La protección de la diversidad en el patrimonio genético: implicaciones bioéticas y jurídicas en el uso de CRISPR-Cas9 como herramienta de edición genómica en humanos

El objetivo de este artículo es comprender cómo el CRISPR-Cas9 puede funcionar como una tecnología viable en la construcción del proyecto de parentalidad para promover el ejercicio de la libertad en el proceso de autonomía reproductiva. Sin embargo, a pesar de la posibilidad del uso en la línea germinal humana, se intentó investigar los límites y el alcance de esta percepción de libertad. Así, a través del uso de investigaciones documentales y bibliográficas, se buscaron datos sobre la viabilidad de la preservación del patrimonio genético como expresión de la diversidad en la humanidad. De esta forma, se percibió que es necesario superar pensamientos higienistas de limpiar “defectos”, considerando que toda vida es digna de ser vivida

De onde vêm os bebês? Útero artificial, bioética e direito: os possíveis impactos da ectogênese no campo da filiação – uma análise a partir do contexto jurídico brasileiro

Nos últimos tempos, os avanços biotecnológicos no campo da reprodução humana, sem dúvidas, acarretaram diversas alternativas procriativas para aqueles que buscam desempenhar um projeto parental através das chamadas técnicas de reprodução assistida. Desse modo, também nesse seguimento, pesquisas recentes vêm debruçando-se sobre o desenvolvimento da tecnologia do útero artificial, objetivando viabilizar a ectogênese, ou seja, o desenvolvimento de gestações extracorpóreas. Em razão disso, o presente artigo visou estudar, a partir do panorama jurídico brasileiro, os possíveis impactos que o desenvolvimento efetivo de tal ferramenta possa vir a causar na atribuição da filiação civil. Para tanto, a pesquisa pautou-se na técnica da revisão bibliográfica, no intuito de investigar quais seriam os parâmetros para estipulação dos vínculos filiatórios

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Consistent patterns of common species across tropical tree communities

Trees structure the Earth’s most biodiverse ecosystem, tropical forests. The vast number of tree species presents a formidable challenge to understanding these forests, including their response to environmental change, as very little is known about most tropical tree species. A focus on the common species may circumvent this challenge. Here we investigate abundance patterns of common tree species using inventory data on 1,003,805 trees with trunk diameters of at least 10 cm across 1,568 locations1,2,3,4,5,6 in closed-canopy, structurally intact old-growth tropical forests in Africa, Amazonia and Southeast Asia. We estimate that 2.2%, 2.2% and 2.3% of species comprise 50% of the tropical trees in these regions, respectively. Extrapolating across all closed-canopy tropical forests, we estimate that just 1,053 species comprise half of Earth’s 800 billion tropical trees with trunk diameters of at least 10 cm. Despite differing biogeographic, climatic and anthropogenic histories7, we find notably consistent patterns of common species and species abundance distributions across the continents. This suggests that fundamental mechanisms of tree community assembly may apply to all tropical forests. Resampling analyses show that the most common species are likely to belong to a manageable list of known species, enabling targeted efforts to understand their ecology. Although they do not detract from the importance of rare species, our results open new opportunities to understand the world’s most diverse forests, including modelling their response to environmental change, by focusing on the common species that constitute the majority of their trees.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Aprimoramento genético em embriões humanos: limites éticos-jurídicos ao planejamento familiar na tutela da deficiência como diversidade biológica humana

Divulgação dos SUMÁRIOS das obras recentemente incorporadas ao acervo da Biblioteca Ministro Oscar Saraiva do STJ. Em respeito à Lei de Direitos Autorais, não disponibilizamos a obra na íntegra.Localização na estante: 34:614.253 D192