11 research outputs found

    Study of the surface water circulation in San Blas channel (Argentina) using landsat imagery

    Get PDF
    Este trabalho analisa a turbidez e a circulação da agua no canal San Blas durante um ciclo de maré teórico através de imagens satelitais. Foram utilizadas 8 imagens Landsat TM e ETM adquiridas em condições de céu claro e ao longo de diferentes momentos da maré. As imagens foram proporcionadas pela Comisión Nacional de Actividades Espaciales (CONAE) y pelo Serviço Geológico dos Estados Unidos (USGS). As correções geométricas e radiométricas foram realizadas nas bandas do espectro visível e do infravermelho próximo, utilizando técnicas padrões de processamento digital. Foi aplicada a correção atmosférica COST (CHAVEZ, 1996). Foi realizada uma classificação ISODATA não supervisionada para identificar diferentes níveis de turbidez al longo do canal e zonas adjacentes. Os resultados sugerem que o transporte de sedimento em suspensão para a boca do canal se da ao longo de ambos flancos, pela ação das correntes de refluxo. Estas correntes geram um delta de refluxo com uma tendência de rotação para a direção sul. As correntes de fluxo provocam turbidez principalmente sobre a costa sul do canal, gerando um delta de fluxo com bancos alargados na direção das correntes de maré. As plumas de turbidez permitiram identificar padrões gerais de circulação da maré.This paper deals with the application of satellite images to study turbidity and water circulation patterns in San Blas channel during a theoretical tidal cycle. Eight Landsat TM and ETM images acquired under clear-sky conditions and representing different tidal stages were selected from a pool of Landsat images provided by the argentinean National Commission of Space Activities (CONAE) and the US Geological Survey. Standard digital image processing techniques were used to perform geometric and radiometric corrections on the visible and near-infrared bands. An image-based atmospheric correction (COST method by CHAVEZ, 1996) was applied. An ISODATA unsupervised classification was performed in order to identify different turbidity levels throughout the channel and adjacent areas. The results suggest that suspended sediment transport towards the channel mouth by ebb currents occurs along both flanks. These currents carry suspended sediment into the open sea, generating an ebb tidal delta which tends to rotate in a clockwise direction. Flood currents trigger turbidity mostly over the southern flank of the channel, generating a flood tidal delta with elongated banks extending in the direction of the tidal currents. From the elongated shape of the turbidity plumes, general tidal circulation patterns were identified

    Census indicators as a tool for assessing social vulnerability to the fall of volcanic ash: the case of Villa La Angostura (Argentina) during the eruption of Cordón Caulle, 2011

    Get PDF
    La vulnerabilidad está definida por las condiciones socioeconómicas previas a la ocurrencia de un evento catastrófico. La erupción del Cordón Caulle iniciada en junio de 2011 trajo consecuencias a la región del Nahuel Huapi, principalmente Villa La Angostura, en actividades económicas, servicios básicos, transportes y comunicaciones, entre otras. El objetivo del trabajo es desarrollar una herramienta metodológica para evaluar la vulnerabilidad social frente a la caída de ceniza volcánica a partir de indicadores provistos por el Censo Nacional de Población, Hogares y Viviendas realizado en el año 2010, que muestra el escenario previo a dicha erupción, a la vez que facilita su replicabilidad a partir de datos disponibles a nivel nacional. Los indicadores fueron mapeados, analizados por radios censales y se cotejaron con información disponible sobre las medidas adoptadas durante la emergencia y se elaboró un mapa fi nal de vulnerabilidad. Se destacó la oportunidad y pertinencia que presentan los datos censales para anticipar sitios vulnerables, especialmente cuando se consideran las condiciones habitacionales, el abastecimiento de agua potable y los materiales e inclinación de los techos, así como también las mejoras realizadas luego de la emergencia, por ejemplo, en el sistema de abastecimiento y distribución del agua de red.Vulnerability is defined by the socioeconomic conditions prior to the occurrence of a catastrophic event. The eruption of Cordón Caulle in June 2011 brought consequences to the Nahuel Huapi region, mainly in Villa La Angostura. Economic activities, basic services, transport and communication systems, among others, were all affected by the ash fall. The objective of this paper is to develop a methodological tool to assess the social vulnerability to the fall of volcanic ash from the indicators provided by the 2010 National Household and Housing Population Census which shows the scenario prior to the eruption. At the same time, it facilitates its replicability based on data available at the national level. The indicators were mapped, analyzed by census radios and collated with available information on the measures adopted during the emergency so that a final vulnerability map was drawn up. The opportunity and relevance of census data to anticipate vulnerable sites was highlighted especially when considering the housing conditions, drinking water supply system and the materials and roofâ s slope, as well as the improvements made after the emergency (e.g. drinking water supply and distribution systems).Centro de Investigaciones Geográfica

