136 research outputs found
The MMM Initiative
Weâve determined that information collected and distributed by and on news and social media outlets has manifested in political biases of its users. It is clear that this issue has subsequently led to political polarization and ethnic prejudice. To combat this problem, we have devised an online informational package and an interactive experience to teach people how to use it. Our website provides the resources to check personal biases and recognize ethnic prejudices. The seminar encourages people to apply and spread their newfound knowledge. We conducted interviews with experts, surveys, and an extensive literature review. Through our research and feedback from over 40 partners, we have found that access to social media literacy education is virtually non-existent â hence the need for a comprehensive, easily digestible informational package. It\u27s not enough to create a package, we also need people to see it. Our interviews with experts tell us that the best way to engage students is through interactive experiences. Therefore, we supplemented these educational tools with an experience that consists of a community group and the extensive use of partners to promote our package to their respective networks. Our resources use text, visuals, videos, conversation, and other interactive elements to educate users on how the use of media can exacerbate ethnic prejudices. To measure the attitude change of our viewers, we created a set of surveys concerning media usage and its relationship with bias. We also tracked the attendance of the seminar so that we could understand how widespread our message is. Hundreds of people have accessed our website with an accumulation of over 2,000 views. We expect this to continue growing exponentially as word of its existence continues to spread. Our project has a global reach with at least 15 countries and 25 states reached
Kinetics of calcite precipitation by ureolytic bacteria under aerobic and anaerobic conditions
Examining LongâTerm Effects Of An Infant Mental Health HomeâBased Early Head Start Program On Family Strengths And Resilience
Infant Mental Health based interventions aim to promote the healthy development of infants and toddlers through promoting healthy family functioning to foster supportive relationships between the young child and his or her important caregivers. This study examined impacts of an Infant Mental Health homeâbased Early Head Start (IMHâHB EHS) program on family functioning. The sample includes 152 lowâincome families in the Midwestern United States, expectant or parenting a child younger than 1 year of age, who were randomly assigned to receive IMHâHB EHS services (n = 75) or to a comparison condition (n = 77). Mothers who received IMHâHB EHS services reported healthier psychological and family functioning, outcomes that are consistent with the IMH focus, when their children were between the ages of 3 and 7 years of age. Specifically, mothers in the IMHâHB EHS group reported healthier family functioning and relationships, better coping skills needed to advocate for their families, and less stress in the parenting role versus those in the comparison condition. The study also examined support seeking coping, some of which changed differently over time based on program group assignment. Overall, findings suggest that the gains families achieve from participating in IMHâHB EHS services are maintained after services cease.RESUMENLa meta de las intervenciones con base en la salud mental infantil es promover el desarrollo sano de infantes y bebĂ©s por medio de promover un funcionamiento familiar sano para adoptar relaciones de apoyo entre el pequeño niño y sus importantes cuidadores. Este estudio examinĂł el impacto que sobre el funcionamiento familiar tiene un programa âEarly Head Startâ de salud mental infantil con base en casa (IMHâHB EHS). El grupo muestra lo componen 152 familias de bajos recursos del Medio Oeste de Estados Unidos, en espera de o ya