Estudo comparativo da cadeia produtiva florestal das Regiões de Lages e de Pelotas: uma visão sistêmica do desenvolvimento regional

This paper aims to make a comparison of two South regions’ forest base in Brazil, the regions of Lages/SC and Pelotas/RS. The analysis focuses on the regional development inserted in the forest productive chain systemic context with the intention to visualize the perspectives of the Pelotas and Lages regions. The Lages region presents itself in the upstream and downstream of the forest productive chain, whilst the Pelotas region is in embryonic phase of development. The conclusion is that for the Pelotas region it is necessary to wait for the new positions in order to define the future scenes of the forest base sector. And for the Lages region, the forest sector is the main activity of last fifty years.Key words: forest productive chain, regional development, comparative study.Pretende-se comparar o setor de base florestal em duas regiões do Sul do Brasil: a de Lages/SC e a de Pelotas/RS. Nesse viés investigativo, busca-se analisar o desenvolvimento regional inserido no contexto sistêmico da cadeia produtiva florestal, com o intuito de visualizar as perspectivas das Regiões de Pelotas e de Lages. A Região de Lages apresenta-se instalada a montante e ajusante da cadeia produtiva florestal, enquanto a de Pelotas encontra-se em fase embrionária de desenvolvimento. Para a Região de Lages, o setor florestal é a principal atividade dos últimos cinquenta anos. No que tange à Região de Pelotas, é necessário aguardar os novos posicionamentos, a fim de poder definir os cenários futuros do setor de base florestal.Palavras-chave: cadeia produtiva florestal, desenvolvimento regional, estudo comparativo

Estudo comparativo da cadeia produtiva florestal das regiões de lages e de Pelotas : uma visão sistêmica do desenvolvimento regional

Pretende-se comparar o setor de base florestal em duas regiões do Sul do Brasil: a de Lages/SC e a de Pelotas/RS. Nesse viés investigativo, busca-se analisar o desenvolvimento regional inserido no contexto sistêmico da cadeia produtiva florestal, com o intuito de visualizar as perspectivas das Regiões de Pelotas e de Lages. A Região de Lages apresenta-se instalada a montante e a jusante da cadeia produtiva florestal, enquanto a de Pelotas encontra-se em fase embrionária de desenvolvimento. Para a Região de Lages, o setor florestal é a principal atividade dos últimos cinquenta anos. No que tange à Região de Pelotas, é necessário aguardar os novos posicionamentos, a fim de poder definir os cenários futuros do setor de base florestal.This paper aims to make a comparison of two South regions’ forest base in Brazil, the regions of Lages/SC and Pelotas/RS. The analysis focuses on the regional development inserted in the forest productive chain systemic context with the intention to visualize the perspectives of the Pelotas and Lages regions. The Lages region presents itself in the upstream and downstream of the forest productive chain, whilst the Pelotas region is in embryonic phase of development. The conclusion is that for the Pelotas region it is necessary to wait for the new positions in order to define the future scenes of the forest base sector. And for the Lages region, the forest sector is the main activity of last fifty years

Direct enzymatic esterification of cotton and Avicel with wild-type and engineered cutinases

In this work, the surface of cellulose, either Avicel or cotton fabric, was modified using cutinases without any previous treatment to swell or to solubilise the polymer. Aiming further improvement of cutinase ester synthase activity on cellulose, an engineered cutinase was investigated. Wild-type cutinase from Fusarium solani and its fusion with the carbohydrate-binding module N1 from Cellulomonas fimi were able to esterify the hydroxyl groups of cellulose with distinct efficiencies depending on the acid substrate/solvent system used, as shown by titration and by ATR-FTIR. The carbonyl stretching peak area increased significantly after enzymatic treatment during 72 h at 30 °C. Cutinase treatment resulted in relative increases of 31 and 9 % when octanoic acid and vegetable oil were used as substrates, respectively. Cutinase-N1 treatment resulted in relative increases of 11 and 29 % in the peak area when octanoic acid and vegetable oil were used as substrates, respectively. The production and application of cutinase fused with the domain N1 as a cellulose ester synthase, here reported for the first time, is therefore an interesting strategy to pursuit.This work was co-funded by the European Social Fund through the management authority POPH and FCT, Postdoctoral fellowship reference: SFRH/BPD/47555/2008. The authors also want to thank Doctor Raul Machado for his valuable help on FTIR spectral data treatment

Inequities in maternal postnatal visits among public and private patients: 2004 Pelotas cohort study

