11. Analyse des polluants dans l’eau

Plusieurs milliers de molécules organiques sont utilisées pour des applications diverses, industrielles ou de la vie courante. Ce sont autant de polluants qui peuvent se retrouver dans les compartiments aquatiques naturels et avoir un impact à court ou long termes sur les écosystèmes. Par ailleurs, comme ces ressources en eau sont utilisées pour produire l’eau potable et que certains polluants ne sont pas éliminés par les procédés de traitement, ils peuvent être présents dans les eaux distrib..

11. Analyse des polluants dans l’eau

Plusieurs milliers de molécules organiques sont utilisées pour des applications diverses, industrielles ou de la vie courante. Ce sont autant de polluants qui peuvent se retrouver dans les compartiments aquatiques naturels et avoir un impact à court ou long termes sur les écosystèmes. Par ailleurs, comme ces ressources en eau sont utilisées pour produire l’eau potable et que certains polluants ne sont pas éliminés par les procédés de traitement, ils peuvent être présents dans les eaux distrib..

Assessment of the Presence of Transformation Products of Certain Pharmaceutical Products (Psychotropic Family) by Suspect and Non-Targeted HRMS Screening in Wastewater Treatment Plants

Aquatic environments are the final receptors of human emissions and are therefore contaminated by molecules, such as pharmaceuticals. After use, these compounds and their metabolites are discharged to wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). During wastewater treatment, compounds may be eliminated or degraded into transformation products (TPs) or may be persistent. The aim of this study was to develop an analytical method based on high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) for the identification of six psychotropic drugs that are widely consumed in France and present in WWTPs, as well as their potential associated metabolites and TPs. Four out of six psychotropic drugs and between twenty-five and thirty-seven potential TPs were detected in wastewater, although this was based on full scan data. TPs not reported in the literature and specific to the study sites and therefore to the wastewater treatment processes were tentatively identified. For the selected drugs, most known and present TPs were identified, such as desmethylvenlafaxine or norcitalopram. Moreover, the short fragmentation study led rather to the identification of several TPs of carbamazepine as ubiquitous persistent TPs

Occurrence of pharmaceutical compounds and pesticides in aquatic systems

This paper deals with the detection and quantification of APIs and other priority substances in the Arade River estuary (Portugal) providing the usefulness of Polar Organic Compound Integrative Samplers (POCIS). Thirteen APIs were detected whose variation was site and time dependent. Caffeine was at the highest concentration (804±209 ng/L) followed by theophylline (184±44 ng/L). Other APIs were analgesic, anticonvulsant, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, anti-lipidemic, anxiolytic and antidepressants. Twenty pesticides comprising atrazine, diuron, isoproturon, terbutryn and simazine included in the Water Framework Directive priority list were also site and time dependent. Carbendazim occurred at the highest concentration (45±18 ng/L at site 1) but atrazine, diuron, isoproturon and simazine levels were below the Environmental Quality Standards. Although the summer impact was unclear, the results highlighted POCIS suitability for profiling these contaminants. This is to our knowledge the first study concerning APIs and pesticides in this area.This study was supported by the ‘‘Atlantic Area Operational Programme’’, through the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), Project PORTONOVO – Water Quality in Harbors (ref 2009-1/119).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

A nation-wide monitoring campaign of 53 contaminants of emergent concern in surface waters and sediments (EMNAT 2018): occurrence and PNEC exceedance evaluation

