Social, cultural and working conditions determinants of fatal and non-fatal occupational accidents in Europe

SAŽETAK: Opisane su determinante nesreća na radu s aspekta društvenih, kulturnih i radnih uvjeta, i to na razini Europe kao naroda. Podatci o nesrećama sa smrtnim i nesmrtnim posljedicama u 2014. godini koje je prikupio Eurostat korelirani su s podatcima pojedinih zemalja 7. Europskog društvenog izvješća (ESS) iz 2014. Izvješće prikazuje društvene determinante nesreća na radu. Nacionalna kulturna obilježja koje je utvrdio Gert Hofstede korelirana su s podatcima pojedinih zemalja utvrđenih ESS-om. Nadalje, korištenjem podataka 6. Europskog izvješća o radnim uvjetima po pojedinim zemljama (podatci iz 2015.) analiziraju se smrtne i nesmrtne nesreće u pojedinim zemljama, a i njihova povezanost s društvenim i kulturnim obilježjima. Ova višestruka studija povezanosti otkriva zanimljivu vezu između smr-tnih i nesmrtnih nesreća i društvenih i kulturnih čimbenika te između društvenih i kulturnih čimbenika i radnih uvjeta, uzimajući pojedinu europsku zemlju kao jedinicu analize. Rezultati pokazuju međusobnu povezanost područja proučavanih u studiji te usmjeravaju razvoj politika posebno definiranih za svaku pojedinu zemlju.The determinants of occupational accidents from a social, cultural and a working condi-tions combined perspective are unveiled considering the level of analysis of the European nation. Fatal and non-fatal work accidents in 2014, collected and provided by Eurostat, are correlated with country by country results of the 7th European Social Survey (ESS) (2014 data). This informs on social deter-minants of work accidents. National Dimensions of Culture proposed by Gert Hofstede are correlated with country by country results of the ESS informing on cultural determinants of the European Social Dimensions reported on the ESS. Moreover, considering data from the 6th European Working Condi-tions Survey (2015 data), working conditions, on a country by country basis as well, are further consid-ered and analyzed from the perspective of fatal and non-fatal accidents and from the perspective of social and cultural dimensions. This multiple pronged study of association unveils interesting associa-tions between fatal and non-fatal work accidents and working conditions, as well as between fatal and non-fatal work accidents and social and cultural dimensions, and, between social and cultural dimen-sions and working conditions, taking the European country as a unit of analysis. The findings shed light on the interconnectedness of the distinct domains under study, as well as informing policy development towards creating tailor made approaches suiting each country reality within the countries encompassed in the analysis

A Method for User Centering Systematic Product DevelopmentAimed at Industrial Design Students

Instead of limiting the introduction and stimulus for newconcept creation to lists of specifications, industrial designstudents seem to prefer to be encouraged by ideas incontext. A new method that specifically tackles humanactivity to foster the creation of user centered concepts ofnew products was developed and is presented in thisarticle. This approach supports to push the limits ofcreativity to get passed existing concepts. This articlestresses important aspects of established literature aboutthe process of developing products, highlighting how therequirements of the specification are encouraged as a firststep in creating new concepts. The theory about activity,developed by Leontiev and Vygotsky, can fundamentallybe used to the benefit of many examples of humanactivity. Systematic design procedures are also used in themethod presented to evaluate and improve the initialconcept drafts and guide their development

The Expanded Cognitive Task Load Index (NASA-TLX) applied to Team Decision-Making in Emergency Preparedness Simulation

The study demonstrates the use of the expanded TLX instrument (Helton, Funke & Knott, 2014) for cognitive and team-related workload self-assessment of 38 participants, solving the UNISDR – ONU stop disasters game simulation. Subjectsin one group (GF; n=30) performed group decision-making without prior individual practice on the simulation. A subset of GF participants (n=6) subsequently reiterated the simulation alone, reassessing their cognitive workload. Another group (IF; n=8) individually performed the simulation and reiterated it in groups. Most GFparticipants, moving from group to singly conditions, reported decreasing physicaland temporal demands, unchanged self-assessed performance, and increased mentaldemands, effort and frustration. IF participants incurred increasing mental, physical and temporal demands, as well as increased effort, with decreasing frustration and better performance, from singly to group conditions. Team workload results differed across groups; GF had higher levels of reported team dissatisfaction, equivalent assessments of team support and lower assessments of coordination and communication demands coupled with decreased time sharing as well as lower team effectiveness, compared to IF. Results bear implications on training of decision-making teams; singly training team members preceding group training supportsteam-decision making effectiveness and individual performance within teams goingthrough first stages of a system learning curve.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

The state of the Martian climate

60°N was +2.0°C, relative to the 1981–2010 average value (Fig. 5.1). This marks a new high for the record. The average annual surface air temperature (SAT) anomaly for 2016 for land stations north of starting in 1900, and is a significant increase over the previous highest value of +1.2°C, which was observed in 2007, 2011, and 2015. Average global annual temperatures also showed record values in 2015 and 2016. Currently, the Arctic is warming at more than twice the rate of lower latitudes