Predictors of Early-Career Self-Employment among Millennials in the Digital Economy: The Role of The Great Recession

In today’s digital economy, millennials seek flexibility and task significance, making self-employment an attractive career option. Although millennials are growing to become the largest generation in the United States workforce, evidence is scant regarding what drives their self-employment decisions. This study explores predictors of self-employment among early millennials (i.e. those born between 1980 and 1984) in the years before, during, and after The Great Recession. Using a national U.S. database (NLSY97), we find that millennials who were satisfied with their early-career jobs were more likely to become self-employed before the recession, and also after the recession. During the recession, however, our indicator of job satisfaction is non-significant, although the coefficient indicates an inverse relationship. Our results also suggest that higher autonomy (less parental monitoring) during adolescence is positively related to millennials’ self-employment decision in their early-career stage, especially among women and those who grew up in an urban area

High-dimensional decoy-state quantum key distribution over 0.3 km of multicore telecommunication optical fibers

Multiplexing is a strategy to augment the transmission capacity of a communication system. It consists of combining multiple signals over the same data channel and it has been very successful in classical communications. However, the use of enhanced channels has only reached limited practicality in quantum communications (QC) as it requires the complex manipulation of quantum systems of higher dimensions. Considerable effort is being made towards QC using high-dimensional quantum systems encoded into the transverse momentum of single photons but, so far, no approach has been proven to be fully compatible with the existing telecommunication infrastructure. Here, we overcome such a technological challenge and demonstrate a stable and secure high-dimensional decoy-state quantum key distribution session over a 0.3 km long multicore optical fiber. The high-dimensional quantum states are defined in terms of the multiple core modes available for the photon transmission over the fiber, and the decoy-state analysis demonstrates that our technique enables a positive secret key generation rate up to 25 km of fiber propagation. Finally, we show how our results build up towards a high-dimensional quantum network composed of free-space and fiber based linksComment: Please see the complementary work arXiv:1610.01812 (2016

Emotional quotient of the Administration and Commercial Management students of a private university

La investigación tiene como objetivo determinar la dimensión predominante del cociente emocional de los estudiantes de Administración y Gestión Comercial de una universidad peruana privada. La investigación es de tipo sustantiva y de diseño no experimental, de nivel descriptivo-explicativo y de corte transversal. El instrumento utilizado para evaluar la variable ha sido el cuestionario del cuadro de Cociente Emocional (CE) (Cooper y Sawaf, 1997), el cual está conformado por 262 preguntas aplicadas sobre una muestra de 86 estudiantes universitarios. Los resultados permitieron determinar que la dimensión “Valores y creencias” (B = 1.814) presenta mayor coeficiente y, por ende, aporta más al cociente emocional de los estudiantes analizados. Esta predominancia parte del resultado de la dimensión que presenta un odds ratio (Exp(B)) = 6.134, lo que evidencia que esta es una dimensión de riesgo, lo que llevaría a que un estudiante tenga 6.134 de veces de posibilidad de presentar niveles bajos de cociente emocional respecto a otro con niveles altos de cociente emocional por causa de la dimensión “Valores y creencias”.This research study’s objective is to determine the predominant dimension in the emotional quotient of the Business Management and Administration students of a private university of Peru. The research was substantive, non-experimental, descriptive-explanatory and cross-sectional. The instrument used to evaluate the variable was the of Emotional Quotient questionnaire (Cooper & Sawaf, 1997), which is composed of 262 questions, and it was applied on a sample of 86 university students. The results show that the values and beliefs dimension (B = 1.814) has a higher coefficient and, thus, contributes more to the emotional quotient of the students analyzed. This dominant part of the results of the dimension presented an odds ratio (Exp(B)) = 6.134, which shows that this is a dimension of risk, which would lead a student to have 6.134 times greater possibility of presenting low levels of emotional quotient with respect to another with high levels of emotional quotient because of the dimension values and beliefs

Trapped surfaces, horizons and exact solutions in higher dimensions

A very simple criterion to ascertain if (D-2)-surfaces are trapped in arbitrary D-dimensional Lorentzian manifolds is given. The result is purely geometric, independent of the particular gravitational theory, of any field equations or of any other conditions. Many physical applications arise, a few shown here: a definition of general horizon, which reduces to the standard one in black holes/rings and other known cases; the classification of solutions with a (D-2)-dimensional abelian group of motions and the invariance of the trapping under simple dimensional reductions of the Kaluza-Klein/string/M-theory type. Finally, a stronger result involving closed trapped surfaces is presented. It provides in particular a simple sufficient condition for their absence.Comment: 7 pages, no figures, final version to appear in Class. Quantum Gra

Germination of piriquiti (Adenanthera pavonina L.) under saline stress conditions / Germinação de piriquiti (Adenanthera pavonina L.) sob condições de estresse salinas

 Adenanthera pavonina L. (Piriquiti) is a pioneer Brazilian forest species belonging to the botanical family Fabaceae of characteristics that make it of important economic interest both for its high timber potential, as for ecology and uses as Ornamental plant. Some factors may be limiting to the germination of plant seeds, especially forest, conditions of salt stress can be one of the factors. The present study aimed to show the germination behavior of A. Pavonina when placed under conditions of saline stress, in different levels of NaCl salt, to point to future studies other possibilities of use for the species. The maximum limiting saline concentration found was 2.0% of sodium chloride, below this concentration does not hear statistical difference in the percentage of germination, however, the increase in the saline concentration up to the maximum limit, negatively affected the Germination velocity, levels above 2.0% were not observed germination. 

