3,569 research outputs found
From Skew-Cyclic Codes to Asymmetric Quantum Codes
We introduce an additive but not -linear map from
to and exhibit some of its interesting
structural properties. If is a linear -code, then is an
additive -code. If is an additive cyclic code then
is an additive quasi-cyclic code of index . Moreover, if is a module
-cyclic code, a recently introduced type of code which will be
explained below, then is equivalent to an additive cyclic code if is
odd and to an additive quasi-cyclic code of index if is even. Given any
-code , the code is self-orthogonal under the trace
Hermitian inner product. Since the mapping preserves nestedness, it can be
used as a tool in constructing additive asymmetric quantum codes.Comment: 16 pages, 3 tables, submitted to Advances in Mathematics of
Communication
A Spectral Line Survey of Selected 3 mm Bands Toward Sagittarius B2(N-LMH) Using the NRAO 12 Meter Radio Telescope and the BIMA Array I. The Observational Data
We have initiated a spectral line survey, at a wavelength of 3 millimeters,
toward the hot molecular core Sagittarius B2(N-LMH). This is the first spectral
line survey of the Sgr B2(N) region utilizing data from both an interferometer
(BIMA Array) and a single-element radio telescope (NRAO 12 meter). In this
survey, covering 3.6 GHz in bandwidth, we detected 218 lines (97 identified
molecular transitions, 1 recombination line, and 120 unidentified transitions).
This yields a spectral line density (lines per 100 MHz) of 6.06, which is much
larger than any previous 3 mm line survey. We also present maps from the BIMA
Array that indicate that most highly saturated species (3 or more H atoms) are
products of grain chemistry or warm gas phase chemistry. Due to the nature of
this survey we are able to probe each spectral line on multiple spatial scales,
yielding information that could not be obtained by either instrument alone.Comment: 35 pages, 15 figures, to be published in The Astrophysical Journa
Identification of Protein-Protein-Interaction (PPI) Inhibitors and Stabilizers for Antimalarial Drug Development using SPR
Bloch oscillations of magnetic solitons in anisotropic spin-1/2 chains
We study the quantum dynamics of soliton-like domain walls in anisotropic
spin-1/2 chains in the presence of magnetic fields. In the absence of fields,
domain walls form a Bloch band of delocalized quantum states while a static
field applied along the easy axis localizes them into Wannier wave packets and
causes them to execute Bloch oscillations, i.e. the domain walls oscillate
along the chain with a finite Bloch frequency and amplitude. In the presence of
the field, the Bloch band, with a continuum of extended states, breaks up into
the Wannier-Zeeman ladder -- a discrete set of equally spaced energy levels. We
calculate the dynamical structure factor in the one-soliton sector at finite
frequency, wave vector, and temperature, and find sharp peaks at frequencies
which are integer multiples of the Bloch frequency. We further calculate the
uniform magnetic susceptibility and find that it too exhibits peaks at the
Bloch frequency. We identify several candidate materials where these Bloch
oscillations should be observable, for example, via neutron scattering
measurements. For the particular compound CoCl_2.2H_2O we estimate the Bloch
amplitude to be on the order of a few lattice constants, and the Bloch
frequency on the order of 100 GHz for magnetic fields in the Tesla range and at
temperatures of about 18 Kelvin.Comment: 31 single-spaced REVTeX pages, including 7 figures embedded with eps
Quantum internal modes of solitons in 1d easy-plane antiferromagnet in strong magnetic field
In presence of a strong external magnetic field the dynamics of solitons in a
one-dimensional easy-plane Heisenberg antiferromagnet exhibits a number of
peculiarities. Dynamics of internal soliton degrees of freedom is essentially
quantum, and they are strongly coupled to the "translational" mode of soliton
movement. These peculiarities lead to considerable changes in the response
functions of the system which can be detected experimentally.Comment: 8 pages, RevTeX, 6 figures, uses psfig.sty, submitted to PR
Ecophysiological modeling of photosynthesis and carbon allocation to the tree stem in the boreal forest
A better understanding of the coupling between photosynthesis and carbon allocation in the boreal forest, together with its associated environmental factors and mechanistic rules, is crucial to accurately predict boreal forest carbon stocks and fluxes, which are significant components of the global carbon budget. Here, we adapted the MAIDEN ecophysiological forest model to consider important processes for boreal tree species, such as nonlinear acclimation of photosynthesis to temperature changes, canopy development as a function of previous-year climate variables influencing bud formation and the temperature dependence of carbon partition in summer. We tested these modifications in the eastern Canadian taiga using black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) gross primary production and ring width data. MAIDEN explains 90% of the observed daily gross primary production variability, 73% of the annual ring width variability and 20-30% of its high-frequency component (i.e., when decadal trends are removed). The positive effect on stem growth due to climate warming over the last several decades is well captured by the model. In addition, we illustrate how we improve the model with each introduced model adaptation and compare the model results with those of linear response functions. Our results demonstrate that MAIDEN simulates robust relationships with the most important climate variables (those detected by classical response-function analysis) and is a powerful tool for understanding how environmental factors interact with black spruce ecophysiol-ogy to influence present-day and future boreal forest carbon fluxes.Peer reviewe
Massive and Massless Behavior in Dimerized Spin Ladders
We investigate the conditions under which a gap vanishes in the spectrum of
dimerized coupled spin-1/2 chains by means of Abelian bosonization and Lanczos
diagonalization techniques. Although both interchain () and dimerization
() couplings favor a gapful phase, it is shown that a suitable choice
of these interactions yields massless spin excitations. We also discuss the
influence of different arrays of relative dimerization on the appearance of
non-trivial magnetization plateaus.Comment: 5 pages, RevTex, 5 Postscript figure
A uniqueness theorem for the adS soliton
The stability of physical systems depends on the existence of a state of
least energy. In gravity, this is guaranteed by the positive energy theorem.
