Measurement of negatively charged pion spectra in inelastic p+p interactions at plabp_{lab} = 20, 31, 40, 80 and 158 GeV/c

We present experimental results on inclusive spectra and mean multiplicities of negatively charged pions produced in inelastic p+p interactions at incident projectile momenta of 20, 31, 40, 80 and 158 GeV/c ($\sqrt{s} =$ 6.3, 7.7, 8.8, 12.3 and 17.3 GeV, respectively). The measurements were performed using the large acceptance NA61/SHINE hadron spectrometer at the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron. Two-dimensional spectra are determined in terms of rapidity and transverse momentum. Their properties such as the width of rapidity distributions and the inverse slope parameter of transverse mass spectra are extracted and their collision energy dependences are presented. The results on inelastic p+p interactions are compared with the corresponding data on central Pb+Pb collisions measured by the NA49 experiment at the CERN SPS. The results presented in this paper are part of the NA61/SHINE ion program devoted to the study of the properties of the onset of deconfinement and search for the critical point of strongly interacting matter. They are required for interpretation of results on nucleus-nucleus and proton-nucleus collisions.Comment: Numerical results available at: https://edms.cern.ch/document/1314605 Updates in v3: Updated version, as accepted for publicatio

Pion emission from the T2K replica target: method, results and application

The T2K long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiment in Japan needs precise predictions of the initial neutrino flux. The highest precision can be reached based on detailed measurements of hadron emission from the same target as used by T2K exposed to a proton beam of the same kinetic energy of 30 GeV. The corresponding data were recorded in 2007-2010 by the NA61/SHINE experiment at the CERN SPS using a replica of the T2K graphite target. In this paper details of the experiment, data taking, data analysis method and results from the 2007 pilot run are presented. Furthermore, the application of the NA61/SHINE measurements to the predictions of the T2K initial neutrino flux is described and discussed.Comment: updated version as published by NIM

Multiplicity and transverse momentum fluctuations in inelastic proton-proton interactions at the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron

Measurements of multiplicity and transverse momentum fluctuations of charged particles were performed in inelastic p+p interactions at 20, 31, 40, 80 and 158 GeV/c beam momentum. Results for the scaled variance of the multiplicity distribution and for three strongly intensive measures of multiplicity and transverse momentum fluctuations \$\Delta[P_{T},N]\$, \$\Sigma[P_{T},N]\$ and \$\Phi_{p_T}\$ are presented. For the first time the results on fluctuations are fully corrected for experimental biases. The results on multiplicity and transverse momentum fluctuations significantly deviate from expectations for the independent particle production. They also depend on charges of selected hadrons. The string-resonance Monte Carlo models EPOS and UrQMD do not describe the data. The scaled variance of multiplicity fluctuations is significantly higher in inelastic p+p interactions than in central Pb+Pb collisions measured by NA49 at the same energy per nucleon. This is in qualitative disagreement with the predictions of the Wounded Nucleon Model. Within the statistical framework the enhanced multiplicity fluctuations in inelastic p+p interactions can be interpreted as due to event-by-event fluctuations of the fireball energy and/or volume.Comment: 18 pages, 12 figure

NA61/SHINE facility at the CERN SPS: beams and detector system

NA61/SHINE (SPS Heavy Ion and Neutrino Experiment) is a multi-purpose experimental facility to study hadron production in hadron-proton, hadron-nucleus and nucleus-nucleus collisions at the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron. It recorded the first physics data with hadron beams in 2009 and with ion beams (secondary 7Be beams) in 2011. NA61/SHINE has greatly profited from the long development of the CERN proton and ion sources and the accelerator chain as well as the H2 beamline of the CERN North Area. The latter has recently been modified to also serve as a fragment separator as needed to produce the Be beams for NA61/SHINE. Numerous components of the NA61/SHINE set-up were inherited from its predecessors, in particular, the last one, the NA49 experiment. Important new detectors and upgrades of the legacy equipment were introduced by the NA61/SHINE Collaboration. This paper describes the state of the NA61/SHINE facility - the beams and the detector system - before the CERN Long Shutdown I, which started in March 2013

Prototype ATLAS IBL Modules using the FE-I4A Front-End Readout Chip

The ATLAS Collaboration will upgrade its semiconductor pixel tracking detector with a new Insertable B-layer (IBL) between the existing pixel detector and the vacuum pipe of the Large Hadron Collider. The extreme operating conditions at this location have necessitated the development of new radiation hard pixel sensor technologies and a new front-end readout chip, called the FE-I4. Planar pixel sensors and 3D pixel sensors have been investigated to equip this new pixel layer, and prototype modules using the FE-I4A have been fabricated and characterized using 120 GeV pions at the CERN SPS and 4 GeV positrons at DESY, before and after module irradiation. Beam test results are presented, including charge collection efficiency, tracking efficiency and charge sharing.Comment: 45 pages, 30 figures, submitted to JINS

Measurements of π±\pi^\pm, K±K^\pm, KS0K^0_S, Λ\Lambda and proton production in proton-carbon interactions at 31 GeV/cc with the NA61/SHINE spectrometer at the CERN SPS

