Documenti inediti e trattati di medicina appartenenti alla Scuola medica salernitana

De secretis mulierum, De chirurgia et de Modo medendi Libri septem. Poema medicum nunc primum in lucem editum, P.1-176; Sul Poema Medicum, Lettera del dot. Daremberg al professor Malgaigne, P. 177-184; Pratica Petrocelli Salernitani, P. 185-286; Fragmenta Secundi libri Praticae Petrocelli, P. 287-291; Fragmenta codicis Biblioth. Ambrosiana Mediolanensis, cui titulus Incipiunt Cure Petrocelli, P. 292-314; Sulle opere che vanno sotto il nome di Petroncello, P. 315-320; Pratica Magistri Bartholomaei Salernitani, P. 321-408; Regulae urinarum Mag Joannis Platearii Salernitani hec sunt regule urinarum secundum Johannem Plaetearium, P. 409-412; Rubrica De Pulsibus secundum Magistrum Rumualdum Salernitanum, P. 413-414; Cophonis Ars Medendi, P. 415-504; De urinis secundum Mattheum de Archiepiscopo, P. 506-512; Mag. Mauri Salernitani in Hippocratis Aphorismos Commentarium, P. 513-556; Tabulae Magistri Petri Maranchi Salernitani, P. 559-563; Consilia medica Caesarii Coppula Salernitani, P. 566-567; Intorno alla scuola medica di Salerno ed a’ suoi maestri, P. 568-578; Notizia de’manoscritti antichi del Medio-Evo conservati nella reale biblioteca borbonica, e sopra alcune opere appartenenti a’ maestri salernitani, P. 579-596; Se la scuola di Salerno fin dall’origine fu laicale, P. 597-598; Regimen sanitatis; P. 599-602; Giovanni Da Procida, P. 603-614

Documenti inediti e trattati di medicina appartenenti alla Scuola medica salernitana

Flos Medicinale Scholae Salerni, P.1; Pars Prima.Hygiene, P. 2-23; Pars Secunda. Materia Medica, P. 24-44; Pars Tertia. Anatomica, P. 45-46; Pars Quarta. Physiologica, P. 47-52; Pars Quinta. Etiologica, P.53-58; Pars sexta. Semiotica, P. 59-72; Pars Octava. Therapeutica, P.73-84; Pars Nona. Nosologica, P. 85-101; Pars Decima. De Arte, P. 102-104; Epilogus, P. 104; Sul Poema di Giovanni Dell’Aquila De Phlebotomia, P. 105-112; Notice Bibliografique, P. 113-144; Catalogue Chronologique des editions par M. Baudry De Balzac, P. 145-169; Principaux éditeurs de la Scuola salernitana; P. 170-172; Poema anatomicum, P.173-198; Sulle opere del Maestro Salerno, P.199-200; Incipit Compendium Salerni, P. 201-232; Tabulae Salerni, P. 233-253; Summula Musandini, P. 254-268; Commentarium Magistri Bernardi Provincialis Super tabulas Salerni, P.269-328; Sul commento del Maestro Bernardo Provenzale, P. 329-332; De Instructione Medici secundum Archimathaeum, P. 333-349; Practica Archimathaei, P. 350-376; Intorno al Maestro Archimatteo ed alle sue opere, P.377-384; Notes choisies De M. Baudry De Balzac au Filos-Medicinae, P. 385-406; Salernus Surnommè Aequivocus: son epoque sa doctrine, ses écrits, P. 407-412

Circulating methylated DNA to monitor the dynamics of RAS mutation clearance in plasma from metastatic colorectal cancer patients