criando a un niño menor de un año de edad, que fueron asignadas al azar para recibir los servicios de IMHâHB EHS (n=75) o a una condiciĂłn comparativa (n=77). Las madres que recibieron los servicios de IMHâHB EHS reportaron un funcionamiento sicolĂłgico y familiar mĂĄs saludable, resultados que son consistentes con el enfoque de IMH, cuando sus niños tenĂan entre 3 y 7 años de edad. EspecĂficamente, las madres en el grupo IMHâHB EHS reportaron un funcionamiento y relaciones familiares mĂĄs saludables, mejores habilidades para arreglĂĄrselas que eran necesarias para abogar por sus familias, asĂ como menos estrĂ©s en el papel de crianza al ser comparadas con aquellas madres en la condiciĂłn comparativa. El estudio tambiĂ©n examinĂł la manera de arreglĂĄrselas buscando apoyo, algunas de las cuales cambiaron diferentemente a travĂ©s del tiempo con base en las asignaciones de grupo del programa. En general, los resultados sugieren que los aspectos positivos que las familias alcanzan como resultado de participar en los servicios de IMHâHB EHS se mantienen despuĂ©s que los servicios terminan.RĂSUMĂLes interventions fondĂ©es sur la santĂ© mentale ont pour but de promouvoir le dĂ©veloppement sain des nourrissons et des jeunes enfants en promouvant le fonctionnement saind'une famille afin de favoriser des relations de soutien entre le jeune enfant et ceux qui s'occupent d'elle ou de lui. Cette Ă©tude a examinĂ© les impacts d'un programme amĂ©ricain de Early Head Start focalisĂ© sur la santĂ© mentale du nourrisson (abrĂ©gĂ© IMHâHB EHS) sur le fonctionnement de la famille. LâĂ©chantillon a compris 152 familles de milieu dĂ©favorisĂ© de la rĂ©gion centre des EtatsâUnis, attendant un enfant ou s'occupant d'un enfant de moins d'un an, a qui on a assignĂ© au hasard les services IMHâHB EHS (n=75) ou une condition de comparaison (n=77). Les mĂšres ayant reçu les services IMHâHB EHS ont fait Ă©tat d'un meilleur fonctionnement psychologique et familial, des rĂ©sultats qui correspondent Ă l'objectif de santĂ© mentale du nourrisson, lorsque leurs enfants avaient entre 3 et 7 ans. Plus spĂ©cifiquement, les mĂšres du groupe IMHâHB EHS ont fait Ă©tat d'un meilleur fonctionnement familial et de meilleurs relations familiales, de meilleures capacitĂ©s Ă s'adapter nĂ©cessaires afin de se porter les avocates de leurs familles, et de moins de stress de parentage comparĂ© Ă celles du groupe de comparaison. LâĂ©tude a aussi examinĂ© l'adaptation liĂ©e Ă la quĂȘte de soutien, qui a en partie changĂ© diffĂ©remment au fil du temps, en fonction du groupe de placement. Au bout du compte les rĂ©sultats suggĂšrent que les gains obtenus par les familles comme rĂ©sultat de la participation aux services du IMHâHB EHS se maintiennent aprĂšs que les services cessent.ZUSAMMENFASSUNGInterventionen, die auf der mentalen Gesundheit von SĂ€uglingen basieren, zielen darauf ab, die gesunde Entwicklung von SĂ€uglingen und Kleinkindern zu verbessern, indem ein gesundes familiĂ€res Funktionieren gefördert wird, um unterstĂŒtzende Beziehungen zwischen dem Kleinkind und ihren/seinen wichtigsten Bezugspersonen zu begĂŒnstigen. Diese Studie untersuchte die Effekte eines Early Head StartâHausbesuchsâProgramms (IMHâHB EHS) auf das familiĂ€re Funktionieren. Die Stichprobe umfasst 152 Familien mit niedrigem Einkommen aus dem Mittleren Westen der USA. Es handelt sich bei der Stichprobe um werdende Eltern oder Eltern mit einem Kind unter einem Jahr, die randomisiert einer Dienstleistung zugewiesen wurden: zum IMHâHB EHSâProgramm (n = 75) oder zu einer Vergleichsbedingung (n = 77). MĂŒtter, die das IMHâHB EHSâProgramm erhielten, berichteten von gesĂŒnderem psychologischem und familiĂ€rem Funktionieren, wenn ihre Kinder im Alter zwischen 3 und 7 Jahren waren. Dies sind Ergebnisse, die mit dem IMH Fokus ĂŒbereinstimmen. Im Speziellen berichteten MĂŒtter, die in der IMHâHB EHSâGruppe waren, von gesĂŒnderem familiĂ€ren Funktionieren und familiĂ€ren Beziehungen, besseren BewĂ€ltigungsstrategien, um fĂŒr ihre Familien einzustehen und von weniger Stress in der Elternrolle verglichen mit den MĂŒttern der Vergleichsbedingung. Die Studie untersuchte auch unterstĂŒtzungssuchende BewĂ€ltigungsstrategien, von denen sich einige basierend auf der Gruppenzugehörigkeit im Laufe der Zeit in unterschiedlicher Weise verĂ€nderten. Insgesamt deuten die Ergebnisse darauf hin, dass die Gewinne, die die Familien infolge der Teilnahme am IMHâHB EHSâProgramm erzielten, nach Ende des Programms aufrechterhalten werden.æéČäčłćčŒć
