, Brazil

Incubation parameters, offspring growth, and behavioral adaptations to heat stress of Black Skimmers (Rynchops niger) in a Neotropical inland colony (Aves, Charadriiformes, Laridae)

This study focuses on incubation parameters, egg morphometrics, and body mass development, hatching, and behavioral adaptations to heat stress within a colony of freshwater-breeding Black Skimmers (Rynchops niger) located in the private nature reserve of Serviço Social do Comércio (SESC) in the northern Pantanal, Mato Grosso, Brazil. Temperatures of nest, eggs, and surface substratum, as well as the development of embryos, were surveyed using thermal imaging, a method allowing digital recording from a distance and in a fraction of the time of traditional measuring techniques. The mean egg dimensions (n = 71) were 4.48 (± 0.13) × 3.27 (± 0.07) cm; the mean mass at hatching was 24.3 (± 1.9) g, with a significant decrease over incubation time. The mean surface temperature of eggs varied from 30.9℃ to 39.7℃, while the sand surface temperature was 20℃ at 06:00 h, rising to 47.7℃ at 11:00 h. There was a significant increase (7%) in egg surface temperature throughout incubation. Incubation-bout durations (n = 2108) were correlated with the microclimatic conditions of the substratum, becoming shorter with increasing sand-surface temperature around midday. Egg hatching lasted one day, and siblings hatched no more than 24 h apart. The mean body mass on Day 1 after hatching was 16.8 (± 1.6) g (n = 6). Three days after hatching, chicks moved to new sand depressions provided by parents near the original nest, where they remained motionless or tried to hide under riparian vegetation. The single chick that fledged had a growth rate of K = 0.117 and a t₁₀₋₉₀ value of 37.3 days. On Day 7, dorsal pintail feathers and primaries appeared, which were open on Day 15. After 14 days, the chick was able to regulate its body temperature, and no more feeding by parental birds during the daytime was observed. On Day 21, the immature plumage was fully developed. Fledging was completed on Day 27. Our study demonstrates that thermal imaging is a useful method of surveying egg and embryo development in the Black Skimmer, reducing nest disturbance and observation efforts

PARÂMETROS ELETROCARDIOGRÁFICOS DE NOVILHAS DA RAÇA JERSEY

O presente estudo objetivou estabelecer um padrão eletrocardiográfico para bovinos da raça Jersey. Para isso, foram realizados eletrocardiogramas de 50 novilhas da raça Jersey com idade média de dois anos e peso médio de 263,8 ± 41,2 kg. Os traçados eletrocardiográficos foram obtidos utilizando-se a técnica de derivação de membros ou plano frontal, para avaliação do ritmo, eixo elétrico, frequência cardíaca, mensuração da duração e amplitude de ondas e intervalos, bem como avaliar a morfologia das ondas. O ritmo cardíaco encontrado em todos os animais foi o ritmo sinusal normal. A maioria dos animais (72%) apresentou eixo elétrico no intervalo de +120º a +180º. A frequência cardíaca média foi de 79,2 ± 8,9 batimentos por minuto. A onda P apresentou duração média de 0,06 ± 0,02 s e amplitude de 0,08 ± 0,05mV. Na maioria dos animais (82%), a morfologia encontrada foi única positiva, ao passo que em 18% das novilhas encontrou-se onda P bífida. O intervalo PR apresentou duração de 0,18 ± 0,03 s. O complexo QRS teve duração de 0,11 ± 0,02 s, a onda Q teve amplitude de 0,24 ± 0,18 mV, a onda R, de 0,18 ± 0,11 mV, enquanto que a onda S geralmente esteve ausente. A onda T esteve presente, porém variou bastante, tanto em duração, amplitude e morfologia. A duração média do intervalo QT foi de 0,36 ± 0,04 s. Assim, pôde-se concluir que a técnica de derivação de membros é fácil de ser executada e adequada para a raça, o que garantiu a padronização dos parâmetros eletrocardiográficos para a raça Jersey.

