Women and Reproductive Technologies

A sociological and historical study of the development of reproductive technologies, this book focuses on key technological developments through a biomedicalization lens with special attention to gender. Using in vitro fertilization (IVF) as a hub, it critically examines the main areas of related socio-technical developments: reproductive science, birth control, animal husbandry, genetics and reproductive medicine. Employing a critical framework to illuminate dominant discourses, the book also highlights examples of social resistance, as well as contradictory responses to new reproductive technologies. Over eight chapters, the author examines the social history of reproduction and sexuality, reproductive technologies from old to new and debates surrounding new reproductive technologies and genetic engineering. Women and Reproductive Technologies pays close attention to the interconnections between the business of reproduction (and replication industries), the sociality of reproduction (including reproductive justice) and what are considered the technologies themselves. As such, it constitutes essential reading for students and researchers in the fields of sociology, health studies and gender studies interested in the current state of human reproduction

Determination of adaptation levels and applications for fistulas care and protection to disease of patients with arteriovenous fistula

Introduction: The aims of this study were to the determinate adaptation to chronic disease, applications for arteriovenous fistula (AVF) care,  protection of hemodialysis (HD) patients with an AVF, and to determine the relationships between adaptation and application. Methods: This research is a prospective, descriptive, and cross-sectional type of research. Sample of the study accounted for 180 patients who underwent HD. Research was completed with 114 patients. The research was conducted from July 2019 to September 2019, in two different dialysis centers in Osmaniye Province. The data were collected using The Patient Identification Form and Adaptation to Chronic Illness Scale. Mean ± Standard deviation, percentages, and independent samples t-test analysis was used. Results: When the scale scores of the patients participating in the study were evaluated, determined to level of total adaptation with chronic disease and physical adaptation was to above the average score (40.24 ± 5.99). Social adaptation (21.82 ± 6.39) and psychological adaptation (22.91 ± 5.39) levels can be said to be moderate. Individuals who exercised with the ball to mature the fistula, who was careful to dress and keep the area dry on the 1st day of the operation, who was careful not to apply lotion to the fistula area, and who complied with the fluid restriction were found to have higher levels of adaptation with the disease. Conclusion: As a result, it is observed that the general and physical adaptation levels to chronic disease are above the average and social and psychological adaptation levels are medium-level. However, it is observed that the adaptation level of the participants who stated that they performed all applications for AVF care and protection properly is higher. In line with these findings, the adaptation level of patients should be increased by a patient-centred and multifaceted approach

Gender Gap in Parental Leave Intentions: Evidence from 37 Countries

Despite global commitments and efforts, a gender-based division of paid and unpaid work persists. To identify how psychological factors, national policies, and the broader sociocultural context contribute to this inequality, we assessed parental-leave intentions in young adults (18–30 years old) planning to have children (N = 13,942; 8,880 identified as women; 5,062 identified as men) across 37 countries that varied in parental-leave policies and societal gender equality. In all countries, women intended to take longer leave than men. National parental-leave policies and women’s political representation partially explained cross-national variations in the gender gap. Gender gaps in leave intentions were paradoxically larger in countries with more gender-egalitarian parental-leave policies (i.e., longer leave available to both fathers and mothers). Interestingly, this cross-national variation in the gender gap was driven by cross-national variations in women’s (rather than men’s) leave intentions. Financially generous leave and gender-egalitarian policies (linked to men’s higher uptake in prior research) were not associated with leave intentions in men. Rather, men’s leave intentions were related to their individual gender attitudes. Leave intentions were inversely related to career ambitions. The potential for existing policies to foster gender equality in paid and unpaid work is discussed.Gender Gap in Parental Leave Intentions: Evidence from 37 CountriespublishedVersio