Using discrete Ricci curvatures to infer COVID-19 epidemic network fragility and systemic risk

The damage of the novel Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is reaching unprecedented scales. There are numerous classical epidemiology models trying to quantify epidemiology metrics. Usually, to forecast epidemics, classical approaches need parameter estimations, such as the contagion rate or the basic reproduction number. Here, we propose a data-driven, parameter-free, geometric approach to access the emergence of a pandemic state by studying the Forman-Ricci and Ollivier- Ricci network curvatures. Discrete Ollivier-Ricci curvature has been used successfully to forecast risk in nancial networks and we suggest that those results can provide analogous results for COVID-19 epidemic time-series. We rst compute both curvatures in a toy-model of epidemic time-series with delays, which allows us to create epidemic networks. We also compared our results to classical network metrics. By doing so, we are able to verify that the Ollivier-Ricci and Forman-Ricci curvatures can be a parameter-free estimate for identifying a pandemic state in the simulated epidemic. On this basis, we then compute both Forman-Ricci and Ollivier-Ricci curvatures for real epidemic networks built from COVID-19 epidemic time-series available at the World Health Organization (WHO). This approach allow us to detect early warning signs of the emergence of the pandemic. The advantage of our method lies in providing an early geometrical data marker for the pandemic state, regardless of parameter estimation and stochastic modelling. This work opens the possibility of using discrete geometry to study epidemic networks. Keywords: COVID-19, SARS2, Forman-Ricci Curvature, Ollivier-Ricci curvature, Epidemiology, Topologi- cal Data Analysi

CONSUMO ALIMENTAR DE CRIANÇAS DO ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL EM UMA INSTITUIÇÃO PÚBLICA

Objetivo: verificar consumo alimentar e classe econômica de escolares de ensino fundamental em uma instituição pública. Método: estudo transversal com 43 escolares entre 6 a 11 anos, de ambos os sexos, da rede municipal de Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil. Os dados foram obtidos mediante questionário semiestruturado com informações de consumo alimentar e socioeconômicas, e pela observação participante. Resultados: Foi verificado alto consumo de produtos industrializados, fontes de proteína de origem animal, gorduras e açúcares refinados, e baixo consumo de fibras e pescados, bem como pouca aderência aos alimentos oferecidos pela escola, independente de classe econômica. Conclusão: O reduzido consumo de vegetais e frutas em todas as classes socioeconômicas e o frequente consumo de biscoitos, doces e produtos de processamento industrial, refletem a baixa qualidade da dieta das crianças. Por isso, a importância do incremento de ações de educação nutricional para promoção de alimentação saudável entre os escolares. Descritores: Consumo Alimentar, Alimentos industrializados, Fatores Socioeconômicos, Ensino fundamental

Improved vectorial finite-element BPM analysis for transverse anisotropic media

An efficient finite-element vector beam propagation formulation for dielectric media with transverse anisotropy is thoroughly presented. This formulation is expressed in terms of the magnetic field's transverse components and includes perfectly matched layers at the truncated boundaries and the wide-angle Pade approach. Several key examples demonstrate the usefulness and effectiveness of the present scheme.21256757

SWARMs Ontology: A Common Information Model for the Cooperation of Underwater Robots

In order to facilitate cooperation between underwater robots, it is a must for robots to exchange information with unambiguous meaning. However, heterogeneity, existing in information pertaining to different robots, is a major obstruction. Therefore, this paper presents a networked ontology, named the Smart and Networking Underwater Robots in Cooperation Meshes (SWARMs) ontology, to address information heterogeneity and enable robots to have the same understanding of exchanged information. The SWARMs ontology uses a core ontology to interrelate a set of domain-specific ontologies, including the mission and planning, the robotic vehicle, the communication and networking, and the environment recognition and sensing ontology. In addition, the SWARMs ontology utilizes ontology constructs defined in the PR-OWL ontology to annotate context uncertainty based on the Multi-Entity Bayesian Network (MEBN) theory. Thus, the SWARMs ontology can provide both a formal specification for information that is necessarily exchanged between robots and a command and control entity, and also support for uncertainty reasoning. A scenario on chemical pollution monitoring is described and used to showcase how the SWARMs ontology can be instantiated, be extended, represent context uncertainty, and support uncertainty reasoning.Eurpean Commission, H2020, 66210