Measurements of hadron production in p+C interactions at 31 GeV/c are performed using the NA61/ SHINE spectrometer at the CERN SPS. The analysis is based on the full set of data collected in 2009 using a graphite target with a thickness of 4% of a nuclear interaction length. Inelastic and production cross sections as well as spectra of $\pi^\pm$, $K^\pm$, p, $K^0_S$ and $\Lambda$ are measured with high precision. These measurements are essential for improved calculations of the initial neutrino fluxes in the T2K long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiment in Japan. A comparison of the NA61/SHINE measurements with predictions of several hadroproduction models is presented.Comment: v1 corresponds to the preprint CERN-PH-EP-2015-278; v2 matches the final published versio

Electron-muon ranger: performance in the MICE muon beam

The Muon Ionization Cooling Experiment (MICE) will perform a detailed study of ionization cooling to evaluate the feasibility of the technique. To carry out this program, MICE requires an efficient particle-identification (PID) system to identify muons. The Electron-Muon Ranger (EMR) is a fully-active tracking-calorimeter that forms part of the PID system and tags muons that traverse the cooling channel without decaying. The detector is capable of identifying electrons with an efficiency of 98.6%, providing a purity for the MICE beam that exceeds 99.8%. The EMR also proved to be a powerful tool for the reconstruction of muon momenta in the range 100–280 MeV/c

Electron-muon ranger: performance in the MICE muon beam

The Muon Ionization Cooling Experiment (MICE) will perform a detailed study of ionization cooling to evaluate the feasibility of the technique. To carry out this program, MICE requires an efficient particle-identification (PID) system to identify muons. The Electron-Muon Ranger (EMR) is a fully-active tracking-calorimeter that forms part of the PID system and tags muons that traverse the cooling channel without decaying. The detector is capable of identifying electrons with an efficiency of 98.6%, providing a purity for the MICE beam that exceeds 99.8%. The EMR also proved to be a powerful tool for the reconstruction of muon momenta in the range 100–280 MeV/c

Lesões musculoesqueléticas em policiais militares

INTRODUCTION: The physical qualities need to be analyzed and are risk factors associated with the development of musculoskeletal injuries during military sports training. OBJECTIVE: Epidemiological studies of musculoskeletal injuries occurred in the ankle and foot of military police officers. METHODS: We collected all the medical records of military police officers who have suffered previous injuries in the ankle and foot during the period September 2005 to August 2011. The information was obtained through physical therapy evaluation form found in the records and subsequently the data were tabulated and analyzed. RESULTS: After collecting the data from the medical records, it was found that there 29% bone injuries, 32% ligament injuries and 35% muscle injuries. CONCLUSION: A sprained ankle demonstrates a risk to public health is described by the international statistical classification of diseases and related health problems, which is also in the military environment, described as risk during sports practice.INTRODUCCIÓN: Las cualidades físicas precisan ser analizadas y se vinculan como factores de riesgos para desarrollar lesiones musculoesqueléticas durante el entrenamiento deportivo-militar. OBJETIVO: Recolectar datos sobre epidemiología de las lesiones musculoesqueléticas ocurridas en tobillos y pies de policías militares. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Se analizaron todas las fichas médicas de policías militares que sufrieron lesiones previas en tobillos y pies durante el período de septiembre de 2005 a agosto de 2011; las informaciones fueron obtenidas mediante los formularios de evaluación fisioterapéutica que se encontraban en las fichas médicas; posteriormente, los datos obtenidos fueron tabulados y analizados. RESULTADOS: Después de la recolección de datos de las fichas médicas se observó 29% de lesiones óseas, 32% de ligamentarias y 35% de musculares. CONCLUSIÓN: La torcedura de tobillo demuestra ser un riesgo para la salud pública como se describe en la clasificación estadística internacional de enfermedades y problemas relacionados con la salud, siendo en el medio militar señalada también como un riesgo durante la práctica deportiva.INTRODUÇÃO: As qualidades físicas precisam ser analisadas e estão associadas como fatores de risco a desenvolver lesões musculoesqueléticas durante o treinamento esportivo militar. OBJETIVO: Levantar a epidemiologia das lesões musculoesqueléticas ocorridas em tornozelo e pé de policiais militares. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Foram coletados todos os prontuários de policiais militares que sofreram lesões prévias no tornozelo e pé durante o período de setembro de 2005 a agosto de 2011, as informações foram obtidas através da ficha de avaliação fisioterapêutica constatada nos prontuários, posteriormente os dados obtidos foram tabulados e analisados. RESULTADOS: Após a coleta de dados dos prontuários foi observado que houve 29% de lesões ósseas, 32% de ligamentares e 35% de musculares. CONCLUSÃO: A entorse de tornozelo demonstra um risco à saúde pública como descrita pela classificação estatística internacional de doenças e problemas relacionados à saúde, sendo no meio militar também descrita como um risco durante a prática esportiva.Centro de Reabilitação da Polícia MilitarUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Centro de Traumatologia do EsporteUNIFESP, Centro de Traumatologia do EsporteSciEL