Registro de espécies de macrofungos em fragmento de Floresta Amazônica no estado do Maranhão, Brasil / Record of species of macrofungi in fragment of Amazon Forest in the state of Maranhão, Brazil

Os macrofungos, incluídos dentro dos filos Ascomycota e Basidiomycota, são definidos como fungos que possuem estruturas reprodutoras macroscópicas, apresentando-se em carpóforos, cogumelos ou esporocarpos. Embora se note extrema diversidade e distribuição do grupo dos fungos em distintos níveis taxonômicos, as espécies de macrofungos descritas correspondem apenas a 10% do número estimado. Com isso, objetivou-se registrar espécies de macrofungos presentes em área de Floresta Amazônica na Reserva Extrativista Ciriaco em Cidelândia, Maranhão, Brasil. Uma lista de espécies é apresentada, bem como notas de distribuição e ilustração das espécies são amostradas. Foram realizadas expedições no presente local de estudo para o registro dos táxons, posteriormente procedimentos de herborização e identificação dos exemplares, conforme literaturas específicas. Dessa forma, foi possível obter o registro de um total de 13 novas ocorrências de macrofungos para o estado do Maranhão,  sendo 2 espécies (Daldinia concentrica e Cookeina tricholoma) pertencentes a Ascomycota, e 11 espécies (Auricularia delicata, Clavaria cf. zollingeri, Dacryopinax spathularia, Hygrocybe miniata, Leucocoprinus birnbaumii, Marasmius haematocephalus, Phallus indusiatus, Psilocybe cubensis, Ramariopsis kunzei, Schizophyllum cf. umbrinum e Trichaptum cf. abietinum) pertencentes a Basidiomycota. Destaca-se ainda, dentre estas, Schizophyllum cf. umbrinum, como primeira citação para o Brasil. Contudo, o presente estudo representa uma contribuição ímpar sobre a macromicota no estado do Maranhão, ampliando o conhecimento acerca desse grupo tão diverso, mas com escassez de estudos dentro do Estado

POLUIÇÃO SONORA EM CRIANÇAS E ADOLESCENTES COM TRANSTORNO DO ESPECTRO AUTISTA

The World Health Organization (WHO) determines that the tolerable sound limit for humans is 65 decibels. Above that, it is considered noise pollution. Urban noises are invisible pollutants, they affect the health of men and animals, and can cause psychological and material impairments that alter the body's metabolism. In individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), noises can cause adverse and untimely reactions. This work aims to verify the influence of noise pollution on children and adolescents diagnosed with ASD, aged 0 to 19 years, living in the Metropolitan Region of Recife (RMR), Pernambuco, Brazil, through reports from family members. Data analysis was descriptive with qualitative and quantitative variables, based on bibliographical research. A questionnaire containing 33 questions was applied to 149 people responsible for children and adolescents with ASD. The result showed that 67.7% of them lived in noisy neighborhoods; 66.4% were sensitive to urban noise and 47.6% survived on just 1 minimum wage. Only 36% of family members reported noise pollution. The main noises highlighted were household appliances, fireworks and construction respectively.A Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) determina que o limite tolerável de som para o ser humano é 65 decibéis. Acima disso, é considerado poluição sonora. Os ruídos urbanos são poluentes invisíveis, afetam a saúde dos homens e animais, podendo causar comprometimentos psicológicos e materiais que alteram o metabolismo do corpo. Em indivíduos com Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA), os ruídos podem causar reações adversas e intempestivas. Este trabalho tem como objetivo verificar a influência da poluição sonora em crianças e adolescentes diagnosticadas com TEA, na faixa etária de 0 a 19 anos, residentes na Região Metropolitana do Recife (RMR), Pernambuco, Brasil, através de relatos de familiares. A análise dos dados foi descritiva com variáveis qualitativas e quantitativas, fundamentada no levantamento bibliográfico. Foi aplicado questionário contendo 33 questões com 149 responsáveis por crianças e adolescentes com TEA. O resultado demonstrou que 67,7% delas residiam em bairros barulhentos; 66,4 % possuíam sensibilidade a ruídos urbanos e 47,6% sobreviviam com apenas 1 salário-mínimo. Apenas 36% dos familiares realizaram denúncias de poluição sonora. Os principais ruídos apontados foram respectivamente os eletrodomésticos, fogos de artifícios e construção civil. &nbsp

ESTUDO DA PRODUÇÃO DE LARANJA: DETECÇÃO DE CARACTERÍSTICAS REGIONAIS COM MODELOS DE SHIFT-SHARE E DERIVADA NA REGIÃO NORTE