The clearance of RAS mutations in plasma circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) from originally RAS-mutant metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) has been recently demonstrated. Clinical trials investigating whether RAS mutant mCRC who “convert” to wild-type in plasma might benefit from EGFR blockade are ongoing. Detection of tumor-specific DNA methylation alterations in ctDNA has been suggested as a specific tool to confirm the tumoral origin of cell-free DNA. We monitored RAS clearance in plasma from patients with RAS-mutant mCRC at baseline (pre-treatment) (T0); after 4 months of first-line therapy (T1); at the time of first (T2) and second (T3) progression. A five-gene methylation panel was used to confirm the presence of ctDNA in samples in which RAS mutation clearance was detected. At T1 ctDNA analysis revealed wild-type RAS status in 83% of samples, all not methylated, suggesting at this time point the lack of ctDNA shedding. At T2 ctDNA analysis revealed wild-type RAS status in 83% of samples, of which 62.5% were found methylated. At T3 50% of wild-type-RAS samples were found methylated. Non-methylated samples were found in patients with lung or brain metastases. This five-gene methylation test might be useful to confirm the presence of ctDNA in RAS wild-type plasma samples

Genomic landscape and survival analysis of ctDNA “neo-RAS wild-type” patients with originally RAS mutant metastatic colorectal cancer

Background: The term “neo-RAS wild-type” refers to the switch to RAS wild-type disease in plasma circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) from originally RAS mutant colorectal cancers. Consistently, the hypothesis to re-determine RAS mutational status in ctDNA at disease progression in RAS mutant mCRC opened to a new perspective for clinically-based selection of patients to be treated with EGFR inhibitors. Currently, the genomic landscape of “neo-RAS wild-type” is unknown. This is a prospective study aimed to investigate clinical and genomic features associated with RAS mutation clearance in a large cohort of RAS mutant mCRC patients who converted to RAS wild- type in liquid biopsy at failure of first-line treatments. Secondary aim was to investigate the long term prognostic significance of “true neo-RAS wild- type”. Patients and methods: 70 patients with stage IV RAS mutant colorectal cancer were prospectively enrolled. Plasma samples were collected at progression from first-line treatment. RAS/BRAF mutations in plasma were assessed by RT-PCR. In RAS/BRAF wild-type samples, ctDNA was used to generate libraries using a 17 genes panel whose alteration has clinical relevance. To investigate the prognostic significance of RAS mutation clearance, test curves for PFS and OS were represented by Kaplan-Meier estimator plot and Log-rank test. Results: The most commonly detected actionable mutations in “neo-RAS wild-type” were: PIK3CA (35.7%); RET (11.9%); IDH1 (9.5%); KIT (7%); EGFR (7%); MET (4.7%); ERBB2 (4.7%); FGFR3 (4.7%). Both OS and post-progression survival were longer in patients with “neo-RAS wild-type” compared to those who remained RAS mutant (p<0.001 for both). Conclusions: De-novo-targetable mutations occured in a large percentage of “neo-RAS wild-type”, being PIK3CA the most commonly detected. RAS mutation clearance in ctDNA is associated with long- term improvement of overall survival

Structural connectivity in a single case of progressive prosopagnosia: The role of the right inferior longitudinal fasciculus

Progressive prosopagnosia (PP) is a clinical syndrome characterized by a progressive and selective inability to recognize and identify faces of familiar people. Here we report a patient (G.S.) with PP, mainly related to a prominent deficit in recognition of familiar faces, without a semantic (cross-modal) impairment. An in-depth evaluation showed that his deficit extended to other classes of objects, both living and non-living. A follow-up neuropsychological assessment did not reveal substantial changes after about 1 year. Structural MRI showed predominant right temporal lobe atrophy. Diffusion tensor imaging was performed to elucidate structural connectivity of the inferior longitudinal fasciculus (ILF) and the inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus (IFOF), the two major tracts that project through the core fusiform region to the anterior temporal and frontal cortices, respectively. Right ILF was markedly reduced in G.S., while left ILF and IFOFs were apparently preserved. These data are in favour of a crucial role of the neural circuit subserved by right ILF in the pathogenesis of PP

Impact of different exposure models and spatial resolution on the long-term effects of air pollution.