    Census indicators as a tool for assessing social vulnerability to the fall of volcanic ash: the case of Villa La Angostura (Argentina) during the eruption of Cordón Caulle, 2011

    Get PDF
    La vulnerabilidad está definida por las condiciones socioeconómicas previas a la ocurrencia de un evento catastrófico. La erupción del Cordón Caulle iniciada en junio de 2011 trajo consecuencias a la región del Nahuel Huapi, principalmente Villa La Angostura, en actividades económicas, servicios básicos, transportes y comunicaciones, entre otras. El objetivo del trabajo es desarrollar una herramienta metodológica para evaluar la vulnerabilidad social frente a la caída de ceniza volcánica a partir de indicadores provistos por el Censo Nacional de Población, Hogares y Viviendas realizado en el año 2010, que muestra el escenario previo a dicha erupción, a la vez que facilita su replicabilidad a partir de datos disponibles a nivel nacional. Los indicadores fueron mapeados, analizados por radios censales y se cotejaron con información disponible sobre las medidas adoptadas durante la emergencia y se elaboró un mapa fi nal de vulnerabilidad. Se destacó la oportunidad y pertinencia que presentan los datos censales para anticipar sitios vulnerables, especialmente cuando se consideran las condiciones habitacionales, el abastecimiento de agua potable y los materiales e inclinación de los techos, así como también las mejoras realizadas luego de la emergencia, por ejemplo, en el sistema de abastecimiento y distribución del agua de red.Vulnerability is defined by the socioeconomic conditions prior to the occurrence of a catastrophic event. The eruption of Cordón Caulle in June 2011 brought consequences to the Nahuel Huapi region, mainly in Villa La Angostura. Economic activities, basic services, transport and communication systems, among others, were all affected by the ash fall. The objective of this paper is to develop a methodological tool to assess the social vulnerability to the fall of volcanic ash from the indicators provided by the 2010 National Household and Housing Population Census which shows the scenario prior to the eruption. At the same time, it facilitates its replicability based on data available at the national level. The indicators were mapped, analyzed by census radios and collated with available information on the measures adopted during the emergency so that a final vulnerability map was drawn up. The opportunity and relevance of census data to anticipate vulnerable sites was highlighted especially when considering the housing conditions, drinking water supply system and the materials and roofâ s slope, as well as the improvements made after the emergency (e.g. drinking water supply and distribution systems).Centro de Investigaciones Geográfica

    RECENT DISTURBANCE EVENTS RECORDED IN THE SEDIMENTARY INFILL OF LAGO GUILLELMO (ARGENTINA): TEPHRA FALLS AND HYDROGEOMORPHIC PROCESSES

