ANALISIS STRATEGI PENGEMBANGAN USAHA SAGU TUMANG DI NEGERI IHAMAHU MENGGUNAKAN METODE SWOT DAN TOPSIS

Luas area hutan sagu di Negeri Ihamahu mencapai 120 Ha yang dimanfaatkan oleh lebih dari 100 kepala keluarga untuk membuka usaha produksi pati sagu basah. Terdapat 34 rumah goti beroperasi secara aktif dengan rata-rata tiap usaha telah berjalan lebih dari 40 tahun. Namun usaha yang dimiliki sulit untuk mengalami perkembangan dalam kurun waktu tersebut. Hal ini dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis strategi pengembangan usaha sagu tumang di Negeri Ihamahu melalu identifikasi faktor internal dan eksternal . Metode analisis data yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif dan kuantitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui observasi, wawancara, kuisioner, dan studi pustaka. Analisis matriks IFAS dan EFAS menghasilkan 27 faktor dengan posisi usaha sagu tumang berada pada kuadran I dengan strategi agresif danmemanfaatkan strategi S-O. Dari hasil analisis matriks SWOT, digunakan 3 alternatif pada strategi S-O sesuai posisi usaha. Pengolahan data dengan metode TOPSIS diperoleh prioritas strategi secara berturut adalah alternatif strategi 1 yaitu meningkatkan kualitas dan kealamian produk sagu dengan harga yang tetap terjangkau untuk menarik minat konsumen, alternatif 2 yaitu menjaga dan melestarikan tanaman sagu pada lahan yang dimiliki agar mudah didapat dan ketersediaan tetap terjamin dan alternatif 3 yaitu meningkatkan kualitas pelayanan untuk mempertahankan loyalitas konsumen

C3c intrathecal synthesis evaluation in patients with multiple sclerosis Evaluación de la síntesis intratecal de C3c en pacientes con esclerosis múltiple

INTRODUCTION: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, inflammatory and progressive disease of the central nervous system in which local inflammatory injuries of the brain white matter appears, being the most outstanding feature the myeline loss (demyelination). OBJECTIVE: To determine if the complement system might be involved in the MS immunopathogeny favouring the mechanism intervening in the myelin destruction. METHOD: Samples of sera and CSF from twelve patients with a diagnosis of MS obtained at the moment of the admission to the hospital at the beginning of the break out, were collected. Levels of C3c and albumin in sera and in CSF were quantified using radial immunodiffusion plates. RESULTS: High values over 80% of intrathecal synthesis were obtained except in one of the patients. CONCLUSION: Intrathecal synthesis of C3c and its liberation to the CSF means that the activation of the complement system in any of the two ways has taken place, and that once performed its biological functions, has suffered a degradation process.<br>INTRODUCCIÓN: La esclerosis múltiple (EM) es una enfermedad crónica, inflamatoria y progresiva del sistema nervioso central que cursa con la aparición de lesiones inflamatorias focales en la sustancia blanca cerebral, en las que lo más llamativo es la pérdida de mielina (desmielinización). OBJETIVO: Conocer si el sistema de complemento puede estar involucrado en la inmunopatogenia de la EM favoreciendo los mecanismos que median la destrucción de la mielina. MÉTODO: Se colectaron muestras de suero y LCR de doce pacientes con diagnóstico de EM obtenidas en el momento del ingreso al inicio del brote. Se cuantificaron los niveles de C3c y albúmina en suero y en LCR en placas de inmunodifusión radial. RESULTADOS: Se obtuvieron altos valores que superan el 80% de síntesis intratecal, menos en uno de los pacientes. CONCLUSION: La síntesis intratecal de C3c y su liberación al LCR significa que ha sucedido la activación del sistema de complemento en alguna de las dos vías y que una vez cumplidas sus funciones biológicas, ha sufrido un proceso de degradación y liberación al LCR en forma de C3c

Phylogeny as a Proxy for Ecology in Seagrass Amphipods: Which Traits Are Most Conserved?

Increasingly, studies of community assembly and ecosystem function combine trait data and phylogenetic relationships to gain novel insight into the ecological and evolutionary constraints on community dynamics. However, the key to interpreting these two types of information is an understanding of the extent to which traits are phylogenetically conserved. In this study, we develop the necessary framework for community phylogenetics approaches in a system of marine crustacean herbivores that play an important role in the ecosystem functioning of seagrass systems worldwide. For 16 species of amphipods and isopods, we (1) reconstructed phylogenetic relationships using COI, 16S, and 18S sequences and Bayesian analyses, (2) measured traits that are potentially important for assembling species between and within habitats, and (3) compared the degree to which each of these traits are evolutionarily conserved. Despite poor phylogenetic resolution for the order Amphipoda as a whole, we resolved almost all of the topology for the species in our system, and used a sampling of ultrametric trees from the posterior distribution to account for remaining uncertainty in topology and branch lengths. We found that traits varied widely in their degree of phylogenetic signal. Body mass, fecundity, and tube building showed very strong phylogenetic signal, and temperature tolerance and feeding traits showed much less. As such, the degree of signal was not predictable based on whether the trait is related to environmental filtering or to resource partitioning. Further, we found that even with strong phylogenetic signal in body size, (which may have large impacts on ecosystem function), the predictive relationship between phylogenetic diversity and ecosystem function is not straightforward. We show that patterns of phylogenetic diversity in communities of seagrass mesograzers could lead to a variety of interpretations and predictions, and that detailed study of trait similarities and differences will be necessary to interpret these patterns