Análisis de las estrategias de lectura en estudiantes sordos en función de sus habilidades lingüísticas y metafonológicas: estudio de casos

[ES]El objetivo principal en este Trabajo de Fin de Grado es examinar los niveles lectores y las estrategias de lectura utilizadas por niños sordos, con y sin implante coclear, en edad escolar obligatoria en la Comunidad Autónoma de Cantabria. Para ello, se ha llevado a cabo un estudio de casos en el que todos los participantes fueron evaluados en nivel lector, habilidades lingüísticas y metafonología a través de la batería PEALE y la prueba TECLE. La hipótesis principal del estudio era que los alumnos con discapacidad auditiva hacían uso de la Estrategia de Palabras clave, la cual consiste en una lectura centrada en las palabras de contenido de la frase, ignorando las palabras funcionales. Se relacionará tanto el uso de esta estrategia como los niveles lectores de los participantes con sus carencias a nivel lingüístico, especialmente, a nivel sintáctico y de vocabulario, teniendo en cuenta el grado de pérdida auditiva, el tipo de ayuda técnica utilizada y el tipo de implante coclear (precoz o tardío) que presentan los participantes.[EN]The main objective of this study is to examine reading levels and reading strategies used by deaf children in compulsory education age with and without cochlear implants in the Cantabria region. With this aim a study was carried out with 8 children in which their linguistic bases were evaluated through PEALE and TECLE tests. The main hypothesis was that students with auditory disabilities used Key Word Strategy in order to read. This strategy consists of reading focused on content words, ignoring functional words inside sentences. These strategies, along with their linguistic scarcities, will be related to the participants ́ reading levels together with their linguistic scarcities, especially at a semantic level and vocabulary level, taking into consideration their hearing loss, the kind of technical aids used and the type of cochlear implant (early or late) that the participants present

Assessing the Retail Food Environment in Madrid: An Evaluation of Administrative Data against Ground Truthing

Previous studies have suggested that European settings face unique food environment issues; however, retail food environments (RFE) outside Anglo-Saxon contexts remain understudied. We assessed the completeness and accuracy of an administrative dataset against ground truthing, using the example of Madrid (Spain). Further, we tested whether its completeness differed by its area-level socioeconomic status (SES) and population density. First, we collected data on the RFE through the ground truthing of 42 census tracts. Second, we retrieved data on the RFE from an administrative dataset covering the entire city (n = 2412 census tracts), and matched outlets using location matching and location/name matching. Third, we validated the administrative dataset against the gold standard of ground truthing. Using location matching, the administrative dataset had a high sensitivity (0.95; [95% CI = 0.89, 0.98]) and positive predictive values (PPV) (0.79; [95% CI = 0.70, 0.85]), while these values were substantially lower using location/name matching (0.55 and 0.45, respectively). Accuracy was slightly higher using location/name matching (k = 0.71 vs 0.62). We found some evidence for systematic differences in PPV by area-level SES using location matching, and in both sensitivity and PPV by population density using location/name matching. Administrative datasets may offer a reliable and cost-effective source to measure retail food access; however, their accuracy needs to be evaluated before using them for research purposes.This research was funded by the European Research Council under the European Union’ Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007–2013/ERC Starting Grant HeartHealthyHoods Agreement no.336893).S

Food availability and affordability in a Mediterranean urban context: Associations by store type and area-level socioeconomic status

Objective: Although food environments have been highlighted as potentially effective targets to improve population diets, evidence on Mediterranean food environments is lacking. We examined differences in food availability and affordability in Madrid (Spain) by store type and area-level socioeconomic status. Design: Cross-sectional study. Trained researchers conducted food store audits using the validated NEMS-S-MED tool to measure the availability and price of 12 food groups(specific foods=35). We computed NEMS-S-MED scores and summarized price data with a Relative Price Index (RPI, comparing prices across stores) and an Affordability Index (normalizing prices by area-level income). We compared availability and affordability of ‘healthier–less healthy’ food pairs, scores between food store types (supermarkets, specialized, convenience stores, and others) and area-level socioeconomic status using ANOVA and multilevel regression models. Setting: City of Madrid. 2016 and 2019 to cover a representative sample. Participants: Food stores within a socioeconomically diverse sample of 63 census tracts (n=151). Results: Supermarkets had higher food availability (37.5/49 NEMS-S-MED points), compared to convenience stores(13.5/49), and specialized stores(8/49). Supermarkets offered lower prices (RPI: 0.83) than specialized stores(RPI: 0.97) and convenience stores(RPI: 2.06). Both ‘healthy’ and ‘less healthy’ items were more available in supermarkets. We found no differences in food availability or price by area-level socioeconomic status, but affordability was higher in higher-income areas. Conclusions: Supermarkets offered higher food availability and affordability for healthy and less healthy food items. Promoting healthy food availability through supermarkets and specialized stores and/or limiting access to convenience stores are promising policy options to achieve a healthier food environment.CFE was supported by the Institute of Health Carlos III under a Medical Residency programme. MF was supported by the European Research Council under the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme [FP7/2007-2013/ERC Starting Grant HeartHealthyHoods Agreement n. 336893]. UB was supported by an award from the National Institutes of Health's Office of the Director [DP5OD26429]. Open Access for this study was funded by the University of Alicante