    Get PDF
    In this work we focus on two natural disturbances that affect the Parque Nacional Nahuel Huapi area: Tephra fall events from Andean volcanoes and hydrogeomorphic processes within catchments related to heavy rains. In order to look for evidence of these disturbance events in the lacustrine sedimentary record, we perform a multi-approach analysis in La Cantera stream watershed, including the subaqueous environment of the distal prodelta area, northwest portion of Lago Guillelmo (Northern Patagonia). We carried out a surface analysis, describing the main morphometric features of the selected watershed, informally called La Cantera stream watershed, and we also analyzed satellite and historical images, looking for evidence of processes related to these disturbance events in the watershed and morphological changes in the distal zone and in the alluvial fan generated over the delta. The subaqueous environment was analyzed by means of expeditive bathymetries, lacustrine cores and Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) profiles, taken in the distal deltaic environment of the watershed. In the sedimentary record of the lake we identified 10 tephra layers attributed to Cordón Caulle, Calbuco and Osorno Volcanoes for the last 200 years. These were chronologically correlated with previous documented eruptions of these volcanic centers, by means of vitroclast morphology, mineral association and stratigraphic position. Also we identified 10 layers corresponding to sediments with terrigenous components and terrestrial organic matter, interpreted as hyperpycnites. We attribute two hyperpycnite deposits to a debris flow that occurred in the area in February, 2015, based on the magnitude of that event that caused several damages and road cuts and the stratigraphic position of these deposits in the cores. After the correlation between the GPR radargrams with the lacustrine cores we associate one major reflector with a (1) tephra layer and (2) lobe-shaped morphologies, interpreted as a hyperpycnite deposit, located in front of the mouth of an abandoned river course. The anthropic activity in the region associated with the construction of the Ruta Nacional 40 and the gravel mining after 1969, affected the drainage of La Cantera watershed, hindering the possibility that the different types of flows could plunge into the lake. This work also shows the importance of the integration between the processes that occur throughout a basin with the underwater processes that take place in the deltaic environment, to understand the extension and characteristics of the disturbances studied

    Temperature trends in a tide flat at Bahía Blanca estuary (2000-2007)

    Get PDF
    Se analizó la tendencia y comportamiento de la temperatura en una planicie de marea del estuario de Bahía Blanca (Argentina) para el período 2000-2007. Mediante termistores se registró la temperatura del aire, agua y sedimento cada 10 minutos. Se observó una tendencia de aumento en las temperaturas mínimas, con valores de 0,8ºC/año en la temperatura mínima (absoluta) invernal del agua y 0,7ºC/año en la temperatura mínima (media) de primavera del aire. Las máximas medias estivales del aire y del sedimento mostraron una tendencia negativa, con un descenso de 0,5ºC/año. El análisis espectral de las temperaturas en el estuario presentó evidencias de periodicidad interanual (2 – 6 años) en el aire, agua y sedimento, mostrando un patrón de variabilidad estrechamente relacionado con las periodicidades típicas del fenómeno ENOS (2 – 7 años). El análisis de correlación entre las anomalías térmicas y el IOS indicó que las temperaturas del aire, agua y sedimento en el estuario son sustancialmente influenciadas por el forzamiento remoto. La ocurrencia de eventos El Niño coincidió con temperaturas del aire y del agua superiores a los valores medios en el estuario, y viceversa durante los eventos La Niña.Temperature trends in a tidal flat of the Bahía Blanca estuary (Argentina) were analyzed during the period 2000 – 2007. Air, water and sediment temperatures were recorded every 10 minutes by a thermistor chain. Minimum temperatures showed an increasing trend, reaching 0,8ºC/year (absolute minimum water temperature in winter) and 0,7ºC/year (average minimum air temperature in spring). Average maximum summer temperatures at the air and sediment showed a negative trend of -0.5ºC/year. Spectral analysis of the estuarine temperatures evidenced an interannual periodicity (2 – 6 year) at the air, water and sediment, showing a variability pattern associated to the typical periodicities of the ENSO (2 – 7 years). Correlation analysis among thermal anomalies and SOI suggested that air, water and sediment temperatures in the estuary are substantially influenced by remote forcing. The occurrence of El Niño events was coincident with higher than average air and water temperatures and vice versa during La Niña events.Este trabajo corresponde a proyectos financiados por el Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) (PIP 2158) y la Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica (ANPCYT) (PICT 07-12421)

    Análisis de deslizamientos subacuáticos en deltas lacustres (lago Nahuel Huapi, Argentina) a partir de batimetrías de alta resolución