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The postnatal period is the ideal time to deliver interventions to improve the health of both the newborn and the mother. However, postnatal care shows low-level coverage in a large number of countries. The objectives of this study were to: 1) investigate inequities in maternal postnatal visits, 2) examine differences in postnatal care coverage between public and private providers and 3) explore the relationship between the absence of maternal postnatal visits and exclusive breastfeeding, use of contraceptive methods and maternal smoking three months after birth.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>In the calendar year of 2004 a birth cohort study was started in the city of Pelotas, Brazil. Mothers were interviewed soon after delivery and at three months after birth. The absence of postnatal visits was defined as having no consultations between the time of hospital discharge and the third month post-partum. Logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the association between absence of postnatal visits and type of insurance scheme adjusting for potential confounding factors.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Poorer women, black/mixed, those with lower level of education, single mothers, adolescents, multiparae, smokers, women who delivered vaginally and those who were not assisted by a physician were less likely to attend postnatal care. Postnatal visits were also less frequent among women who relied in the public sector than among private patients (72.4% vs 96% among public and private patients, respectively, <it>x</it>²p < 0.001) and this difference was not explained either by maternal characteristics or by health care utilization patterns. Women who attended postnatal visits were more likely to exclusively breastfeed their infants, to use contraceptive methods and to be non-smokers three months after birth.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Postpartum care is available for every woman free of charge in the Brazilian Publicly-funded health care system. However, low levels of postpartum care were seen in the study (77%). Efforts should be made to increase the percentage of women receiving postpartum care, particularly those in socially disadvantaged groups. This could include locally-adapted health education interventions that address women's beliefs and attitudes towards postpartum care. There is a need to monitor postpartum care and collected data should be used to guide policies for health care systems.</p

Survivorship of Anopheles darlingi (Diptera: Culicidae) in Relation with Malaria Incidence in the Brazilian Amazon

We performed a longitudinal study of adult survival of Anopheles darlingi, the most important vector in the Amazon, in a malarigenous frontier zone of Brazil. Survival rates were determined from both parous rates and multiparous dissections. Anopheles darlingi human biting rates, daily survival rates and expectation of life where higher in the dry season, as compared to the rainy season, and were correlated with malaria incidence. The biting density of mosquitoes that had survived long enough for completing at least one sporogonic cycle was related with the number of malaria cases by linear regression. Survival rates were the limiting factor explaining longitudinal variations in Plasmodium vivax malaria incidence and the association between adult mosquito survival and malaria was statistically significant by logistic regression (P<0.05). Survival rates were better correlated with malaria incidence than adult mosquito biting density. Mathematical modeling showed that P. falciparum and P. malariae were more vulnerable to changes in mosquito survival rates because of longer sporogonic cycle duration, as compared to P. vivax, which could account for the low prevalence of the former parasites observed in the study area. Population modeling also showed that the observed decreases in human biting rates in the wet season could be entirely explained by decreases in survival rates, suggesting that decreased breeding did not occur in the wet season, at the sites where adult mosquitoes were collected. For the first time in the literature, multivariate methods detected a statistically significant inverse relation (P<0.05) between the number of rainy days per month and daily survival rates, suggesting that rainfall may cause adult mortality

Clearance of senescent decidual cells by uterine natural killer cells in cycling human endometrium

In cycling human endometrium, menstruation is followed by rapid estrogen-dependent growth. Upon ovulation, progesterone and rising cellular cAMP levels activate the transcription factor Forkhead box O1 (FOXO1) in endometrial stromal cells (EnSCs), leading to cell cycle exit and differentiation into decidual cells that control embryo implantation. Here we show that FOXO1 also causes acute senescence of a subpopulation of decidualizing EnSCs in an IL-8 dependent manner. Selective depletion or enrichment of this subpopulation revealed that decidual senescence drives the transient inflammatory response associated with endometrial receptivity. Further, senescent cells prevent differentiation of endometrial mesenchymal stem cells in decidualizing cultures. As the cycle progresses, IL-15 activated uterine natural killer (uNK) cells selectively target and clear senescent decidual cells through granule exocytosis. Our findings reveal that acute decidual senescence governs endometrial rejuvenation and remodeling at embryo implantation, and suggest a critical role for uNK cells in maintaining homeostasis in cycling endometrium

Wild edible plants: Nutritional and toxicological characteristics, retrieval strategies and importance for today's society

Wild edible plants (WEPs) are part of the cultural and genetic heritage of different regions of the world. In times of famine and scarcity, these sources of nutrients and health-promoting compounds have received high importance mainly in rural and suburban areas. Although currently underutilized, WEPs are still consumed traditionally by different communities and are gaining relevance in today's society. However, these foods lack recognition as significant contributors to the human diet in developed areas. This review describes the nutritional value of WEPs from the North-eastern region of Portugal and points out those containing potentially toxic compounds. Several retrieval strategies are presented with the aim of promoting the (re)use, production, commercialization and conservation of WEPs (wild harvested plants and crop wild relatives), and their importance for social, economic and agro-ecological development is highlighted.The authors are grateful to the Foundation for Science and Technology of Portugal and FEDER, under Programme PT2020, for financial support to CIMO (UID/AGR/00690/2013). J. Pinela thanks FCT for his grant (SFRH/BD/92994/2013) funded by European Social Fund and Portuguese Ministry of Education and Science (MEC) through Programa Operacional Capital Humano (POCH).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio