Debatten om nettdebatten : Holdninger og praksis i norske nettaviser

I denne oppgaven har jeg undersøkt debatten om nettdebatten ved å se på hvilke holdninger som preger diskusjonen samt nettavisenes praksis for håndtering av nettdebattene. For å belyse dette har jeg benyttet et kvalitativt forskningsdesign, hvor jeg gjennomførte kvalitative intervjuer med representanter for nettavisene VG NETT, Aftenposten.no, Dagbladet.no og Nettavisen, samt representanter for andre medieorganer som Norsk Redaktørforening, Norsk Presseforbund og Norsk Journalistlag. Problemstillingen drøftes opp mot teorier om offentlighet og demokratisk kommunikasjon. Resultatene dokumenterer metadebattens tvetydighet. De viser også at det har skjedd en klar holdningsendring til nettdebattene, fra negativ til positiv, og at digitale meningsytringer har blitt så dominerende i mediehverdagen at de ikke lenger kan ignoreres. Dette fordrer en rekonseptualisering av offentlighetsbegrepet, og det bør vedgås at også digitale meningsytringer er delaktig i å konstituere offentligheten. Funnene i oppgaven gir indikasjoner på at nettdebattene har bidratt til å skape en ny offentlig sfære, som også har demokratiske implikasjoner for brukerdeltakelse

Computer-supported collaborative inquiry learning and classroom scripts

This study examined the influence of classroom-script structure (high vs. low) during computer-supported collaborative inquiry learning on help-seeking processes and learning gains in 54 student pairs in secondary science education. Screen- and audio-capturing videos were analysed according to a model of the help-seeking process. Results show that the structure of the classroom script substantially affects patterns of student help seeking and learning gain in the classroom. Overall, students in the high-structured classroom-script condition sought less help but learnt more than those in the low-structured classroom-script condition

Democratização da atuação internacional do Estado

Trata-se de abordar a sistemática da celebração de tratados frente ao direito internacional atual. Busca-se a descrição do direito internacional, da evolução dos tratados, do Estado democrático, do procedimento de atuação externa dos poderes estatais, avaliando-se o impacto das relações internacionais atuais na democracia. Frente às transformações ocorridas no cenário mundial, à efervescência das relações internacionais que caracterizaram o último século, e às mudanças do direito internacional, que acompanhou esse processo, como ferramenta à atuação dos Estados o plano externo, avalia-se o procedimento atual de celebração dos tratados. A sua avaliação crítica leva à ideia de que, se transformações ocorreram, a forma de atuação dos poderes estatais em relação aos tratados ainda tem novos elementos a assimilar

A review of wildland fire spread modelling, 1990-present, 1: Physical and quasi-physical models

In recent years, advances in computational power and spatial data analysis (GIS, remote sensing, etc) have led to an increase in attempts to model the spread and behaviour of wildland fires across the landscape. This series of review papers endeavours to critically and comprehensively review all types of surface fire spread models developed since 1990. This paper reviews models of a physical or quasi-physical nature. These models are based on the fundamental chemistry and/or physics of combustion and fire spread. Other papers in the series review models of an empirical or quasi-empirical nature, and mathematical analogues and simulation models. Many models are extensions or refinements of models developed before 1990. Where this is the case, these models are also discussed but much less comprehensively.Comment: 31 pages + 8 pages references + 2 figures + 5 tables. Submitted to International Journal of Wildland Fir

Protein phosphorylation in yeast mitochondria

We describe the identification and submitochondrial localization of four protein kinases and of their target proteins in derepressed yeast mitochondria. The activity of one of the kinases depends on the presence of cyclic AMP (cAMP). It is soluble and localized in the mitochondrial intermembrane space. Its natural target is a polypeptide of 40 kDa molecular mass, which is bound to the inner membrane. Besides this natural target this kinase phosphorylates acidic heterologous proteins, like casein, with high efficiency. The other protein kinases identified so far are cAMP-independent. At least one is localized in the matrix having its natural substrates (49 and 24 kDa) in the same compartment. Two others are firmly bound to the inner membrane phosphorylating target proteins in the inner membrane (52·5 kDa) and in the intermembrane space (17·5 kDa), respectively

Inflammatory measures in depressed patients with and without a history of adverse childhood experiences

Background: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a complex psychiatric condition with different subtypes and etiologies. Exposure to adverse childhood experiences (ACE) is an important risk factor for the development of MDD later in life. Evidence suggests that pro-inflammatory processes may convey this risk as both MDD and ACE have been related to increased levels of inflammation. In the present study, we aimed to disentangle the effects of MDD and ACE on inflammation levels. Methods: Markers of inflammation (plasma interleukin(IL)-6 and high sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP) concentrations, white blood cell (WBC) count and a composite inflammation score (CIS) combining all three) were assessed in 23 MDD patients with ACE, 23 MDD patients without ACE, 21 healthy participants with ACE, and 21 healthy participants without ACE (mean age: 35 +/- 11 (SD) years). None of the patients and participants was taking psychotropic medication. ACE was assessed with the Early Trauma Inventory (ETI) and was defined as moderate to severe exposure to sexual or physical abuse. Results: Group differences in the different inflammatory measures were observed. MDD patients with ACE showed significantly higher IL-6 concentrations (p = 0.018), higher WBC counts (p = 0.003) and increased general inflammation levels as indicated by the CIS (p = 0.003) compared to healthy controls. In contrast, MDD patients without ACE displayed similar inflammation levels to the control group (p = 0.93). Conclusion: We observed elevated inflammation in MDD patients with a history of ACE, which could indicate a subtype of "inflammatory depression". Accordingly, MDD patients with ACE might potentially benefit from anti-inflammatory therapies

The Ellipticity and Orientation of Clusters of Galaxies from N-Body Experiments

In this study we use simulations of 128$^3$ particles to study the ellipticity and orientation of clusters of galaxies in N-body simulations of differing power-law initial spectra (P(k) \propto k^n ,n = +1, 0, -1, -2$), and density parameters ($\Omega_0 = 0.2$to 1.0). Furthermore, unlike most theoretical studies we mimic most observers by removing all particles which lie at distances greater than 2 1/h Mpc from the cluster center of mass. We computed the axial ratio and the principal axes using the inertia tensor of each cluster. The mean ellipticity of clusters increases strongly with increasing$n$. We also find that clusters tend to become more spherical at smaller radii. We compared the orientation of a cluster to the orientation of neighboring clusters as a function of distance (correlation). In addition, we considered whether a cluster's major axis tends to lie along the line connecting it to a neighboring cluster, as a function of distance (alignment). Both alignments and correlations were computed in three dimensions and in projection to mimic observational surveys. Our results show that significant alignments exist for all spectra at small separations ($D < 15 h^{-1}$Mpc) but drops off at larger distance in a strongly$n-$dependent way.Comment: 22 pages, requires aaspp4.sty, flushrt.sty, and epsf.sty Revised manuscript, accepted for publication in Ap