International audienc

Pesticide exposure of workers in apple growing in France

International audienceObjective Although apple trees are heavily sprayed, few studies have assessed the pesticide exposure of operators and workers in apple orchards. However, these data are crucial for assessing the health impact of such exposures. The aim of this study was to measure pesticide exposure in apple growing according to tasks and body parts. Methods A non-controlled field study was conducted in apple orchards in 4 regions of France during the 2016 and 2017 treatment seasons. Workers’ external contamination and their determinants were assessed over 156 working days corresponding to 30 treatment days, 68 re-entry days and 58 harvesting days. We measured pesticide dermal contamination during each task and made detailed observations of work characteristics throughout the day. Captan and dithianon were used as markers of exposure. Results The median dermal contamination per day was 5.50 mg of captan and 3.33 mg of dithianon for operators, 24.39 mg of captan and 1.84 mg of dithianon for re-entry workers, and 5.82 mg of captan and 0.74 mg of dithianon for harvesters. Thus, workers performing re-entry tasks, especially thinning and anti-hail net opening, presented higher contamination, either equal to or higher than in operators. For these last ones, mixing/loading and equipment cleaning were the most contaminating tasks. Most of the contamination was observed on workers’ hands in all tasks, except for net-opening in which their heads accounted for the most daily contamination. Conclusions This study highlights the importance of taking indirect exposures into account during re-entry work in apple growing

Nation-Wide Monitoring Campaign of 53 Contaminants of Emergent Concern in Surface Waters and Sediment (EMNAT 2018): Occurrence and PNEC Exceedance Evaluation

International audienceThe overall objective of the 2018 campaign to monitor substances of emerging concern in surface water (continental and coastal) and sediment, known as EMNAT 2018, is to provide the exercise of prioritization of emerging substances, which is being carried out in 2020, with monitoring data. This exercise should make it possible to update the list of relevant substances to be monitored (SPAS) as part of future WFD monitoring programmes, which will be implemented in the next water body management cycle (2022).This campaign, led by Ineris, collected nearly 14,000 data regarding 53 substances of emerging concern (36 biocides and 17 surfactants, selected by the Prioritization Experts Committee) in surface water and sediments on a total of 98 sites in metropolitan France and in the overseas departments and regions (DROM). Frequencies of quantification and concentration levels were determined and discussed. Warning indicators, calculated from PNEC (predicted no-effect concentrations), allowed to estimate the criticality of the risk of exceeding them (frequency and degree of PNEC exceedance).Regarding impregnation levels in the environment, with respect to surfactants, Linear Alkybenzene Sulfonic acids (LAS) were the most frequently quantified substances and at the highest median concentrations in water and sediment samples, in metropolitan France and in the DROM. Regarding biocides, fipronil was the most frequently quantified substance in water samples in metropolitan France and in the DROM, but at lower median concentrations than other biocides. Methyl nonyl ketone was the most frequently quantified substance and at higher median concentrations in sediment samples from metropolitan France and in the DROM.Based on the available PNECs, the highly critical substances with respect to exceeding the PNEC are:- LAS C11, C12 and C13 in mainland and the DROM water and sediment samples, - methyl nonyl ketone in mainland and the DROM sediment samples, - fipronil and methylisothiazolinone in mainland water samples, and - fipronil, octylisothiazolinone, methyl nonyl ketone and a triethanolamine based esterquat in mainland sediment samples

Photodegradation of novel oral anticoagulants under sunlight irradiation in aqueous matrices

Kinetics of photodegradation of novel oral anticoagulants dabigatran, rivaroxaban, and apixaban were studied under simulated solar light irradiation in purified, mineral, and river waters. Dabigatran and rivaroxaban underwent direct photolysis with polychromatic quantum yields of 2.2 x 10(-4) and 4.4 x 10(-2), respectively. The direct photodegradation of apixaban was not observed after 19 h of irradiation. Kinetics of degradation of rivaroxaban was not impacted by the nature of the aqueous matrix while photosensitization from nitrate ions was observed for dabigatran and apixaban dissolved in a mineral water. The photosensitized reactions were limited in the tested river water (Isle River, Perigueux, France) certainly due to the hydroxyl radical scavenging effect of the dissolved organic matter. The study of photoproduct structures allowed to identify two compounds for dabigatran. One of them is the 4-aminobenzamidine while the second one is a cyclization product. In the case of rivaroxaban, as studied by very high field NMR, only one photoproduct was observed i.e. a photoisomer. Finally, seven photoproducts were clearly identified from the degradation of apixaban under simulated solar light. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved