The Effect of Post-injury Depression on Return to Pre-injury Function: a Prospective Cohort Study

BACKGROUND: Millions of people seek emergency department (ED) care for injuries each year, the majority for minor injuries. Little is known about the effect of psychiatric co-morbid disorders that emerge after minor injury on functional recovery. This study examined the effect of post-injury depression on return to pre-injury levels of function. METHOD: This was a longitudinal cohort study with follow-up at 3, 6 and 12 months post-injury: 275 adults were randomly selected from those presenting to the ED with minor injury; 248 were retained over the post-injury year. Function was measured with the Functional Status Questionnaire (FSQ). Psychiatric disorders were diagnosed using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV-TR disorders (SCID). RESULTS: During the post-injury year, 18.1% [95% confidence interval (CI) 13.3-22.9] were diagnosed with depression. Adjusting for clinical and demographic covariates, the depressed group was less likely to return to pre-injury levels of activities of daily living [odds ratio (OR) 8.37, 95% CI 3.78-18.53] and instrumental activities of daily living (OR 3.25, 95% CI 1.44-7.31), less likely to return to pre-injury work status (OR 2.37, 95% CI 1.04-5.38), and more likely to spend days in bed because of health (OR 2.41, 95% CI 1.15-5.07). CONCLUSIONS: Depression was the most frequent psychiatric diagnosis in the year after minor injury requiring emergency care. Individuals with depression did not return to pre-injury levels of function during the post-injury year

Passive acoustic metrics to understand shallow water biodiversity off Malvan area in the west coast of India

527-536Underwater soundscape monitoring is an effective method to understand the biodiversity of an ecosystem. In this context, quantitative characterization of shallow water soundscape of the Burnt Island located off Malvan area in the west coast of India (WCI) is carried out. The soundscape characterization involves analysis of the “waveform”, “spectrogram”, and the “power spectral density” (PSD) of the recorded passive acoustic data. Biophonies such as the fish chorus of Terapon theraps, sparse calls of Carangidae along with another unnamed fish species community is reported. Evaluation of the PSDs and corresponding peak frequencies to distinguish the wave-breaking sound and fish species are also covered. Three acoustic metrics namely acoustic entropy (H), acoustic richness (AR), and acoustic complexity index (ACI) of passive acoustic recordings are computed and analyzed to understand their role in relation to fish chorus, wave-breaking, and sparsely available fish sound

SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERISATION AND EVALUATION OF SOME 1,5-BENZODIAZEPINE QUINOLIN-2-ONE DERIVATIVES AS POSSIBLE HYPNOTIC AGENTS.

A series of novel 3-(2-(phenyl/substituted phenyl)-1H-benzo[b] [1,5]-diazepin-4-yl)-4-methoxy-1-phenyl/methylquinolin-2(1H)-one [IV-a(1-6)/IV-b(1-6)] derivatives were synthesised by condensation of 3-substituted cinnamoyl-4-methoxy-1-phenyl/methylquinolin-2(1H)-one [III-a(1-6)/III-b(1-6)] with o-phenylenediamine. The results of the docking studies revealed that the synthesised compounds exhibited well conserved hydrogen bonding with one or more amino acid residues in the active pocket of alpha1beta3gamma2L GABA(A) Receptor (PDB ID: 6HUO) using Molegro Virtual Docker Software (MVD-2013, 6.0). The title compounds exhibited Mol Dock Score in the range of -124.502 to -149.448 with score more or comparable to the standard ligand score of -127.4127 and better than the standard drug -92.3878. All the synthesized compounds were satisfactorily characterized by spectral analysis and were tested for in vivo hypnotic activity based on the potentiation of barbiturate (phenobarbitone) sleeping time in miceusing diazepam as reference standard. All the compounds, except 4-methoxy-1-methyl-3-(2-(3-nitrophenyl)-1H-benzo[b][1,5]-diazepin-4-yl) quinolin-2(1H)-one (IV-b4), significantly decreased the sleep latency, prolonged the duration of sleep and also showed good muscle relaxation property. Among the synthesised compounds, 4-methoxy-3-(2-(3-methoxyphenyl)-1H-benzo[b][1,5]-diazepin-4-yl)-1-phenylquinolin-2(1H)-one (IV-a3) was found to be the most potenthypnotic agentwith sleep latency of 26.67 ± 2.629 min and sleeping time of 111.00 ± 6.028 minutesand matches with pharmacophore mapping of the designed molecule with the MolDock score

The First Global Integrated Marine Assessment: World Ocean Assessment I

We used satellite-derived sea-surface-temperature (SST) data along with in-situ data collected along a meridional transect between 18.85 and 20.25°N along 69.2°E to describe the evolution of an SST filament and front during 25 November to 1 December in the northeastern Arabian Sea (NEAS). Both features were ∼ 100 km long, lasted about a week and were associated with weak temperature gradients (∼ 0.07°C km⁻¹). The in-situ data were collected first using a suite of surface sensors during a north–south mapping of this transect and showed the existence of a chlorophyll maximum within the filament. This surface data acquisition was followed by a high-resolution south–north CTD (conductivity–temperature–depth) sampling along the transect. In the two days that elapsed between the two in-situ measurements, the filament had shrunk in size and moved northward. In general, the current direction was northwestward and advected these mesoscale features. The CTD data also showed an SST front towards the northern end of the transect. In both these features, the chlorophyll concentration was higher than in the surrounding waters. The temperature and salinity data from the CTD suggest upward mixing or pumping of water from the base of the mixed layer, where a chlorophyll maximum was present, into the mixed layer that was about 60 m thick. A striking diurnal cycle was evident in the chlorophyll concentration, with higher values tending to occur closer to the surface during the night. The in-situ data from both surface sensors and CTD, and so also satellite-derived chlorophyll data, showed higher chlorophyll concentration, particularly at sub-surface levels, between the filament and the front, but there was no corresponding signature in the temperature and salinity data. Analysis of the SST fronts in the satellite data shows that fronts weaker than those associated with the filament and the front had crossed the transect in this region a day or two preceding the sampling of the front

