Music in the education of students with special needs education in Spain: Legislative analysis and proposal for improvement

Este artículo presenta un análisis de la situación de la música en la oferta educativa del alumnado con necesidades educativas especiales en Educación Infantil, Primaria y de Educación Especial. Se realiza un estudio de revisión documental de la legislación que regula el Sistema Educativo Español desde la Ley General de Educación (LGE, 1970) hasta la Ley Orgánica 3/2020, por la que se modifica la Ley Orgánica de Educación (LOMLOE, 2020), se valora la implicación de la música en la educación del alumnado con necesidades educativas especiales, su función educativa, el perfil del profesorado encargado de su enseñanza y se sugieren propuestas de mejora.This article presents an analysis of the musical situation in the education of students with special educational needs enrolled at Pre-school, Primary and Special Education levels. Based on a documentary review of the legislation that regulates the Spanish Educational System from the General Education Law (LGE, 1970) to the Organic Law 3/2020, which amends the Organic Law on Education (LOMLOE, 2020), implications of music in the education of students with special educational needs, its educational function, the music teacher’s profile and suggestions for improvement are presented

Aportaciones de la investigación cualitativa sobre videojuegos

El objetivo de la investigación es profundizar sobre la percepción de los niños hacia los videojuegos, su manera de estar ante ellos y el lugar que ocupan en sus vidas. Los autores utilizan mini grupos de discusión con niños y niñas entre 7 y 9 años y entre 10 y 12 separados por género combinando hábitat y clase sociocultural. Los hábitos de los hogares, de estudio, el tiempo que pasan con sus padres y otros niños y el hábitat determina decisivamente la cantidad de tiempo que dedican a jugar reforzando anteriores estudios del mismo equipo sobre la idea de que los videojuegos y otros contenidos audiovisuales no son malos por sí mismos sino dependiendo de múltiples factores. Diferencias entre edades y género son también tratadas en este artículo

Efecto del estrés calorico agudo sobre el contenido muscular de glucógeno y la calidad de carne de aves

El glucógeno es la forma en que la glucosa es almacenada en el músculo como reserva energética, y la cantidad de ésta puede variar según el balance energético del ave y la respuesta al estrés. La explotación comercial de pollos parrilleros es una de las producciones animales más intensificadas, en la que el bienestar animal constituye un gran desafío, en especial al momento del transporte y descarga en frigorífico. El estrés térmico afecta las reservas musculares de glucógeno, así como el pH de la carne avícola. Esto se acompaña de mayores pérdidas por goteo y palidez, afectando la calidad de la carne avícola. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el impacto del estrés térmico ante-mortem sobre el contenido de glucógeno muscular (CGM) y la calidad de carne de pollo.Facultad de Ciencias Veterinaria

Els materials de construcció: de l’aula a l’obra. Una experiència d’aprenentatge actiu en entorn virtual

El projecte consisteix en el disseny i desenvolupament d’eines i metodologia adequades per tal de facilitar a l’alumnat la visualització, comprensió i estudi de diferents aspectes relatius als materials de construcció. Així, per una banda s’han elaborat materials audiovisuals sota criteris d’adequació pedagògica en els quals es presenta un aspecte relacionat amb l’obtenció i aplicació de diversos materials de construcció. D’altra banda, a partir de l’experiència mostrada es desenvolupa una activitat que porta a l'alumne a reflexionar sobre els coneixements adquirits (a l'aula, al laboratori i a través del visionat dels vídeos) i a consolidar aquests coneixements, millorant així el seu aprenentatge. Les possibilitats que ofereix l’entorn virtual basat en la plataforma Moodle, a través del Campus Digital Atenea permeten gestionar les activitats proposades.Peer Reviewe

Hormones and bile acids as biomarkers for the characterization of animal management in prehistoric sheepfold caves: El Mirador case (Sierra de Atapuerca, Burgos, Spain

