Civilizational Values of the Armenian Society in Response to the Global Challenges of Human Civilization

At the present stage of world globalization processes, universal human values, consisting of a multitude of national values, are becoming especially important. The territory and population, the state and economy, social, public and cultural spheres of life are national values of the Armenians, and their preservation and development are the most important prerequisites for national security, both in their homeland and in the Diaspora. A particularly significant role in the permanent process of ensuring the necessary conditions for the national security of the Armenian people and Armenian statehood, in the most complicated and contradictory conditions of the globalization in the III millennium, is to be played by young people who constitute the active and creative core of nowadays society. The young generation, being the main heir to the centuries-old culture, is designed to preserve the values and traditions of the Armenian civilization and, thus, ensure the future path of the Armenian people in history

Prediction of oil-film thickness and shape in elliptical point contacts under combined rolling and sliding motion

The paper presents a numerical solution for elliptical point contact conjunctions under combined rolling and sliding motion. This condition is prevalent in many practical applications, such as rolling element bearings and conformal gears. An effective influence Newton–Raphson method is employed in local point distributed or global line distributed low-relaxation iterations. This method enables determination of the pressure distribution and film shape at high loads such as are encountered in many practical applications. Some of the numerical predictions have been validated against experimental results

Principles of protein targeting to the nucleolus

© 2015 The Author(s). Published with license by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC© Robert M Martin, Gohar Ter-Avetisyan, Henry D Herce, Anne K Ludwig, Gisela Lättig-Tünnemann, and M Cristina Cardoso This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The moral rights of the named author(s) have been asserted.The nucleolus is the hallmark of nuclear compartmentalization and has been shown to exert multiple roles in cellular metabolism besides its main function as the place of rRNA synthesis and assembly of ribosomes. Nucleolar proteins dynamically localize and accumulate in this nuclear compartment relative to the surrounding nucleoplasm. In this study, we have assessed the molecular requirements that are necessary and sufficient for the localization and accumulation of peptides and proteins inside the nucleoli of living cells. The data showed that positively charged peptide entities composed of arginines alone and with an isoelectric point at and above 12.6 are necessary and sufficient for mediating significant nucleolar accumulation. A threshold of 6 arginines is necessary for peptides to accumulate in nucleoli, but already 4 arginines are sufficient when fused within 15 amino acid residues of a nuclear localization signal of a protein. Using a pH sensitive dye, we found that the nucleolar compartment is particularly acidic when compared to the surrounding nucleoplasm and, hence, provides the ideal electrochemical environment to bind poly-arginine containing proteins. In fact, we found that oligo-arginine peptides and GFP fusions bind RNA in vitro. Consistent with RNA being the main binding partner for arginines in the nucleolus, we found that the same principles apply to cells from insects to man, indicating that this mechanism is highly conserved throughout evolution.RMM was supported by a post-doctoral grant from Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia, Portugal (SFRH-BPD-66611–2009). This work was supported by grants of the German Research Council (DFG CA198/3) to MCC.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

The Role of Corticothalamic Projections (Prelimbic Cortex to Nucleus Reuniens) in Working Memory

Working memory (WM) is the ability to store information for short periods of time and is used to execute tasks WM has been understood to work via the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and dorsal hippocampus (dHPC), but they do not directly project to each other The nucleus reuniens of the thalamus (Re) is a “middle man” between the mPFC and dHPC There are projections between the prelimbic cortex (PrL) and Re that may be used during WM To test the connection of the PrL to Re, a delayed nonmatch to position (DNMTP) task was performe

Activation characteristics of different steel alloys proposed for near-term fusion reactors

Analyses have been made for different structural alloys proposed for the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER). Candidate alloys include austenitic steels stabilized with nickel (NiSS) or manganese (MnSS). The radioactivity, the decay heat, and the waste disposal rating of each alloy have been calculated for the inboard shield of the ITER design option utilizing water cooled solid breeder blanket. The results show, for the 55 cm inboard shield and after 3 MW.yr/m2 fluence, that the long term activation problems, e.g., radioactive waste, of the MnSS are much less than that of the NiSS. All the MnSS alloys considered are qualified as Class C or better low level waste. Most of the NiSS alloys are not qualified for near surface burial. However, the short term decay heat generation rate for the MnSS is much higher than that of the NiSS. 6 refs., 8 figs., 2 tabs

Post COP26: does the 1.5°C climate target remain alive?