Changing Neighborhoods and Residents’ Health Perceptions: The Heart Healthy Hoods Qualitative Study

Cities, and therefore neighborhoods, are under constant change. Neighborhood changes may affect residents’ health in multiple ways. The Heart Healthy Hoods (HHH) project studies the association between neighborhood and residents’ health. Focusing on a middle–low-socioeconomic neighborhood in Madrid (Spain), our aim was to describe qualitatively its residents’ perceptions on the urban changes and their impacts on health. We designed a qualitative study using 16 semi-structured interviews including adult residents and professionals living or working in the area. Firstly, we described the perceived main social and neighborhood changes. Secondly, we studied how these neighborhood changes connected to residents’ health perceptions. Perceived major social changes were new demographic composition, new socio–cultural values and economic changes. Residents’ negative health perceptions were the reduction of social relationships, increase of stress and labor precariousness. Positive health perceptions were the creation of supportive links, assimilation of self-care activities and the change in traditional roles. Neighborhood changes yielded both negative and positive effects on residents’ health. These effects would be the result of the interrelation of different elements such as the existence or absence of social ties, family responsibilities, time availability, economic resources and access and awareness to health-promoting programs. These qualitative research results provide important insight into crafting urban health policies that may ultimately improve health outcomes in communities undergoing change

Diabetes mellitus type 2: Exploratory data analysis based on clinical reading

Diabetes mellitus type 2 (DMT2) is a severe and complex health problem. It is the most common type of diabetes. DMT2 is a chronic metabolic disorder that affects the way your body metabolizes sugar. With DMT2, your body either resists the effects of insulin or does not produce sufficient insulin to continue normal glucose levels. DMT2 is a disease that requires a multifactorial approach of controlling that includes lifestyle change and pharmacotherapy. Less than ideal management increases the risk of developing complications and comorbidities such as cardiovascular disease and numerous social and economic penalties. That is why the studies dedicated to the pathophysiological mechanisms and the treatment of DMT2 are extremely numerous and diverse. In this study, exploratory data analysis approaches are applied for the treatment of clinical and anthropometric readings of patients with DMT2. Since multivariate statistics is a well-known method for classification, modeling and interpretation of large collections of data, the major aim of the present study was to reveal latent relations between the objects of the investigation (group of patients and control group) and the variables describing the objects (clinical and anthropometric parameters). In the proposed method by the application of hierarchical cluster analysis and principal component analysis it is possible to identify reduced number of parameters which appear to be the most significant discriminant parameters to distinguish between four patterns of patients with DMT2. However, there is still lack of multivariate statistical studies using DMT2 data sets to assess different aspects of the problem like optimal rapid monitoring of the patients or specific separation of patients into patterns of similarity related to their health status which could be of help in preparation of data bases for DMT2 patients. The outcome from the study could be of custom for the selection of significant tests for rapid monitoring of patients and more detailed approach to the health status of DMT2 patients

Alternativas de cumplimiento de responsabilidad social corporativa en gestión de recursos humanos. La norma SA8000

En este trabajo se analiza el concepto de Responsabilidad Social Corporativa en relación a la gestión de RRHH. Se definen cinco instrumentos de posible desarrollo, sus ventajas e inconvenientes. Finalmente, se estudia la implantación de la herramienta más avanzada y potente, la norma SA8000.In this article we discuss how the concept of Corporate social responsability in relation to personnel management. Five instrument of development are defined along this text, while its advantages and difficulty. Finally we approach to the state of the new standard Social Accountability 8000

Residents’ Insights on Their Local Food Environment and Dietary Behaviors: A Cross-City Comparison Using Photovoice in Spain

Perceptions of local food environments and the ability of citizens to engage in participatory research may vary, even if participants share similar cultural and socioeconomic contexts. In this study, we aimed to describe participants’ narratives about their local food environment in two cities in Spain. We used the participatory methodology of Photovoice to engage participants in Madrid (n = 24) and Bilbao (n = 17) who took and discussed photographs about their local food environment (Madrid; n = 163 and Bilbao; n = 70). Common themes emerged across both cities (food insecurity, poverty, use of public spaces for eating and social gathering, cultural diversity and overconsumption of unhealthy foods); however, in Bilbao citizens perceived that there was sufficient availability of healthy foods despite that living in impoverished communities. Photovoice was a useful tool to engage participating citizens to improve their local food environments in both cities. This new approach allowed for a photovoice cross-city comparison that could be useful to fully understand the complexity and diversity of residents’ perceptions regardless of their place of residence.This research was funded by The European Research Council under the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007–2013/ERC Starting Grant Heart Healthy Hoods Agreement no. 336893) and the University of the Basque Country (16/35, 2016). “The Photovoice project in Madrid was co-funded by an “Ignacio Hernando de Llarramendi” research grant 2014 of the MAPFRE Foundation”