Gender Gap in Parental Leave Intentions: Evidence from 37 Countries

Despite global commitments and efforts, a gender-based division of paid and unpaid work persists. To identify how psychological factors, national policies, and the broader sociocultural context contribute to this inequality, we assessed parental-leave intentions in young adults (18–30 years old) planning to have children (N = 13,942; 8,880 identified as women; 5,062 identified as men) across 37 countries that varied in parental-leave policies and societal gender equality. In all countries, women intended to take longer leave than men. National parental-leave policies and women’s political representation partially explained cross-national variations in the gender gap. Gender gaps in leave intentions were paradoxically larger in countries with more gender-egalitarian parental-leave policies (i.e., longer leave available to both fathers and mothers). Interestingly, this cross-national variation in the gender gap was driven by cross-national variations in women’s (rather than men’s) leave intentions. Financially generous leave and gender-egalitarian policies (linked to men’s higher uptake in prior research) were not associated with leave intentions in men. Rather, men’s leave intentions were related to their individual gender attitudes. Leave intentions were inversely related to career ambitions. The potential for existing policies to foster gender equality in paid and unpaid work is discussed

The meaning of parental control in migrant, sending, and host communities: Adaptation or persistence?

The goal of the present study was to investigate whether migrant adolescents tend to adopt the host culture's view of parental control or whether they are inclined to reaffirm their heritage culture with regard to the meaning assigned to parental control. The hypotheses regarding the level and meaning of parental control were tested on 296 Turkish-Belgian adolescents, 306 Turks in Turkey, and 304 Belgians in Belgium with median ages of 16, 17, and 16, respectively. Although migrants reported the highest level of parental control, their ratings of parental warmth, satisfaction with the relationships with their parents, and self-esteem did not correlate with parental control as was the case among Belgians. The findings suggest that traditional parenting is accentuated in migrant families, and that there is continuity in the traditional meaning of parental control in migration. Findings are discussed with reference to contextual factors that may reinforce culture maintenance in migration.status: publishe

Turkish university students' relationships with their friends and families:social support, satisfaction and loneliness

M.S. - Master of Scienc

The interplay between values, acculturation and adaptation: A study on Turkish-Belgian adolescents

Although there is a bulk of evidence for the relations between values, acculturation, and adaptation, the interrelations between these key concepts of the acculturation literature have not yet been investigated simultaneously. The present study proposes a model connecting value orientations (separatedness and conformity) to adaptation outcomes (sociocultural and psychological). Furthermore, this link was hypothesized to be strengthened by an indirect relationship where acculturation strategies (culture maintenance and culture adoption) would relate certain values to certain aspects of adaptation. The model was tested on 287 Turkish-Belgian adolescents with an average age of 16.27 years (SD = 1.86 years). SEM analysis confirmed the hypothesized indirect links underlining the crucial role of acculturation strategies as mediators in the adaptation process. Separatedness predicted sociocultural adaptation via culture adoption whereas conformity impacted psychological adaptation via culture maintenance. In addition, separatedness predicted poorer psychological adaptation. Results were discussed with reference to inverse benefits and costs of individualism and collectivism.status: publishe

Psychological integration and adaptation of the second generation European Turks: A comparative review from the perspective of bi-dimensional acculturation

Turkish immigrants and their families in Western Europe tend to continue their traditional heritage culture in the sense of strong family ties and conformity to parents. The children of these migrants are faced with the individualistic value system of Western societies, especially in academic and work domains. In a context where the lifestyles and worldviews of Turkish immigrants are under public scrutiny, how do second generation European Turks bridge heritage and mainstream cultures, or to what extent can they achieve integration? The aim of the present article is to address this question from the perspective of a bi-dimensional acculturation model that conceptualizes integration in terms of dual cultural orientations. The first section presents an integrative review of the literature on the perspectives of European majority and immigrant groups to immigrants’ integration. The second section presents the summary of findings from our recent cross-cultural comparative research program on the integration of the second generation. The first section concludes that, according to Western Europeans, the culture of Turkish migrants is irreconcilable with European culture, thus immigrants should relinquish their heritage culture if they want to integrate with the mainstream society (assimilation); however, according to Turkish immigrants, simultaneous attachment to different cultural groups and values is both possible and desirable (integration). The second section suggests that persistent traditionalism in immigrant families, in the sense of authoritarian parenting, conformist-relational self and strong religious attachment, basically strengthens the ties with the heritage culture and does not necessarily stand in the way of mainstream culture adoption.status: publishe