    No full text
    The cities located along the coasts of the North-Patagonian Andean lakes are exposed to regional seismic and volcanic activities and associated tsunamigenic events developed in the lacustrine basins. Extraordinary waves, such as the 1960 tsunami in Nahuel Huapi lake that hit the coasts of the city of Bariloche, may be induced by subaequeous or subaerial landslides triggered during a strong earthquake (Villarosa et al., 2009). This article focusses on the study of mass-wasting processes that occur in the submerged portion of lacustrine deltas located at the coasts of Bariloche and Dina Huapi cities. The results presented here are an input for future hazard evaluation studies. The subaequeous morphology was surveyed using a Phase Measuring Bathymetric Sonar System. Digital Elevation Models and DEMderived maps were performed in ArcGIS. Bathymetric data show characteristic features of Gilbert-type deltas: steep delta fronts where sediments are mobilized by gravitational processes (landslides, debris flows and/or turbidity currents). Numerous landslides found in the delta fronts (~10-m high headscarps with a maximum length of ~200 m, and lateral scarps that exceed a length of 600 m) indicate that mass-wasting phenomena involving large volumes of sediment periodically develop in these environments. These events are potential generators of waves in the water surface. The proximity among these deltas and the coastal cities implies that an event of this kind triggered by a strong regional earthquake could affect their vulnerable coasts.Las localidades asentadas en las costas de los grandes lagos de Norpatagonia Andina están expuestas a frecuente actividad sísmica y volcánica regional y a fenómenos tsunamigénicos asociados. Olas extraordinarias como el tsunami de 1960 en el lago Nahuel Huapi, que afectó las costas de la ciudad de Bariloche, pueden ser inducidas por deslizamientos subaéreos o subacuáticos desencadenados durante un sismo de magnitud (Villarosa et al., 2009). Este trabajo aborda el estudio de los procesos de remoción en masa que se desarrollan en la porción sumergida de deltas lacustres ubicados en las costas de las localidades de Bariloche y Dina Huapi, con el fin de aportar información relevante que sirva de base a futuras evaluaciones de peligrosidad en estas costas. Se registró la morfología subacuática mediante un Sonar Batimétrico por Medición de Fase y se confeccionaron Modelos Digitales de Elevación y mapas derivados utilizando ArcGIS. Los resultados indican que se trata de deltas tipo Gilbert: frentes deltaicos de pendientes pronunciadas donde el sustrato se moviliza mediante procesos gravitacionales (deslizamientos, flujos de detritos y/o corrientes de turbidez). La abundancia y magnitud de los deslizamientos (con escarpas de cabecera de unos 10 m de altura y hasta 200 m de longitud y escarpas laterales que se extienden hasta el límite del área estudiada, superando los 600 m de longitud) indican que periódicamente se desarrollan fenómenos de remoción que involucran grandes volúmenes de sedimento. Estos eventos son potenciales generadores de ondas en la superficie del lago. La cercanía entre estos ambientes y las localidades costeras implica que un evento de este tipo desencadenado por un terremoto de magnitud considerable en la región podría afectar a las costas más vulnerables

    HISTORIAS DE DESLIZAMIENTOS Y ERUPCIONES: TSUNAMIS EN EL LAGO NAHUEL HUAPI

    No full text
    El 22 de mayo de 1960 un tsunami golpeó las costas de San Carlos de Bariloche. El antiguo muelle del Puerto San Carlos, que se hallaba en reconstrucción luego del incendio de 1958, colapsó durante dicho evento. ¿Cuáles fueron los mecanismos que generaron esta ola? ¿Se puede relacionar su origen con el gran sismo de Valdivia ocurrido simultáneamente? ¿Puede volver a ocurrir un evento como éste en el lago Nahuel Huapi, o en otro lago de la región? El Grupo de Estudios Ambientales del Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente e investigadores del Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía estudian los sedimentos y la topografía del lecho del lago Nahuel Huapi con el objeto de comprender cómo se generan estos eventos lacustres y evaluar la peligrosidad que representan para las poblaciones costeras

    Capítulo 3. Las múltiples dimensiones del fenómeno volcánico en la Patagonia Norte: aportes científicos interdisciplinarios del Grupo gea para el estudio de la erupción del Cordón Caulle

    No full text
    A la memoria de Eduardo Alberto Gómez,amante del agua, a cuyos secretos dedicó su vida3. 1. IntroducciónA diferencia de los sismos, las erupciones volcánicas comprenden una gran variedad de procesos que tienen efectos diversos, dependiendo de la naturaleza de la erupción, de las condiciones atmosféricas y de la distancia al volcán. Las erupciones explosivas de los volcanes patagónicos inyectan materiales piroclásticos en capas altas de la atmósfera que son transportados hacia el territorio a..
    corecore