ABSTRACT: The Orange (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck) is one of the main crops of interest for Brazil, since this one holds great part of the world production, the North region has as largest producer the state of Pará that is responsible for 2% of the national production and the main municipality responsible for this production is Capitão Poço. Based on this, the objective of this study was to evaluate the development of different sectors linked to orange production, comparing it with the national production through the shift-share analysis to evaluate the development in the years of 1990-2014 and then applied the mathematical model derived with the objective of analyzing non-comparative numbers in order to base the analysis. After all the process we can infer the instability in the production of orange and that the low technological level directly influences the production, because it makes it occupy more areas and does not increase the production.KEYWORDS: Citrus sinensis, economy, production.RESUMEN: La naranja (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck) es una de las principales culturas de interés para Brasil, pues este detiene gran parte de la producción mundial, la región Norte tiene como mayor productor el estado de Pará que es responsable del 2% de la producción nacional y el principal municipio responsable de esa producción es el Capitán Pozo. Con base en esto el estudio tuvo por objetivo evaluar el desarrollo de diferentes sectores ligados a la producción de naranja haciendo un comparativo con la producción nacional a través del análisis shift-share para evaluar el desarrollo en los años 1990-2004 y luego fue aplicado el modelo matemático derivada con el objetivo de analizar números no comparativos con el objetivo de basar el análisis. Después de todo el proceso podemos inferir la inestabilidad en la producción de naranja y que el bajo nivel tecnológico influye directamente en la producción, pues hace que se ocupe más áreas y no aumente la producción.PALABRAS CLAVE: Citrus sinensis, economia, produção.RESUMO: A laranja (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck) é uma das principais culturas de interesse para o Brasil, pois este detém grande parte da produção mundial, a região Norte tem como maior produtor o estado do Pará que é responsável por 2% da produção nacional e o principal município responsável por essa produção é Capitão Poço. Com base nisto o estudo teve por objetivo avaliar o desenvolvimento de diferentes setores ligados a produção de laranja fazendo um comparativo com a produção nacional através da análise shift-share para avaliar o desenvolvimento nos anos de 1990-2014 e em seguida foi aplicado o modelo matemático derivada com o objetivo de analisar números não comparativos com o objetivo de embasar a análise. Após todo o processo podemos inferir a instabilidade na produção de laranja e que o baixo nível tecnológico influencia diretamente na produção, pois faz com que se ocupe mais áreas e não aumenta a produção.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Citrus sinensis, economia, produção

Genome of the Avirulent Human-Infective Trypanosome—Trypanosoma rangeli

Background: Trypanosoma rangeli is a hemoflagellate protozoan parasite infecting humans and other wild and domestic mammals across Central and South America. It does not cause human disease, but it can be mistaken for the etiologic agent of Chagas disease, Trypanosoma cruzi. We have sequenced the T. rangeli genome to provide new tools for elucidating the distinct and intriguing biology of this species and the key pathways related to interaction with its arthropod and mammalian hosts.  Methodology/Principal Findings: The T. rangeli haploid genome is ,24 Mb in length, and is the smallest and least repetitive trypanosomatid genome sequenced thus far. This parasite genome has shorter subtelomeric sequences compared to those of T. cruzi and T. brucei; displays intraspecific karyotype variability and lacks minichromosomes. Of the predicted 7,613 protein coding sequences, functional annotations could be determined for 2,415, while 5,043 are hypothetical proteins, some with evidence of protein expression. 7,101 genes (93%) are shared with other trypanosomatids that infect humans. An ortholog of the dcl2 gene involved in the T. brucei RNAi pathway was found in T. rangeli, but the RNAi machinery is non-functional since the other genes in this pathway are pseudogenized. T. rangeli is highly susceptible to oxidative stress, a phenotype that may be explained by a smaller number of anti-oxidant defense enzymes and heatshock proteins.  Conclusions/Significance: Phylogenetic comparison of nuclear and mitochondrial genes indicates that T. rangeli and T. cruzi are equidistant from T. brucei. In addition to revealing new aspects of trypanosome co-evolution within the vertebrate and invertebrate hosts, comparative genomic analysis with pathogenic trypanosomatids provides valuable new information that can be further explored with the aim of developing better diagnostic tools and/or therapeutic targets

The nonpeptide ANG-(1–7) mimic AVE 0991 attenuates cardiac remodeling and improves baroreflex sensitivity in renovascular hypertensive rats.