Globally aligned photomosaic of the Lucky Strike hydrothermal vent field (Mid-Atlantic Ridge, 37°18.5′N) : release of georeferenced data, mosaic construction, and viewing software

Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2008. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems 9 (2008): Q12009, doi:10.1029/2008GC002204.We present a georeferenced photomosaic of the Lucky Strike hydrothermal vent field (Mid-Atlantic Ridge, 37°18′N). The photomosaic was generated from digital photographs acquired using the ARGO II seafloor imaging system during the 1996 LUSTRE cruise, which surveyed a ∼1 km2 zone and provided a coverage of ∼20% of the seafloor. The photomosaic has a pixel resolution of 15 mm and encloses the areas with known active hydrothermal venting. The final mosaic is generated after an optimization that includes the automatic detection of the same benthic features across different images (feature-matching), followed by a global alignment of images based on the vehicle navigation. We also provide software to construct mosaics from large sets of images for which georeferencing information exists (location, attitude, and altitude per image), to visualize them, and to extract data. Georeferencing information can be provided by the raw navigation data (collected during the survey) or result from the optimization obtained from image matching. Mosaics based solely on navigation can be readily generated by any user but the optimization and global alignment of the mosaic requires a case-by-case approach for which no universally software is available. The Lucky Strike photomosaics (optimized and navigated-only) are publicly available through the Marine Geoscience Data System (MGDS, http://www.marine-geo.org). The mosaic-generating and viewing software is available through the Computer Vision and Robotics Group Web page at the University of Girona (http://eia.udg.es/∼rafa/mosaicviewer.html).This work has been supported by the EU Marie Curie RTNs MOMARNet (OD, RG, JE, LN, JF, NG) and FREESUBNet (RG, NG, XC), the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (grant CTM2007–64751; RG, JE), CNRS and ANR (grant ANR NT05–3_42212, JE), ICREA (LN), and by the Generalitat de Catalunya (JE, RG). JF has been funded by MICINN under FPI grant BES-2006-12733 and NG has been supported by MICINN under the ‘‘Ramon y Cajal’’ program

Stereodivergent Synthesis of Enantioenriched 4-Hydroxy-2- cyclopentenones

Protected 4-hydroxycyclopentenones (4-HCPs) constitute an important class of intermediates in chemical synthesis. A route to this class of compound has been developed. Key steps include Noyori reduction (which establishes the stereochemistry of the product), ring-closing metathesis, and simple functional group conversions to provide a set of substituted 4-HCPs in either enantiomeric form

BoBBLE: ocean-atmosphere interaction and its impact on the South Asian monsoon

The Bay of Bengal (BoB) plays a fundamental role in controlling the weather systems that make up the South Asian summer monsoon system. In particular,the southern BoB has cooler sea surface temperature (SST) that influence ocean-atmosphere interaction and impact on the monsoon. Compared to the southeast, the southwestern BoB is cooler, more saline, receives much less rain, and is influenced by the Summer Monsoon Current(SMC). To examine the impact of these features on the monsoon, the BoB Boundary Layer Experiment (BoBBLE) was jointly undertaken by India and the UK during June–July 2016. Physical and bio-geochemical observations were made using a CTD, five ocean gliders, a uCTD, a VMP, two ADCPs, Argo floats, drifting buoys, meteorological sensors and upper air radiosonde balloons. The observations were made along a zonal section at 8◦N between 85.3◦E and 89◦E with a 10-day time series at 89◦E, 8◦N. This paper presents the new observed features of the southern BoB from the BoBBLE field program, supported by satellite data. Key results from the BoBBLE field campaign show the Sri Lanka Dome and the SMC in different stages of their seasonal evolution and two freshening events during which salinity decreased in the upper layer leading to the formation of thick barrier layers. BoBBLE observations were taken during a suppressed phase of the intraseasonal oscillation; they captured in detail the warming of the ocean mixed layer and preconditioning of the atmosphere to convection

Probing Chemical Space with Alkaloid-Inspired Libraries

Screening of small molecule libraries is an important aspect of probe and drug discovery science. Numerous authors have suggested that bioactive natural products are attractive starting points for such libraries, due to their structural complexity and sp3-rich character. Here, we describe the construction of a screening library based on representative members of four families of biologically active alkaloids (Stemonaceae, the structurally related cyclindricine and lepadiformine families, lupin, and Amaryllidaceae). In each case, scaffolds were based on structures of the naturally occurring compounds or a close derivative. Scaffold preparation was pursued following the development of appropriate enabling chemical methods. Diversification provided 686 new compounds suitable for screening. The libraries thus prepared had structural characteristics, including sp3 content, comparable to a basis set of representative natural products and were highly rule-of-five compliant