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ćżçć„ćș·ćź¶èšȘæ©ææ¶æ„èšç« (IMHâHBâEHS) ć°ćź¶ćșéäœçćœ±éżăæšŁæŹć
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„æŻç柶ćșăéäș柶ćșæŁćŸ
çąæćšé€èČäžćć°æŒäžæČçć°ć©ăćè柶ćșèą«éšæ©ć掟ć°æ„ćIMHâHBâEHSæć (n=75) æäžćæŻèŒç°ćą (n=77)ăææ„ćIMHâHBâEHSæćçæŻèŠȘć ±ććšć©ć
äžèłäžæČéæèŒć„ćș·çćżçć柶ćșéäœ, éç”æèIMHççŠé»çžéćăć
·é«äŸèȘȘ, ćšIMHâHBâEHSç”çæŻèŠȘèŒćšæŻèŒç°ćąç”çæŻèŠȘć ±ćæć„ćș·äșç柶ćșéäœćéäż, æć„œäșçć ææć·§çș柶ćșäœéŒćč, ććšèŠȘè·è§èČäžæć°äșćŁćăæŹæäșŠæąèšć°æ±æŻæçć æ, çŒçŸéææ čæç”ć„ć掟èæäžćçéšæéæčèźăçžœé«èèš, æąèšç”æ饯ç€ș柶ćșćŸćèIMHâHBâEHSæćæćŸçæ¶çćšæććæąćŸä»æç¶æăPeer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/112230/1/imhj21518.pd
Consumption and perceived use of licit and illicit drugs among university students, Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia
O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a diferença entre o consumo percebido entre os pares e o consumo real das drogas que fazem os estudantes universitĂĄrios do segundo e terceiro ano, entre 18 e 24 anos de idade, em uma universidade pĂșblica na cidade de MedellĂn, ColĂŽmbia. Este Ă© um estudo descritivo transversal, baseado em censo. Todos os alunos do segundo e terceiro ano das faculdades de medicina, odontologia, enfermagem e saĂșde pĂșblica foram convidados a responder, anonimamente, um questionĂĄrio. Participaram 427 estudantes. Quanto aos resultados foi observada superestimação do consumo de tabaco, maconha e cocaĂna nos Ășltimos doze meses. O consumo de ĂĄlcool foi percebido com precisĂŁo. Os alunos que consumiram no perĂodo mencionado, superestimam mais do que aqueles que nĂŁo o fizeram, como as mulheres sobreestimam mais do que os homens o consumo de maconha.El propĂłsito de este estudio fue estimar la diferencia entre el consumo percibido en los pares y el uso real de drogas que tienen los estudiantes universitarios de segundo y tercer año, entre 18 y 24 años de edad, de una universidad pĂșblica en la ciudad de MedellĂn, Colombia. Se trata de un estudio descriptivo transversal basado en una encuesta. Todos los estudiantes de segundo y tercer año de las facultades de Medicina, OdontologĂa, EnfermerĂa y Salud Publica fueron invitados a responder un cuestionario anĂłnimo. Participaron 427 estudiantes. Se encontrĂł una sobreestimacion del consumo de tabaco, marihuana y cocaina en los ultimos doce meses. El consumo de alcohol es percibido de manera exacta. Los estudiantes que consumieron drogas, en el periodo mencionado, sobreestiman mĂĄs que los que no lo hicieron; tambiĂ©n se encontrĂł que las mujeres sobreestiman mĂĄs que los hombres el consumo de marihuana.The purpose of this study was to estimate differences between perceived and reported drug use among sophomore and junior university students, aged 18 to 24 years, from a public university in Medellin, Colombia. Method: this is a descriptive and cross-sectional study. All second- and third-year students at the Schools of Medicine, Dentistry, Nursing and Public Health were invited to answer an anonymous questionnaire. In total, 427 students participated. RESULTS: data suggest that students overestimate the use of tobacco, marijuana and cocaine over the last 12 months. Alcohol use was perceived accurately. Students who reported using those substances during that period overestimated their peers' drug use more than those who did not. Furthermore, more women than men overestimated marijuana use
Fine-mapping of the HNF1B multicancer locus identifies candidate variants that mediate endometrial cancer risk.