Thyroid lobectomy in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer: an analysis of the clinical outcomes in a nationwide multicenter study

Cirugía de tiroides; Lobectomía; Recurrencia del tumorCirurgia de tiroides; Lobectomia; Recurrència del tumorThyroid surgery; Lobectomy; Tumor recurrenceBackground: Total thyroidectomy is the standard initial surgery for differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC), but the extent of the thyroidectomy remains controversial. Thyroid lobectomy (TL) has been widely used in eastern countries; however, its use has not been generalized in western countries, including Spain. Our aims were to analyse the clinical outcome of a multicentre nation-wide cohort of DTC patients treated by TL and to assess the proportion of patients who required completion of the thyroidectomy and who presented disease recurrence. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed patients who underwent TL for DTC and were followed-up for ≥12 months. We collected demographic, clinical, and histopathological data. Dynamic risk stratification (DRS) was performed at 12 months and at last visit. Results: One hundred and sixty-four patients (128 women, mean age 50.8 years, median follow-up 45.4 months) from 9 hospitals were included. There were 158 cases of papillary and 6 of follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC). Remission of the disease (excellent response) was shown in 71.6% of the patients at 12 months and in 74.4% at the end of follow-up. At that time, there were 34 patients (20.7%) with indeterminate response, 6 (3.7%) with biochemical incomplete response, and 2 (1.2%) with structural incomplete response. Completion of the thyroidectomy was necessary in 8 patients (4.9%), but only 3 of them (1.8%) had disease recurrence. Conclusions: These results, obtained in real clinical practice, suggest that TL is a safe operative option for selected patients with DTC and that the intensity of the treatment must be tailored according to the presurgical tumor-associated risk, in line with a personalized medicine

La escala Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) como predictora del TDAH: comportamiento de los índices SDQ respecto a las dimensiones “hiperactividad/Impulsividad” e “inatención” en una muestra clínica.

Introduction: Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) is an international screening tool widely used for research and clinical practice on child and adolescents. Objective: The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between SDQ indices and “Hyperactivity/Impulsivity" and "inattention" domains of specific ADHD scale. Method: The SDQ and ADHD-RS-IV were administered to parents and teachers of a sample of 212 children aged between 6 and 16 years old with a prior diagnosis of ADHD. Results: A significant relationship between "Hyperactivity/inattention" Scale (SDQ) and "hyperactivity/impulsivity" and "inattention" ADHD dimensions was confirmed. However, other SDQ scales were also related, depending of informant and ADHD domain. For the family, "hyperactivity/impulsivity" domain was related with high scores on "behavior problems" scale, while the "inattention" was related with "emotional symptoms" scale. Conclusions: This results suggest the possibility of to take into account rating scores on SCT scales to increase the sensitivity of the scale to discriminate ADHD clinical subtypes.Introducción: La escala Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) es una herramienta de cribado clínico para  infancia y adolescencia ampliamente utilizada internacionalmente en la clínica y en la investigación.  Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio es explorar la relación entre los diferentes índices de la escala SDQ y la puntuación en las dimensiones “Hiperactividad/Impulsividad” e “inatención” en una escala específica de TDAH. Método: Padres y profesores/as de una muestra de 212 niños/as de entre 6 y 16 años con un diagnóstico previo de TDAH, completaron las escalas SDQ y ADHD-RS-IV. Resultados: Se confirmó la relación significativa entre la dimensión “Hiperactividad” de la escala SDQ y ambas dimensiones del TDAH. Sin embargo, otros índices de la escala SDQ mostraron también relación con ambas dimensiones, diferenciando esta relación según el informador y la dimensión clínica. Para la familia, la “hiperactividad/impulsividad” estaba también relacionada con puntuaciones elevadas en el índice “Problemas de conducta”, mientras que la “inatención” lo estaba con “síntomas emocionales”. Conclusiones: Estos resultados sugieren la posibilidad de valorar las puntuaciones en otros índices de la escala SCT para aumentar la sensibilidad de la escala a los diferentes perfiles clínicos del TDAH

Iron oxide nanoparticles - in vivo/in vitro biomedical applications and in silico studies

The review presents a broad overview of the biomedical applications of surface functionalized iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) agents for sensitive and precise diagnosis tool and synergistic combination with other imaging modalities. Then, the recent progress in therapeutic applications, such as hyperthermia is discussed and the available toxicity data of magnetic nanoparticles concerning in vitro and in vivo biomedical applications are addressed. This review also presents the available computer models using molecular dynamics (MD), Monte Carlo (MC) and density functional theory (DFT), as a basis for a complete understanding of the behaviour and morphology of functionalized IONPs, for improving NPs surface design and expanding the potential applications in nanomedicine