Early husbandry practices that include herd management and the use of livestock areas such as sheepfold caves can be analysed in the context of different disciplines (e.g. zooarchaeology, micromorphology, and archaeobotany). In this study, a new and standard method for the determination of bile acids and steroidal hormones that incorporates microwave extraction-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was used. This method has been applied successfully to analyse Neolithic fumier deposit facies from the El Mirador cave, a location that was used as a prehistoric sheepfold and is located in the Atapuerca range (Burgos, Spain). The results obtained demonstrated that the analysis of bile acids can be useful for the identification of remains of ruminant residues in the facies studied. In addition, the progesterone/deoxycholic acid ratio has been used as a possible biomarker to improve our understanding of flock management, including the separation of pregnant and nursing ewes from the rest of the herd to avoid the rejection of the lamb and keep them safe and healthy.The authors thank the technical and human support provided by the Alava Central Service of Analysis of SGIker (UPV/EHU, MINECO, GV/ EJ, ERDF, and ESF) and Paula Rivero for the elaboration of the graphical abstract. Patricia Martín is grateful for her postdoctoral fellowship to Juan de la Cierva Subprogramme (FJCI-2016-29045) with financial sponsorship from the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry, and Competitiveness and for her recent "Maria de Maeztu" excellenceaccreditation from the Spanish Minstry of Science and Innovation (CEX2019-000945-M), and to Ane Gorostizu-Orkaiztegi for her pre- doctoral fellowships to the University of the Basque Country. This work was funded by the Department of Industry, Innovation, Commerce, and Tourism of the Basque Government (SAI12/25 Project), the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and University (PGC 2018-093925-B- C32 project) and by the Basque Government, Research Groups of the Basque University System (Project No. IT925-16)

A model based on the combination of ifn-γ, ip-10, ferritin and 25-hydroxyvitamin d for discriminating latent from active tuberculosis in children

Altres ajuts: This work was supported by grants from: (i) the Isolana Foundation, (ii) the Maria Francisca de Roviralta Foundation expedient AT/MA 1-19/07/2017, AT/MA 70-27/04/2016, and AT/MA 3-22/10/2014 and (vi) Fundació Recerca i Docència Mútua Terrassa.In recent years, pediatric research on tuberculosis (TB) has focused on addressing new biomarkers with the potential to be used as immunological non-sputum-based methods for the diagnosis of TB in children. The aim of this study was to characterize a set of cytokines and a series of individual factors (ferritin, 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], parasite infections, and nutritional status) to assess different patterns for discriminating between active TB and latent TB infection (LTBI) in children. The levels of 13 cytokines in QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube (QFT-GIT) supernatants were analyzed in 166 children: 74 with active TB, 37 with LTBI, and 55 uninfected controls. All cytokines were quantified using Luminex or ELISA. Ferritin and 25(OH)D were also evaluated using CLIA, and Toxocara canis Ig-G antibodies were detected with a commercial ELISA kit. The combination of IP-10, IFN-γ, ferritin, and 25(OH)D achieved the best diagnostic performance to discriminate between active TB and LTBI cases in children in relation to the area under receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve 0.955 (confidence interval 95%: 0.91-1.00), achieving optimal sensitivity and specificity for the development of a new test (93.2 and 90.0%, respectively). Children with TB showed higher ferritin levels and an inverse correlation between 25(OH)D and IFN-γ levels. The model proposed includes a combination of biomarkers for discriminating between active TB and LTBI in children to improve the accuracy of TB diagnosis in children. This combination of biomarkers might have potential for identifying the onset of primary TB in children

Estudio de la relación heterófilos-linfocitos como indicador indirecto de estrés en avicultura industrial

Los heterófilos son células de la serie blanca sanguínea que desempeñan un importante papel en el sistema inmunológico de las aves. Se presentan dentro de parámetros establecidos para cada especie, y guardan una relación con los linfocitos. Aumentan en sangre periférica en respuesta a procesos inflamatorios, infecciones y secundariamente a elevados niveles de cortisol. Diversas investigaciones han citado la relación heterófilos- linfocitos como un posible indicador indirecto de bienestar animal en producción avícola, aumentando este parámetro bajo condiciones de estrés. Numerosas pérdidas productivas en la avicultura tienen su origen en situaciones estresantes para los animales. El objetivo de este trabajo fue establecer una curva normal de la relación heterófilos- linfocitos en la vida productiva de las aves, y evaluar su comportamiento en relación a factores de estrés experimentados en condiciones reales de explotación.Facultad de Ciencias Veterinaria