Aims: The nonpeptide Ang-(1–7) analog, AVE 0991, is recognized as having beneficial cardiovascular effects similar to those induced by Ang-(1–7). In this study, we evaluated the effects of AVE 0991 on cardiovascular functions and on cardiac and renal remodeling in rats with 2K1C renovascular hypertension. Main methods: Fisher rats underwent surgery to induce 2K1C renovascular hypertension and were then treated with AVE 0991 (1 or 3 mg/kg) for 28 days. At the end of treatment, the blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), and baroreflex sensitivity were evaluated, in conscious animals. The rats were then euthanized and the heart and kidneys removed for subsequent histological analysis. Key findings: Treatment with AVE 0991 in 2K1C rats restored the baroreflex sensitivity of both bradycardic and tachycardic components to levels comparable to those of normotensive SHAM rats. At a higher dose (3 mg/kg), AVE 0991 was also anti-hypertensive in 2K1C rats. Furthermore, AVE 0991 reduced the heart weight, thickness of myocardial fibers, number of inflammatory cells, and area of collagen deposition in the hearts of 2K1C rats compared to SHAM rats. The inflammatory process and tissue area of collagen deposition were decreased in the clipped kidney of AVE 0091-treated 2K1C rats. Significance: Our data showed that oral treatment with AVE 0991 reduces blood-pressure cardiac remodeling and improves baroreflex sensitivity in 2K1C renovascular hypertensive rats

Myocarditis in different experimental models infected by Trypanosoma cruzi is correlated with the production of IgG1 isotype.

This study was designed to verify the relationship between IgG antibodies isotypes and myocarditis inTrypanosoma cruzi infection using mice and dogs infected with different T. cruzi strains. The animals wereinfected with benznidazole-susceptible Berenice-78 and benznidazole-resistant AAS and VL-10 strains.The IgG subtypes were measured in serum samples from dogs (IgG, IgG1, and IgG2) and mice (IgG, IgG1,IgG2a, and IgG2b). The infection of dogs with VL-10 strain induced the highest levels of heart inflammationwhile intermediate and lower levels were detected with Berenice-78 and AAS strains, respectively. Similarresults were found in mice infected with VL-10, but not in those infected with AAS or Berenice-78 strains.The AAS strain induced higher levels of heart inflammation in mice, while Berenice-78 strain was notable to induce it. Correlation analysis between myocarditis and antibody reactivity index revealed veryinteresting results, mainly for IgG and IgG1, the latter being the most exciting. High IgG1 showed asignificant correlation with myocarditis in both experimental models, being more significant in dogs(r = 0.94, p < 0.0001) than in mice (r = 0.58, p = 0.047). Overall, our data suggest that IgG1 could be a goodmarker to demonstrate myocarditis intensity in Chagas disease.

Return of the founder Chikungunya virus to its place of introduction into Brazil is revealed by genomic characterization of exanthematic disease cases

