INFLUENCE OF THE OZONATED WATER APPLICATION ON THE OCCURRENCE OF SOME PESTS AND DISEASES IN SPRING WHEAT CROP

Investigations were carried out in the production fields of agricultural company Linas in Ringaudai eldership, Kaunas district. Spring wheat variety 'Koksa' was grown on non-damp, light loamy soil with a mobile phosphorus content of 173 mg kg-1 and a potassium content of 139 mg kg-1. Soil acidity - pH 6.9-7.0. The ozonator was attached on the trailing sprayer JARMET. During the studies, the concentration of ozone-saturated water and the spray rate were determined so as not to damage the crop, pollute the environment, or harm humans or animals. The speed of the sprayer was 6 km h-1. The application was performed 2 or 4 times. It was determined that treatment of spring wheat with ozonated water, although not always statistically significantly, however, reduced the occurrence of powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis), brown rust (Puccinia recondita), and inhibited the spread of aphids. A tendency for tan spot (Pyrenophora tritici repentis) and thrips decrease in the crop was observed. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of ozonated water application on the spread of spring wheat pests and leaf diseases

DARNUS EKONOMIKOS VYSTYMASIS: ETINIAI IR DVASINGUMO PAGRINDAI

Sustainable development philosophy leads to meaningful human and social development. Sustainable development concept and perception is very important, it should influence the practical application of human life. The article deals with modern problems of ecological culture scientific reasons, currently monitored social-natural contradictions aggravation, sustainable development with emphasis on the ethical aspects of ecological consciousness, ecological, cultural and spiritual importance of sustainable development for future development prospects. The article emphasizes on spirituality, because in each culture existing distinctive values and values orientation affect not only the worldview of society but also the perception of life.KEY WORDS: sustainable development, ecological consciousness, ecological culture, ethics, spirituality, values orientation, the importance of human spirituality in the concept of sustainable development.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15181/tbb.v76i1.151

A critical analysis of the potential for EU Common Agricultural Policy measures to support wild pollinators on farmland

1. Agricultural intensification and associated loss of high‐quality habitats are key drivers of insect pollinator declines. With the aim of decreasing the environmental impact of agriculture, the 2014 EU Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) defined a set of habitat and landscape features (Ecological Focus Areas: EFAs) farmers could select from as a requirement to receive basic farm payments. To inform the post‐2020 CAP, we performed a European‐scale evaluation to determine how different EFA options vary in their potential to support insect pollinators under standard and pollinator‐friendly management, as well as the extent of farmer uptake. 2. A structured Delphi elicitation process engaged 22 experts from 18 European countries to evaluate EFAs options. By considering life cycle requirements of key pollinating taxa (i.e. bumble bees, solitary bees and hoverflies), each option was evaluated for its potential to provide forage, bee nesting sites and hoverfly larval resources. 3. EFA options varied substantially in the resources they were perceived to provide and their effectiveness varied geographically and temporally. For example, field margins provide relatively good forage throughout the season in Southern and Eastern Europe but lacked early‐season forage in Northern and Western Europe. Under standard management, no single EFA option achieved high scores across resource categories and a scarcity of late season forage was perceived. 4. Experts identified substantial opportunities to improve habitat quality by adopting pollinator‐friendly management. Improving management alone was, however, unlikely to ensure that all pollinator resource requirements were met. Our analyses suggest that a combination of poor management, differences in the inherent pollinator habitat quality and uptake bias towards catch crops and nitrogen‐fixing crops severely limit the potential of EFAs to support pollinators in European agricultural landscapes. 5. Policy Implications. To conserve pollinators and help protect pollination services, our expert elicitation highlights the need to create a variety of interconnected, well‐managed habitats that complement each other in the resources they offer. To achieve this the Common Agricultural Policy post‐2020 should take a holistic view to implementation that integrates the different delivery vehicles aimed at protecting biodiversity (e.g. enhanced conditionality, eco‐schemes and agri‐environment and climate measures). To improve habitat quality we recommend an effective monitoring framework with target‐orientated indicators and to facilitate the spatial targeting of options collaboration between land managers should be incentivised

Žuvų biologija

Vytauto Didžiojo universitetasŽemės ūkio akademij

Žemės dieną - į kultūros paveldo lopšį

Vytauto Didžiojo universitetasŽemės ūkio akademij

The influence of long-term organic and intensive farming on spread of segetalic flora plants and their species composition in agro-ecosystems

Vytauto Didžiojo universitetasŽemės ūkio akademij

Afforestation of unused and unproductive land in Kaunas County, Lithuania

In Lithuania, forest covered 33.2% of the territory (2012). It has increased by 2.3% during the last 10 years due to the self-overgrown unused land and afforestation. European Union (EU) funding is allocated every year for afforestation, with priority to deciduous of mixed forests planting. Planters preferred the fertile land; while in Lithuania in 2010, there were 168.3 thousand ha of land unsuitable for agricultural purposes. This paper analyses the volume of afforested areas in former agricultural land, the species composition, compliance with soil conditions, and use of inefficient land in period 2008 - 2011 in Kaunas county with the support from the EU. Data was used from 321 investigated lots. In Kaunas County in 2008- 2011, with the EU support, there were 852.26 ha of afforested land, of which 71.5% were private land. Average planted forest area is only 2.65 ha. 83.7 % of the forests were planted in fertile lands, while in separate regions in unfertile land (score of productivity 32 and <) was planted from 10.2 to 38.4%. Very fertile lands were afforested in Kėdainiai region. 0.25% of the available, but less-favoured areas were afforested in the Kaunas County. Non-target species were planted in 9.6% of the area. Non-target species were dominated by alder, birch, oak, rowan. The biggest problems were fertile lands afforestation, small sized plots, soil characterization, and selection of target speciesVytauto Didžiojo universitetasŽemės ūkio akademij