One of the COP26 aims was to keep 1.5°C within reach by asking countries to come forward with ambitious year 2030 emission reductions targets to further pursue the necessary action to meet the Paris climate targets. We assess the mean global temperature rise given the updated year 2030 emission pledges in the context of future emission pathways considered by the international scientific community. Overall, we find current pledges are not consistent with a likely meeting of 1.5°C this century without overshoot. Meeting the 1.5°C goal in 2100 post overshoot given the pledges remains feasible, but urgent action is required to ensure pledges are met and policies are in place for the very deep and rapid emission reductions that are required post 2030

High temperature fusion reactor design

Fusion energy may have unique advantages over other systems as a source for high temperature process heat. A conceptual design of a blanket for a 7 m tokamak reactor has been developed that is capable of producing 1100/sup 0/C process heat at a pressure of approximately 10 atmospheres. The design is based on the use of a falling bed of MgO spheres as the high temperature heat transfer system. By preheating the spheres with energy taken from the low temperature tritium breeding part of the blanket, 1086 MW of energy can be generated at 1100/sup 0/C from a system that produces 3000 MW of total energy while sustaining a tritium breeding ratio of 1.07. The tritium breeding is accomplished using Li/sub 2/O modules both in front of (6 cm thick) and behind (50 cm thick) the high temperature ducts. Steam is used as the first wall and front tritium breeding module coolant while helium is used in the rear tritium breeding region. The system produces 600 MW of net electricity for use on the grid

Boundary Conditions for Elastohydrodynamics of Circular Point Contacts

The paper presents the solution of an elastohydrodynamic point contact condition using inlet and outlet lubricant entrainment with partial counter-flow. The inlet and outlet boundaries are determined using potential flow analysis for the pure rolling of contiguous surfaces. This shows that Swift–Stieber boundary conditions best conform to the observed partial counter-flow at the inlet conjunction, satisfying the compatibility condition. For the outlet region, the same is true when Prandtl–Hopkins boundary conditions are employed. Using these boundary conditions, the predictions conform closely to the measured pressure distribution using a deposited pressure-sensitive micro-transducer in a ball-to-flat race contact. Furthermore, the predicted conjunctional shape closely conforms to the often observed characteristic keyhole conjunction through optical interferometry. The combined numerical–experimental analysis with realistic boundary conditions described here has not hitherto been reported in the literature

Capacity development in food composition database management and nutritional research and education in Central and Eastern European, Middle Eastern and North African countries

Background/Objectives: Capacity development (CD) in food and nutrition is much more than formal training and includes human resource development, and organisational, institutional and legal framework development with the aim of enhancing nutrition-relevant knowledge and skills to support infrastructural development. The goal of the European Food Information Resource (EuroFIR) Network of Excellence has been to develop and integrate food composition data throughout Europe. EuroFIR joined forces in CD with the United Nations (UN) University and UN System Standing Committee on Nutrition, the Network for Capacity Development in Nutrition in Central and Eastern Europe, the Central and Eastern European Countries Food Data Systems network and with the Middle East and North African Capacity Building Initiative. The aim of this paper is to discuss an inventory of the status of food composition databases (FCDBs) and the training needs of compilers in non-EuroFIR countries in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) and in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA), and to present the CD achieved through EuroFIR and other network collaborations. Subjects/Methods: Two online questionnaires were created addressing the FCDB status and specific training needs in countries of the targeted regions. Data were collected during 2006-2008 and then analysed. Subsequently, CD activities were organised. Results: Contacts were established in 19 CEE and 7 MENA countries, of which several had national food composition tables, but no electronic versions. Education, training, workshops, networking and the sharing of experiences were uniformly requested. Subsequently, CD activities in EuroFIR were organised focussing on food composition courses, exchange visits, workshops and individual training for PhD students, junior scientists and other staff categories, as well as conferences linked to food composition research and food information. To facilitate CD activities, EuroFIR has signed a Memorandum of Understanding with the Czech Republic, Hungary, Slovenia, Croatia and Estonia. Conclusions: EuroFIR has created training activities that complement national activities. Collaboration with other networks has provided an overview of FCDB status and training needs, providing directions for CD activities in those countries. This provides a platform for new funding and further development and networking for CD, which would be conducive to European Commission objectives and public health strategies for CD. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition (2010) 64, S134-S138; doi:10.1038/ejcn.2010.22

ITER breeding blanket design

A breeding blanket design has been developed for ITER to provide the necessary tritium fuel to achieve the technical objectives of the Enhanced Performance Phase. It uses a ceramic breeder and water coolant for compatibility with the ITER machine design of the Basic Performance Phase. Lithium zirconate and lithium oxide am the selected ceramic breeders based on the current data base. Enriched lithium and beryllium neutron multiplier are used for both breeders. Both forms of beryllium material, blocks and pebbles are used at different blanket locations based on thermo-mechanical considerations and beryllium thickness requirements. Type 316LN austenitic steel is used as structural material similar to the shielding blanket. Design issues and required R&D data are identified during the development of the design