Urine NMR-based TB metabolic fingerprinting for the diagnosis of TB in children

Tuberculosis (TB) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in children, and early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to reduce long-term morbidity and mortality. In this study, we explore whether urine nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolomics could be used to identify differences in the metabolic response of children with different diagnostic certainty of TB. We included 62 children with signs and symptoms of TB and 55 apparently healthy children. Six of the children with presumptive TB had bacteriologically confirmed TB, 52 children with unconfirmed TB, and 4 children with unlikely TB. Urine metabolic fingerprints were identified using high- and low-field proton NMR platforms and assessed with pattern recognition techniques such as principal components analysis and partial least squares discriminant analysis. We observed differences in the metabolic fingerprint of children with bacteriologically confirmed and unconfirmed TB compared to children with unlikely TB (p = 0.041 and p = 0.013, respectively). Moreover, children with unconfirmed TB with X-rays compatible with TB showed differences in the metabolic fingerprint compared to children with non-pathological X-rays (p = 0.009). Differences in the metabolic fingerprint in children with different diagnostic certainty of TB could contribute to a more accurate characterisation of TB in the paediatric population. The use of metabolomics could be useful to improve the prediction of TB progression and diagnosis in children

Perspectives for systems biology in the management of tuberculosis

Standardised management of tuberculosis may soon be replaced by individualised, precision medicine-guided therapies informed with knowledge provided by the field of systems biology. Systems biology is a rapidly expanding field of computational and mathematical analysis and modelling of complex biological systems that can provide insights into mechanisms underlying tuberculosis, identify novel biomarkers, and help to optimise prevention, diagnosis and treatment of disease. These advances are critically important in the context of the evolving epidemic of drug-resistant tuberculosis. Here, we review the available evidence on the role of systems biology approaches - human and mycobacterial genomics and transcriptomics, proteomics, lipidomics/metabolomics, immunophenotyping, systems pharmacology and gut microbiomes - in the management of tuberculosis including prediction of risk for disease progression, severity of mycobacterial virulence and drug resistance, adverse events, comorbidities, response to therapy and treatment outcomes. Application of the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach demonstrated that at present most of the studies provide "very low" certainty of evidence for answering clinically relevant questions. Further studies in large prospective cohorts of patients, including randomised clinical trials, are necessary to assess the applicability of the findings in tuberculosis prevention and more efficient clinical management of patients.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe

Switching to Glycerol Phenylbutyrate in 48 Patients with Urea Cycle Disorders: Clinical Experience in Spain

Background and objectives: Glycerol phenylbutyrate (GPB) has demonstrated safety and efficacy in patients with urea cycle disorders (UCDs) by means of its clinical trial program, but there are limited data in clinical practice. In order to analyze the efficacy and safety of GPB in clinical practice, here we present a national Spanish experience after direct switching from another nitrogen scavenger to GPB. Methods: This observational, retrospective, multicenter study was performed in 48 UCD patients (age 11.7 ± 8.2 years) switching to GPB in 13 centers from nine Spanish regions. Clinical, biochemical, and nutritional data were collected at three different times: prior to GPB introduction, at first follow-up assessment, and after one year of GPB treatment. Number of related adverse effects and hyperammonemic crisis 12 months before and after GPB introduction were recorded. Results: GPB was administered at a 247.8 ± 102.1 mg/kg/day dose, compared to 262.6 ± 126.1 mg/kg/day of previous scavenger (46/48 Na-phenylbutyrate). At first follow-up (79 ± 59 days), a statistically significant reduction in ammonia (from 40.2 ± 17.3 to 32.6 ± 13.9 μmol/L, p < 0.001) and glutamine levels (from 791.4 ± 289.8 to 648.6 ± 247.41 μmol/L, p < 0.001) was observed. After one year of GPB treatment (411 ± 92 days), we observed an improved metabolic control (maintenance of ammonia and glutamine reduction, with improved branched chain amino acids profile), and a reduction in hyperammonemic crisis rate (from 0.3 ± 0.7 to less than 0.1 ± 0.3 crisis/patients/year, p = 0.02) and related adverse effects (RAE, from 0.5 to less than 0.1 RAEs/patients/year p < 0.001). Conclusions: This study demonstrates the safety of direct switching from other nitrogen scavengers to GPB in clinical practice, which improves efficacy, metabolic control, and RAE compared to previous treatments.This study was funded by AECOM (Spanish Association for the Study of Inborn Errors of Metabolism). Immedica Pharma Spain funded medical writing support and article processing charges