Morbidity surveillance and treatment of MDR-TB withthe support of NGOs in Ukraine

Describe the common work of Donetsk State Phthisiological Serviceand non-governmental organizations that has been conducted since2014 in order to achieve the global goal for tuberculosis eliminatio

Main trends in the development of the machine-building industry in Ukrainey

Метою даної статті є аналіз сучасних показників галузі машинобудування та запропонування шляхів удосконалення економічних показників. Методикою дослідження є аналіз наукових робіт вітчизняних та зарубіжних вчених, а також використання показників з офіційного сайту Державної служби статистики. Результатами дослідження є розглянуті основні тенденції розвитку підприємств машинобудування в Україні. Проаналізовано розвиток машинобудування у 2017р.-2020р.. Виділено обсяги реалізованої продукції. Проведено дослідження основних проблем машинобудування в Україні. Відзначено, що промисловий потенціал держави, її конкурентоспроможність на зовнішніх ринках, рівень суспільного розвитку, науково -технічний прогрес, зокрема продуктивність праці людей, скорочення споживання матеріалів, якість кінцевого продукту, збереження енергоресурсів залежать від розвитку механічного інженерії. Промисловість забезпечує комплексну механізацію та автоматизацію виробництва для різних галузей економіки. Практичною значимістю є рекомендації, щодо поліпшення виробничих потужностей для вітчизняних підприємств.The purpose of this article is to analyze modern indicators of the mechanical engineering industry and suggest ways to improve economic indicators. The research methodology is the analysis of scientific works of domestic and foreign scientists, as well as the use of indicators from the official website of the State Statistics Service. The results of the study are considered the main trends in the development of machine-building enterprises in Ukraine. Territorially, machine-building enterprises are located in all regions of Ukraine. However, against the general background, the 8 largest cities engaged in mechanical engineering stand out: Dnipropetrovsk, Kharkiv, Zaporizhia, Kyiv, Lviv, Odessa, Luhansk and Donetsk. Products manufactured by machinebuilding enterprises, depending on the market it is focused on, can be divided into the following groups: heavy engineering, tractor and agricultural engineering, railway engineering, automotive industry, electrical engineering, instrumentation, machine tool. The development of mechanical engineering in 2017-2020 is analyzed. Today, Ukrainian machine-building enterprises face very acute problems that need to be solved as soon as possible. Machine-building enterprises have a very clear limitation of the latest technologies and financial stability, so the domestic market has very limited opportunities. The general decrease in the number of sold products of the machine-building industry in the structure of industrial products, difficult financial results of the industrial sector of the economy and in particular in machine-building, very low level of profitability of operating activities create an environment of enterprise development risks The volumes of sold products are highlighted. A study of the main problems of mechanical engineering in Ukraine. It is noted that the industrial potential of the state, its competitiveness in foreign markets, the level of social development, scientific and technological progress, including human productivity, reduction of material consumption, quality of the final product, energy conservation depend on the development of mechanical engineering. Industry provides comprehensive mechanization and automation of production for various sectors of the economy. Recommendations for improving production capacity for domestic enterprises are of practical importance

Chronological sequence of megalithic burial complexes of the Eneolithic in the Velikaya Aleksandrovka burial mound

The emergence of the earliest burial mounds in the Eneolithic of the North Pontic steppes (3900/3800—3500/3400 BCE) was accompanied by the construction of the earliest megalithic structures — cromlechs, the circular structures of which consisted of vertically installed stone slabs combined with stone chamber burials, cist burials, and pit burials covered with stones. Similar structures continued to be built in the Pit Graves (Yamnaya) Culture period; but for how long they were used back then and what were the burial structure types they related with are the issues so poorly understood to date. Currently, all these megalithic structures are not visible on the surface of the burial mounds, since they are hidden from view beneath later earth structures built above Pit Graves Culture burials. When studying how such megaliths were built, stage by stage, one has the most effective tool at one’s disposal to reveal the cultural genesis of various burial traditions as they have emerged in a particular area. Among various burial structures ever discovered in the steppe zone of the Northern Black Sea region, the earliest burials explored in the burial mound No.1 near Velikaya Alexandrovka are of special significance. Here, the earliest burials of the Velikaya Alexandrovka Mound (No.22-24, and No.7) with associated megalithic structures (stone circles No.1 & No.2) are discussed. Also, zoomorphic images representing an aurochs and a scene with dogs chasing a wild boar were found engraved on two slabs from the cromlech No.1. The article introduces Eneolithic burials recovered in the mound, a graphic reconstruction of the appearance of the cromlechs associated with them, and the results of morphometric analysis of images engraved on cromlech slabs. The cultural and chronological attribution of the burials is considered in detail. Particular attention is paid to the position cist burials have held within the stratigraphy of the Pit Graves burial mounds as well as to the patterns by which cist burials and cromlechs were associated. The following data are considered: (1) cromlech structures of the Eneolithic and those encircling Pit Graves Culture burials; (2) cromlechs enclosing Eneolithic burials and Pit Graves Culture cists together; (3) cist burials located on the tops of Eneolithic burial mounds; (4) cist burials introduced into Eneolithic mounds; (5) chief burials in ornamented cists with no stone structures encircling them; (6) cist burials made on the surface of mounds of the Pit Graves Culture period, and (7) cist burials introduced into Pit Graves Culture mounds