Submitted by Sandra Infurna ([email protected]) on 2020-03-10T15:58:07Z No. of bitstreams: 1 MartaGiovanetti_LCAlcantara_etal_IOC_2020.pdf: 1148514 bytes, checksum: 32d98df74817f86ea43988acd886f4e0 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Sandra Infurna ([email protected]) on 2020-03-10T16:31:16Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 MartaGiovanetti_LCAlcantara_etal_IOC_2020.pdf: 1148514 bytes, checksum: 32d98df74817f86ea43988acd886f4e0 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2020-03-10T16:31:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MartaGiovanetti_LCAlcantara_etal_IOC_2020.pdf: 1148514 bytes, checksum: 32d98df74817f86ea43988acd886f4e0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública. Departamento de Virologia, Salvador, BA, Brasil.Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública. Departamento de Virologia, Salvador, BA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Coordenação Geral de Vigilância de Arboviroses (CGARB). Brasília, DF, BrasilUniversidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Instituto de Ciências Biológicas. Laboratório de Genética Celular e Molecular. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil / University of KwaZulu- Natal, Durban. College of Health Sciences. KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform. Durban, South Africa.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Gonçalo Muniz. Laboratório de Patologia Experimental. Salvador, BA, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Flavivírus. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública. Departamento de Virologia, Salvador, BA, Brasil.Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana. Feira de Santana, BA, Brasil / Secretaria de Saúde de Feira de Santana. Feira de Santana, BA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Coordenação Geral dos Laboratórios de Saúde Pública. Brasília, DF, Brasil.Organização Pan-Americana da Saúde/Organização Mundial da Saúde. Brasília, DF, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Brasília, DF, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Departamento de Vigilância de Doenças Transmissíveis. Brasília, DF, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Flavivírus. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul. MS, Brasil / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Coordenação de Saúde Laboratórios de Vigilância e Referência. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.University of Oxford. Oxford, UK.University of KwaZulu- Natal, Durban. College of Health Sciences. KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform. Durban, South Africa.University of Oxford. Oxford, UK.University of KwaZulu- Natal, Durban. College of Health Sciences. KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform. Durban, South Africa / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Flavivírus. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.University of Oxford. Department of Zoology. Oxford, UK.Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Instituto de Ciências Biológicas. Laboratório de Genética Celular e Molecular. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Flavivírus. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BrasilMinistério da Saúde. Coordenação Geral de Vigilância de Arboviroses (CGARB). Brasília, DF, Brasil / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Flavivírus. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BrasilBetween June 2017 and August 2018, several municipalities located in Bahia state (Brazil) reported a large increase in the number of patients presenting with febrile illness similar to that of arboviral infections. Using a combination of portable whole genome sequencing, molecular clock and epidemiological analyses, we revealed the return of the CHIKV-ECSA genotype into Bahia. Our results show local persistence of lineages in some municipalities and the re-introduction of new epidemiological strains from different Brazilian regions, highlighting a complex dynamic of transmission between epidemic seasons and sampled locations. Estimated climate-driven transmission potential of CHIKV remained at similar levels throughout the years, such that large reductions in the total number of confirmed cases suggests a slow, but gradual accumulation of herd-immunity over the 4 years of the epidemic in Bahia after its introduction in 2014. Bahia remains a reservoir of the genetic diversity of CHIKV in the Americas, and genomic surveillance strategies are essential to assist in monitoring and understanding arboviral transmission and persistence both locally and over large distances

Low Doses of Simvastatin Therapy Ameliorate Cardiac Inflammatory Remodeling in Trypanosoma cruzi-Infected Dogs

Chagas cardiomyopathy remodeling is based on the presence of Trypanosoma cruzi in heart tissue and on the complex inflammatory response leading to a myocardium fibrosis and alterations in conductive and functional heart parameters. This study aims to evaluate Simvastatin on the inflammatory response and heart functionality using dogs infected with Y strain of T. cruzi. Animals were treated daily with Simvastatin (20 mg) for 6 months and submitted to clinical and immunopathological evaluations. Simvastatin reduced heart expression and serum levels of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) but not interleukin-10 (IL-10), possibly favoring blood parasitism but reducing inflammation and fibrosis in the left ventricle and right atrium. Simvastatin also ameliorated ejection fraction, diastolic diameter, and mass index of the left ventricle 6 months after infection. This study suggests that more investigation should be performed on the use of statins as a prophylactic therapy against cardiac remodeling because of their effects on modifying immune response and benefiting functional parameters in dogs with T. cruzi-induced ventricular dysfunctions

Cochlear dysfunction and microvascular complications in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus

Abstract Sensorineural hearing impairment has been associated with DM, and it is probably linked to the same pathophysiological mechanisms as well-established in microvascular diabetes complications. The study of otoacoustic emissions (OAEs) is useful to identify subclinical cochlear dysfunction. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the association between abnormal OAEs responses, diabetic kidney disease (DKD) and diabetic cardiac autonomic neuropathy (CAN). We performed a cross-sectional study with 37 type 1 DM patients without auditory symptoms, submitted to the study of Distortion Product Otoacoustic Emissions (DPOAEs) and screened for DKD and CAN. The otoacoustic emissions responses were considered abnormal in 27/37 (73%) patients. A correlation was found between abnormal OAEs responses and presence of DKD (r = 0.36, p < 0.05), and 14/16 (88%) patients with a lower amplitude of OAEs in 8 kHz frequency band presented DKD. Abnormal OAEs responses in the 6 kHz frequency band were correlated with the presence (r = 0.41, p = 0.01) and severity of CAN (r = 0.44, p < 0.001). Additionally, 7/9 (78%) patients with abnormal OAE responses in this frequency also presented abnormal CAN scores. Our results suggest that abnormal otoacoustic emissions responses in high frequency bands are associated with diabetes microvascular complications and could be a risk marker for DKD and CAN, presenting low sensitivity and high specificity. Therefore, assuming that hearing impairment is a pre-clinical stage of hearing loss, performing distortion product otoacoustic emissions in T1DM patients with microvascular complications could be useful to identify those who would be benefit with regular audiologic follow up and tighter diabetes control