For topological reasons this fails for nonsupersymmetric Kaluza-Klein
compactifications, which can decay to arbitrarily negative energy. For related
reasons, this also fails for the AdS soliton, a globally static, asymptotically
toroidal spacetime with negative mass. Nonetheless, arguing from
the AdS/CFT correspondence, Horowitz and Myers (hep-th/9808079) proposed a new
positive energy conjecture, which asserts that the AdS soliton is the unique
state of least energy in its asymptotic class. We give a new structure theorem
for static spacetimes and use it to prove uniqueness of the AdS
soliton. Our results offer significant support for the new positive energy
conjecture and add to the body of rigorous results inspired by the AdS/CFT
correspondence.Comment: Revtex, 4 pages; Matches published version. More detail in Abstract
and one equation corrected. For details of proofs and further results, see
hep-th/020408
Controlling a spillover pathway with the molecular cork effect
Spillover of reactants from one active site to another is important in heterogeneous catalysis and has recently been shown to enhance hydrogen storage in a variety of materials. The spillover of hydrogen is notoriously hard to detect or control. We report herein that the hydrogen spillover pathway on a Pd/Cu alloy can be controlled by reversible adsorption of a spectator molecule. Pd atoms in the Cu surface serve as hydrogen dissociation sites from which H atoms can spillover onto surrounding Cu regions. Selective adsorption of CO at these atomic Pd sites is shown to either prevent the uptake of hydrogen on, or inhibit its desorption from, the surface. In this way, the hydrogen coverage on the whole surface can be controlled by molecular adsorption at a minority site, which we term a ‘molecular cork’ effect. We show that the molecular cork effect is present during a surface catalysed hydrogenation reaction and illustrate how it can be used as a method for controlling uptake and release of hydrogen in a model storage syste
Implications of possible interpretations of 'greenhouse gas balance' in the Paris Agreement
The main goal of the Paris Agreement as stated in Article 2 is ‘holding the increase in the global average temperature to well below 2°C above pre-industrial levels and pursuing efforts to limit the temperature increase to 1.5°C’. Article 4 points to this long-term goal and the need to achieve ‘balance between anthropogenic emissions by sources and removals by sinks of greenhouse gases'. This statement on ‘greenhouse gas balance’ is subject to interpretation, and clarifications are needed to make it operational for national and international climate policies. We study possible interpretations from a scientific perspective and analyse their climatic implications. We clarify how the implications for individual gases depend on the metrics used to relate them. We show that the way in which balance is interpreted, achieved and maintained influences temperature outcomes. Achieving and maintaining net-zero CO2-equivalent emissions conventionally calculated using GWP100 (100-year global warming potential) and including substantial positive contributions from short-lived climate-forcing agents such as methane would result in a sustained decline in global temperature. A modified approach to the use of GWP100 (that equates constant emissions of short-lived climate forcers with zero sustained emission of CO2) results in global temperatures remaining approximately constant once net-zero CO2-equivalent emissions are achieved and maintained. Our paper provides policymakers with an overview of issues and choices that are important to determine which approach is most appropriate in the context of the Paris Agreement. This article is part of the theme issue ‘The Paris Agreement: understanding the physical and social challenges for a warming world of 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels'
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