QCD and strongly coupled gauge theories : challenges and perspectives

We highlight the progress, current status, and open challenges of QCD-driven physics, in theory and in experiment. We discuss how the strong interaction is intimately connected to a broad sweep of physical problems, in settings ranging from astrophysics and cosmology to strongly coupled, complex systems in particle and condensed-matter physics, as well as to searches for physics beyond the Standard Model. We also discuss how success in describing the strong interaction impacts other fields, and, in turn, how such subjects can impact studies of the strong interaction. In the course of the work we offer a perspective on the many research streams which flow into and out of QCD, as well as a vision for future developments.Peer reviewe

ICAR: endoscopic skull‐base surgery

n/

International Consensus Statement on Rhinology and Allergy: Rhinosinusitis

Background: The 5 years since the publication of the first International Consensus Statement on Allergy and Rhinology: Rhinosinusitis (ICAR‐RS) has witnessed foundational progress in our understanding and treatment of rhinologic disease. These advances are reflected within the more than 40 new topics covered within the ICAR‐RS‐2021 as well as updates to the original 140 topics. This executive summary consolidates the evidence‐based findings of the document. Methods: ICAR‐RS presents over 180 topics in the forms of evidence‐based reviews with recommendations (EBRRs), evidence‐based reviews, and literature reviews. The highest grade structured recommendations of the EBRR sections are summarized in this executive summary. Results: ICAR‐RS‐2021 covers 22 topics regarding the medical management of RS, which are grade A/B and are presented in the executive summary. Additionally, 4 topics regarding the surgical management of RS are grade A/B and are presented in the executive summary. Finally, a comprehensive evidence‐based management algorithm is provided. Conclusion: This ICAR‐RS‐2021 executive summary provides a compilation of the evidence‐based recommendations for medical and surgical treatment of the most common forms of RS

The Effect of Breathing and Posture Exercise on the Clinical, Functional Status and Disease Related Quality of Life in Patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of breathing and posture exercises on pain, functional status as well as respiratory function and health related quality of life in patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS). Materials and Methods: Forty patients with AS were included in the study. Pain levels were recorded by Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Disease activity levels were determined by Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI), functional status was determined by Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (BASFI) and spinal measurements were determined by the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Metrology Index (BASMI) criteria. Ankylosing Spondylitis Quality of Life (ASQol) was used as the disease-related quality of life scale. Pulmonary functions were tested with the Zan spirometry device. The first group was given a home exercise program including breathing and posture exercises and the second group was given a program with only posture exercises. However, the control group was not given a home exercise program. Patients in all groups were evaluated again after three months. Results: The VAS, BASDAI, BASFI, BASMI, chest expansion, pulmonary function test results and ASQol values showed a significant improvement in the group with breathing and posture exercises. There was no significant change in the control group. Chest expansion, forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1)/FVC ratio in the first group had improved more significantly than group 2 and the control group. Also, BASFI, BASMI, BASDAI, ASQol, VAS scores in group 1 had improved more significantly when compared to group 2 and the control group. Conclusion: Breathing exercises show a positive effect on the pain level, clinical status and respiratory function and provides improved functional status and quality of life in patients with AS. [Med-Science 2012; 1(2.000): 103-117