Abstract Long-term exposure to air pollution has been related to mortality in several epidemiological studies. The investigations have assessed exposure using various methods achieving different accuracy in predicting air pollutants concentrations. The comparison of the health effects estimates are therefore challenging. This paper aims to compare the effect estimates of the long-term effects of air pollutants (particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter less than 10 μm, PM10, and nitrogen dioxide, NO2) on cause-specific mortality in the Rome Longitudinal Study, using exposure estimates obtained with different models and spatial resolutions. Annual averages of NO2 and PM10 were estimated for the year 2015 in a large portion of the Rome urban area (12 × 12 km2) applying three modelling techniques available at increasing spatial resolution: 1) a chemical transport model (CTM) at 1km resolution; 2) a land-use random forest (LURF) approach at 200m resolution; 3) a micro-scale Lagrangian particle dispersion model (PMSS) taking into account the effect of buildings structure at 4 m resolution with results post processed at different buffer sizes (12, 24, 52, 100 and 200 m). All the exposures were assigned at the residential addresses of 482,259 citizens of Rome 30+ years of age who were enrolled on 2001 and followed-up till 2015. The association between annual exposures and natural-cause, cardiovascular (CVD) and respiratory (RESP) mortality were estimated using Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for individual and area-level confounders. We found different distributions of both NO2 and PM10 concentrations, across models and spatial resolutions. Natural cause and CVD mortality outcomes were all positively associated with NO2 and PM10 regardless of the model and spatial resolution when using a relative scale of the exposure such as the interquartile range (IQR): adjusted Hazard Ratios (HR), and 95% confidence intervals (CI), of natural cause mortality, per IQR increments in the two pollutants, ranged between 1.012 (1.004, 1.021) and 1.018 (1.007, 1.028) for the different NO2 estimates, and between 1.010 (1.000, 1.020) and 1.020 (1.008, 1.031) for PM10, with a tendency of larger effect for lower resolution exposures. The latter was even stronger when a fixed value of 10 μg/m3 is used to calculate HRs. Long-term effects of air pollution on mortality in Rome were consistent across different models for exposure assessment, and different spatial resolutions

The Changing Landscape for Stroke\ua0Prevention in AF: Findings From the GLORIA-AF Registry Phase 2

Background GLORIA-AF (Global Registry on Long-Term Oral Antithrombotic Treatment in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation) is a prospective, global registry program describing antithrombotic treatment patterns in patients with newly diagnosed nonvalvular atrial fibrillation at risk of stroke. Phase 2 began when dabigatran, the first non\u2013vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulant (NOAC), became available. Objectives This study sought to describe phase 2 baseline data and compare these with the pre-NOAC era collected during phase 1. Methods During phase 2, 15,641 consenting patients were enrolled (November 2011 to December 2014); 15,092 were eligible. This pre-specified cross-sectional analysis describes eligible patients\u2019 baseline characteristics. Atrial fibrillation disease characteristics, medical outcomes, and concomitant diseases and medications were collected. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results Of the total patients, 45.5% were female; median age was 71 (interquartile range: 64, 78) years. Patients were from Europe (47.1%), North America (22.5%), Asia (20.3%), Latin America (6.0%), and the Middle East/Africa (4.0%). Most had high stroke risk (CHA2DS2-VASc [Congestive heart failure, Hypertension, Age  6575 years, Diabetes mellitus, previous Stroke, Vascular disease, Age 65 to 74 years, Sex category] score  652; 86.1%); 13.9% had moderate risk (CHA2DS2-VASc = 1). Overall, 79.9% received oral anticoagulants, of whom 47.6% received NOAC and 32.3% vitamin K antagonists (VKA); 12.1% received antiplatelet agents; 7.8% received no antithrombotic treatment. For comparison, the proportion of phase 1 patients (of N = 1,063 all eligible) prescribed VKA was 32.8%, acetylsalicylic acid 41.7%, and no therapy 20.2%. In Europe in phase 2, treatment with NOAC was more common than VKA (52.3% and 37.8%, respectively); 6.0% of patients received antiplatelet treatment; and 3.8% received no antithrombotic treatment. In North America, 52.1%, 26.2%, and 14.0% of patients received NOAC, VKA, and antiplatelet drugs, respectively; 7.5% received no antithrombotic treatment. NOAC use was less common in Asia (27.7%), where 27.5% of patients received VKA, 25.0% antiplatelet drugs, and 19.8% no antithrombotic treatment. Conclusions The baseline data from GLORIA-AF phase 2 demonstrate that in newly diagnosed nonvalvular atrial fibrillation patients, NOAC have been highly adopted into practice, becoming more frequently prescribed than VKA in Europe and North America. Worldwide, however, a large proportion of patients remain undertreated, particularly in Asia and North America. (Global Registry on Long-Term Oral Antithrombotic Treatment in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation [GLORIA-AF]; NCT01468701