Common variants in the hepatocyte nuclear factor 1 homeobox B (HNF1B) gene are associated with the risk of Type II diabetes and multiple cancers. Evidence to date indicates that cancer risk may be mediated via genetic or epigenetic effects on HNF1B gene expression. We previously found single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at the HNF1B locus to be associated with endometrial cancer, and now report extensive fine-mapping and in silico and laboratory analyses of this locus. Analysis of 1184 genotyped and imputed SNPs in 6608 Caucasian cases and 37 925 controls, and 895 Asian cases and 1968 controls, revealed the best signal of association for SNP rs11263763 (P = 8.4 Ă 10(-14), odds ratio = 0.86, 95% confidence interval = 0.82-0.89), located within HNF1B intron 1. Haplotype analysis and conditional analyses provide no evidence of further independent endometrial cancer risk variants at this locus. SNP rs11263763 genotype was associated with HNF1B mRNA expression but not with HNF1B methylation in endometrial tumor samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas. Genetic analyses prioritized rs11263763 and four other SNPs in high-to-moderate linkage disequilibrium as the most likely causal SNPs. Three of these SNPs map to the extended HNF1B promoter based on chromatin marks extending from the minimal promoter region. Reporter assays demonstrated that this extended region reduces activity in combination with the minimal HNF1B promoter, and that the minor alleles of rs11263763 or rs8064454 are associated with decreased HNF1B promoter activity. Our findings provide evidence for a single signal associated with endometrial cancer risk at the HNF1B locus, and that risk is likely mediated via altered HNF1B gene expression
Optimization of percutaneous biopsy for diagnosis and pretreatment risk assessment of neuroblastoma
BackgroundImage- guided percutaneous core needle biopsy (PCNB) is increasingly utilized to diagnose solid tumors. The objective of this study is to determine whether PCNB is adequate for modern biologic characterization of neuroblastoma.ProcedureA multi- institutional retrospective study was performed by the Pediatric Surgical Oncology Research Collaborative on children with neuroblastoma at 12 institutions over a 3- year period. Data collected included demographics, clinical details, biopsy technique, complications, and adequacy of biopsies for cytogenetic markers utilized by the Childrenâs Oncology Group for risk stratification.ResultsA total of 243 children were identified with a diagnosis of neuroblastoma: 79 (32.5%) tumor excision at diagnosis, 94 (38.7%) open incisional biopsy (IB), and 70 (28.8%) PCNB. Compared to IB, there was no significant difference in ability to accurately obtain a primary diagnosis by PCNB (95.7%ĂÂ vs 98.9%, PĂÂ =ĂÂ .314) or determine MYCN copy number (92.4%ĂÂ vs 97.8%, PĂÂ =ĂÂ .111). The yield for loss of heterozygosity and tumor ploidy was lower with PCNB versus IB (56.1%ĂÂ vs 90.9%, PĂÂ <ĂÂ .05; and 58.0%ĂÂ vs. 88.5%, PĂÂ <ĂÂ .05). Complications did not differ between groups (2.9 % vs 3.3%, PĂÂ =ĂÂ 1.000), though the PCNB group had fewer blood transfusions and lower opioid usage. Efficacy of PCNB was improved for loss of heterozygosity when a pediatric pathologist evaluated the fresh specimen for adequacy.ConclusionsPCNB is a less invasive alternative to open biopsy for primary diagnosis and MYCN oncogene status in patients with neuroblastoma. Our data suggest that PCNB could be optimized for complete genetic analysis by standardized protocols and real- time pathology assessment of specimen quality.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/154667/1/pbc28153_am.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/154667/2/pbc28153.pd
Interventions to prevent youth violence in Latin America: a systematic review
Objectives: This review aims to summarise evidence on the effectiveness of interventions to prevent youth violence in Latin America. Methods: A systematic search on 13 academic databases was conducted to locate studies evaluating a primary or secondary prevention intervention in Latin America. Studies could use any type of quantitative design to assess outcomes related to youth violence. A search of websites, references and citation searching was also carried out. The quality of each study was assessed. Results: Nine studies were identified. Most documented positive effects of the interventions on the perception of youth violence present in the community/school. Evidence was found of a reduction in homicides and juvenile crimes in three studies, two of which evaluated a community-based intervention. There were mixed results for the self-report of participation on violent acts. The majority of the studies lacked of a rigorous design. Conclusions: Most of the interventions had some promising results, including the reduction of homicides within communities. Community-based programmes were the most consistent regarding an effectiveness to prevent violence. However, the evidence for Latin America is still scarce and relies on non-rigorously designed studies
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