ENSEÑANZA DE LA SEGURIDAD DEL PACIENTE EN PET-SAÚDE/INTERPROFESIONALIDAD: EXPERIENCIAS NO NORTE DE BRASIL

O Programa de Educação para o Trabalho oportuniza aos estudantes inserção precoce nos serviços de saúde possibilitando uma formação mais integral. Na área da saúde, a educação interprofissional apresenta-se como um importante dispositivo para a mudança do processo formativo em prol de um cuidado centrado nas necessidades dos usuários. O objetivo é relatar a experiência de dois anos no Programa de Educação para o Trabalho - PET-Saúde/Interprofissionalidade. Relato de experiência de estudantes, profissionais e docentes, vivenciado em diferentes cenários na capital de Rondônia. Foi realizada a descrição das atividades e a percepção individual dos participantes a partir de quatro questões norteadoras. As atividades foram planejadas a partir do objetivo de promover alinhamento e reflexões sobre o referencial teórico-conceitual da Educação Interprofissional e das práticas colaborativas. Foram definas seis competências: Comunicação Interprofissional; Cuidado centrado no paciente-família-comunidade; Clareza de papéis/funções; Funcionamento da equipe; Liderança Colaborativa; Resolução interprofissional de conflitos. Os pontos destacados foram:  descoberta em aprender com o outro; reflexão sobre seu próprio papel na equipe de trabalho; reconhecimento do papel do outro; percepção de ser necessário estar atento ao outro; mudanças que vão para além do mundo do trabalho e avançam para o âmbito pessoal; compreender a transversalidade da interprofissionalidade e segurança do paciente; atribuição de significados é particular às experiências vividas no subjetivo mesmo que as ações tenham ocorrido no coletivo. As atividades e ações realizadas pelo grupo podem ser vivenciadas em outros cenários, tendo em vista as metodologias de fácil aplicação e os recursos acessíveis.The Education for Work Program provides students with an early insertion in health services, enabling a more comprehensive education. In the health area, interprofessional education presents itself as an important device for changing the training process towards a care centered on the users' needs. The objective is to report the experience of two years in the Education for Work Program PET-Saúde/Interprofessionalidade. Experience report of students, professionals and teachers, lived in different scenarios in the capital of Rondônia. The description of the activities and the individual perception of the participants was carried out based on four guiding questions. The activities were planned from the objective of promoting alignment and reflections on the theoretical-conceptual framework of Interprofessional Education and collaborative practices. Six competences were defined: Interprofessional Communication; Patient-family-community-centered care; Clarity of roles/functions; Team functioning; Collaborative Leadership; Interprofessional conflict resolution. The highlighted points were: discovery in learning from the other; reflection on their own role in the work team; recognition of the role of the other; perception of the need to be aware of the other; changes that go beyond the world of work and advance to the personal level; understand the transversality of interprofessionality and patient safety; attribution of meanings is particular to the experiences lived in the subjective, even if the actions have taken place in the collective. The activities and actions carried out by the group can be experienced in other scenarios, considering the easy-to-apply methodologies and accessible resources.El Programa Educación para el Trabajo brinda a los estudiantes una inserción temprana en los servicios de salud, posibilitando una educación más integral. En el ámbito de la salud, la educación interprofesional se presenta como un importante dispositivo para cambiar el proceso de formación a favor de una atención centrada en las necesidades de los usuarios. El objetivo es informar la experiencia de dos años en el Programa de Educación para el Trabajo - PET-Saúde/Interprofessionalidade. Informe de experiencias de estudiantes, profesionales y profesores, vividas en diferentes escenarios en la capital de Rondônia. La descripción de las actividades y la percepción individual de los participantes se realizó a partir de cuatro preguntas orientadoras. Las actividades se planificaron a partir del objetivo de promover el alineamiento y la reflexión sobre el marco teórico-conceptual de la Educación Interprofesional y las prácticas colaborativas. Se definieron seis competencias: Comunicación interprofesional; Atención centrada en el paciente, la familia y la comunidad; Claridad de roles/funciones; Funcionamiento del equipo; Liderazgo colaborativo; Resolución de conflictos interprofesionales. Los puntos destacados fueron: descubrimiento en el aprendizaje del otro; reflexión sobre su propio rol en el equipo de trabajo; reconocimiento del papel del otro; percepción de la necesidad de ser consciente del otro; cambios que van más allá del mundo laboral y avanzan al nivel personal; comprender la transversalidad de la interprofesionalidad y la seguridad del paciente; La atribución de significados es particular a las experiencias vividas en lo subjetivo, incluso si las acciones han tenido lugar en lo colectivo. Las actividades y acciones realizadas por el grupo se pueden vivir en otros escenarios, en vista de las metodologías de fácil aplicación y los recursos accesibles

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Sucessão, composição florística e biologia da polinização de uma comunidade vegetal do cerrado, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais

The succession is seen as an ecological process that results in environmental changes driven by the biological community culminating in a persistent type of ecosystem. The fire is considered a major factor in the succession of disclímax cerrado areas determining the dynamics and composition of the vegetation. However, when savannas are protected from fire both tolerant and sensitive species increase in density and size, specially the tree species. The aim of the study was to determine changes in the floristic composition, floral biology, aspects of pollination, and nectar supply in a campo sujo area protected against fire for 20 years at Estação Ecológica do Panga, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais. There was an increase in specie richness of 50 species since 1992 to 2012 and the development of trees and species with specialized pollination. This increase in species richness has been seen as an important factor in reducing the variability of pollinator s population density over time. This indicates a greater stability of the pollinator community, improving functional redundancy, so that can potentially compensate extinctions. Besides the species richness, abundance of flowers is another important factor in structuring communities of pollinators. Hence, the greater plant diversity, the greater the floral abundance and availability of food for these animals, increasing temporal stability in resources supply.Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas GeraisMestre em Ecologia e Conservação de Recursos NaturaisA sucessão é tida como um processo ecológico que resulta na modificação do ambiente pela comunidade biológica culminando em um tipo de ecossistema persistente. O fogo é considerado um dos principais fatores na sucessão de áreas de cerrado disclímax determinando a dinâmica e a composição da vegetação. No entanto, quando savanas são protegidas contra incêndios, tanto espécies tolerantes ao fogo quanto aquelas sensíveis ao fogo aumentam em densidade e tamanho individual, especialmente as espécies arbóreas. O objetivo do estudo foi verificar mudanças ocorridas na composição florística, biologia floral, aspectos da polinização e oferta de néctar em uma área de campo sujo, protegida contra o fogo durante 20 anos, na Estação Ecológica do Panga, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais. Observou-se o aumento de 50 espécies de 1992 para 2012 e o desenvolvimento de espécies arbóreas e sistemas especializados de polinização. Esse aumento de diversidade/ riqueza tem sido visto como um fator importante na redução da variabilidade das densidades de populações de polinizadores ao longo do tempo. O que indica uma maior estabilidade da comunidade de polinizadores, aumentando a redundância funcional, para que potenciais extinções possam ser compensadas. Além da riqueza de espécies, a abundância de flores é outro fator importante na estruturação das comunidades de polinizadores. Visto que quanto maior a diversidade de espécies vegetais, maior a abundância de recursos florais e maior a disponibilidade de alimento para esses animais, aumentando estabilidade temporal na oferta desses recursos