Documenti inediti e trattati di medicina appartenenti alla Scuola medica salernitana

Intorno al Trattato di Maestro Mauro Regulae Urinarum, P.1 ; Regualae Urinarum Magistri Mauri, P. 2-51 ; Compendium Magistri Salerni, P. 52-65; Sopra un trattato di massime morali tradotto dal greco Giovanni Da Procida, P.66-68; Placita philosophorum moralium antiquorum, ex graeco in latinum translata a magistro Joanne De Procida magno cive salernitano, P. 69-150 ; Nuovi documenti diplomatici intorno a Giovanni Di Procida, P. 151-204; Introduzione alle Glosse de’ Quattro Maestri sulla Chirurgia di Ruggiero e di Rolando per Carlo Daremberg, P. 205-254 ; Sul poemetto De Phlebotomia di Giovanni Dell’Aquila, P. 255 ; De Phlebotomia liber, P. 256-270 ; Sopra un vocabolario di voci tecniche del medio-evo detto Alphita, P. 271 ; Alphita, P. 272-322 ; Altra addizione alla storia della scuola di Salerno, P. 323-345

“Agency theory, stewardship theory and residual right: logics and interpretative models”

The observation of the Governance system in use in the industrial countries underlines diametrically opposite points of view in the interpretation of the art of corporate governance. Such a difference, according to a part of the doctrine, is linked with an evident evolution that, even if it is still in an embryo stage, could characterize the enterprises in the XXI century, if compared with those of the last fifty years. Up to 1970's, in fact, management philosophy was based on the idea that enterprise is a purely economic entity where the duty of the management is the one ti sustain the capital, being an insufficient resource. The principles and information deriving from that, above all thancks to Alfred Sloan's work and his experiments to the General Motors, lead to a business philosophybased on the concept of strategy, structure and system, where the duty of the Organ of Government (OdG) is planning an organizational model, that is able to ensure dynamics of government in agreement with over - and sub-systems; that's in the awareness that the critical resource is no more exclusively the financial capital, but also the ideas, knowledge, enterprise and human capital. Such a concept, that corresponds to the value produced in the enterprise, leads to deep contradictions in corporate governance so that forms of governance, which are more opened to cooperation and mostly directed to protect the aims of the organization in itself, rather than those ones of the only ownership, have been outlined nex tothe interpretation of Governance, based on the necessity to check opportunism. Considering such contradictions, today more than ever, it would seem useful wondering how governance system influence the distribution of the value produced by the enterprise, or better what stakeholder must profit of the economic wealth as a result of the business and, in the end, what relationship can be established with the wealth in favor of development, employees and ownership. In the attempt to interpret such problem, this work proposes a reading key that integrate the perspective of the Agency Theory and the Stewardship Theory. For this aim, the work ends with a model that, starting from the comparison of the figure of the Agent with that one of the Principal, shows the actual limits in extreme methodological choices, like the two approaches that are object of the study (Agency Theory and Stewardship Theory), underlining as it is not possible to plan the corporate governance on the base of absolute paradigms that emerge from both the socio-organizational culture and the one at the base of corporate finance studies