'Pandora’s box': A textile tool set from a Scythian burial in Ukraine

Textile tools made of perishable materials such as wood are extremely rare in the archaeological contexts of ancient Mediterranean, but numerous complete and fragmentary boxes containing textile tools and other materials have been found in Scythian burials of the 5th-4th centuries BC in southern Ukraine. The boxes are found exclusively in female burials and are clearly of Hellenic craftsmanship. The paper presents preliminary observations about a 4th century BC female burial 2 from Kurgan 5 at Bulgakovo, which was accompanied by a wooden box containing three wooden distaffs, a spindle whorl made of an amphora fragment, a wooden comb and two smaller wooden boxes, one of which stored a set of at least 19 wooden weaving tablets with four holes each, an iron needle and some yarn

Glass beads – monochrome pyramidal, flat rhomboid and biconical – types 88–96, 112–115 and 171 of E.M. Alekseyeva. In search of chronoindicators for microchronology of kurgans and burials of the Black Sea Scythia of the 5th – 4th centuries BC

Using Greek ceramics and arrowheads from the Scythian kurgans of the Northern Black Sea region the article proposes chronology of glass monochrome beads – biconical, pyramidal and flat rhomboid, identified in types 88–96, 112–115 and 171 (Fig.1) in the typology of E.M. Alekseyeva (1978). A relatively narrow period of their use has been established, between the last quarter of the 5th and the beginning of the second half of 5th – first quarter of 4th cent. BC, making it possible to reliably date the Scythian burials to this time within a narrow chronological period, even in the absence of other chronoindicators

Гипервентиляционный синдром в практике врача-пульмонолога: патогенез, клиника, диагностика

Hyperventilation syndrome in practical work of a pneumologist: pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis.Гипервентиляционный синдром в практике врача-пульмонолога: патогенез, клиника, диагностика

FAD binding, cobinamide binding and active site communication in the corrin reductase (CobR)

Adenosylcobalamin, the coenzyme form of vitamin B12, is one Nature's most complex coenzyme whose de novo biogenesis proceeds along either an anaerobic or aerobic metabolic pathway. The aerobic synthesis involves reduction of the centrally chelated cobalt metal ion of the corrin ring from Co(II) to Co(I) before adenosylation can take place. A corrin reductase (CobR) enzyme has been identified as the likely agent to catalyse this reduction of the metal ion. Herein, we reveal how Brucella melitensis CobR binds its coenzyme FAD (flavin dinucleotide) and we also show that the enzyme can bind a corrin substrate consistent with its role in reduction of the cobalt of the corrin ring. Stopped-flow kinetics and EPR reveal a mechanistic asymmetry in CobR dimer that provides a potential link between the two electron reduction by NADH to the single electron reduction of Co(II) to Co(I)

Topical issues of vaccination and epidemiological surveillance over measles and rubella in Ukraine.

The analysis of measles and rubella morbidity, the state of their vaccination in Ukraine was carried out. Despite decades of preventive vaccination, there is a 5-6 years’ cyclicity of measles epidemic process at present time. Measles morbidity increased 46.8 times in 2017 in comparison with 2016. Elevated rates of rubella epidemic morbidity were registered in 2004 and 2011. There was decrease of routine measles and rubella immunization coverage in the period from 2009 to 2016. Critically low rates were noted in 2016 – 45.5% (vaccination) and 30.2% (revaccination). In spite of progress in the measles and rubella vaccination in 2017 (93.3% – vaccination and 90.7% – revaccination), Ukraine has not achieved the immunization coverage (≥95.0%) necessary to interrupt these pathogens circulation. The national laboratory and a network of regional ones, in-system of the Global Measles and Rubella Laboratory Network, were established in Ukraine to ensure high-quality performance of epidemiological surveillance. Genotyping of the clinical samples from Ukrainian measles and rubella patients is carried out in the WHO Regional Reference Laboratory (Luxembourg). Different genetic lines of the measles virus with prevalence of D8 genotype were indicated to circulate in Ukraine. The genotype B3 was also identified and the genotype D9 was isolated for the first time. In the furtherance of the goal of rubella and measles elimination in Ukraine, standard international approaches to clinical, laboratory and epide­miological diagnosis of cases, investigation of viruses transmission chains and detection of endemicity cases are in the course of implementation. Quality of the executing activities is assessed according to relevant standard indicators