Evaluation of orchid plant populations in Sveicarija forest habitats of European interest

This article analyzes the continuity of nature restoration project, ongoing since 2008 in the area of Šveicarija forest, in Vilnius district, which occupies 210 ha, influence for European importance habitats and protected species populations. During the project in the area of Neris Regional Park wetlands and habitants with excess water, which are very important for biodiversity, are always maintained. During the study, abundance of plants populations was assessed in 4 EU habitats, where 20 different 1 square meter plots were established. Populations of plants were evaluated according to the intensity of habitat management: regularly managed, partially managed and naturally managing itself. According to the research results, we can confirm findings, that the populations of rare and endangered plants species in the Šveicarija forest directly depends on the management intensity of forest habitatVytauto Didžiojo universitetasŽemės ūkio akademij

The effect of biological preparation fertenat on spring wheat productivity and quality

Aleksandro Stulginskio universiteto bandymų stotyje, vidutinio sunkumo priemolio sekliai glėjiškame karbonatingame išplautžemyje (Endocalcaric Amphigleyic Luvisol (Endoclayic, Drainic, Episiltic), 2013–2014 m. tirta biologinio preparato Fertenat įtaka vasariniams kviečiams, augintiems pagal nacionalinės žemės ūkio produktų kokybės sistemos reikalavimus. Biologinis preparatas Fertenat turėjo esminės įtakos, kuri priklausė nuo biologinio preparato normų ir metų meteorologinių sąlygų, vasarinių kviečių derliaus struktūros elementų ir cheminės sudėties rodiklių reikšmėms. Koreliacinis ryšys buvo stiprus tarp Fertenat normų bei vasarinių kviečių augalo stiebo ir varpos ilgio, grūdų skaičių varpoje, bendro ir produktyvių vieno augalo stiebų skaičiaus bei 1 000 grūdų masės ir grūdų hektolitro svorio. Koreliacinis ryšys tarp biologinio preparato Fertenat normų baltymų, šlapiojo ir sausojo glitimo kiekio grūduose taip pat buvo stiprus, tarp krakmolo kiekio grūduose 2013 m. koreliacinis ryšys irgi buvo stiprus, o 2014 m. – tik vidutinio stiprumo. Dėl biologinio preparato Fertenat įtakos vasarinių kviečių grūdų derlingumas padidėjo 0,05–0,30 t ha–1, arba 2,29–13,76 proc. vnt., ir 0,02–0,41 t ha–1, arba 0,40–8,23 proc. vnt. Esmingai vasarinių kviečių derlių padidino purškimas 6 l ha–1 ir didesne Fertenat norma. Nedidelės 1–3 l ha–1 normos yra neefektyvios. Koreliacinis ryšys tarp Fertenat normų ir grūdų derlingumo buvo stiprusThe research of the biological preparation Fertenat effect on spring wheat was investigated at the Experimental Station of Aleksandras Stulginskis University in Calc(ar)i-Epihypogleyic Luvisol (LVG-pw-cc) during 2013–2014. Spring wheat was grown according to the requirements of the National Agricultural Products Quality System. Biological preparation Fertenat had a significant effect on the elements of spring wheat yield structure and the values of chemical composition parameters, influenced by the rates of biological preparation and meteorological conditions. A strong correlation was found between the Fertenat rates and spring wheat plant stem and ear length, grain number per ear, total and productive stem number of one plant and 1 000 grain and hectolitre weight. The correlation between the biological preparation rates and protein, wet and dry gluten was strong as well. A strong correlation between the biological preparation rates and starch amount in grain was found in 2013, while in 2014 this correlation was moderate. The application of biological preparation Fertenat increased the spring wheat yield by 0.05–0.30 t ha–1 or by 2.29–13.76 percent units and by 0.02–0.41 t ha–1 or 0.40–8.23 percent units. The application of 6 l ha–1 and higher Fertenat rates significantly increased the spring wheat yield. Small 1–3 l ha–1 rates are inefficient. The correlation between the Fertenat rates and grain productivity was strongVytauto Didžiojo universitetasŽemės ūkio akademij

Forest Phytocenotic Changes in Impact Zone of Municipal Vilnius County (Lithuania) Waste Landfill

More than 800 municipal waste landfills were in Lithuania until 2007, most of which were closed and in 2009 and rehabilitated. Currently, mixed municipal waste is deposited at 11 regional landfills equipped in accordance with international requirements. Investigations were carried out in the potential impact zones of 2 regional landfills (operating since 2007 and rehabilitated in 2009). The observations were carried out in 30 mixed spruce - deciduous stands (A = 65-72 m), growing 50 to 650 m from the landfill boundary. The impact of spruce on the phytocenosis next to both landfills was similar and negative (̴ 300-400 m). The most significant changes in the status of stand were observed up to 100 m, where the share of healthy trees was 25% (50 m) - 76% (100 m). The highest density of undergrowth and underbrush was in 100-200 m from the landfill, and their species composition was relatively poorer than in healthy stands. The most significant changes of grass cover were identified up to 50 m. There in the zone occurs 6 herbaceous plant species uncharacteristic for forest phytocenosis (Chenepodium album, Artemisia vulgaris, Rumex acetosa, Tussilago bugle, Plantago media, Medicago Falcata), and most of these plants reaches 0.5 to 0.75 m in heightVytauto Didžiojo universitetasŽemės ūkio akademij