Actitudes de los estudiantes y propuesta alternativa para la enseñanza-aprendizaje de las ciencias naturales en las instituciones educativas de la ciudad de Neiva – Huila

This research evaluates how students’ attitudes towards Natural Sciences are, what is the relationship between these attitudes with factors such as gender, socioeconomic status, educational level and occupations of parents, and what is the impact of learning in this area on the daily life of schoolchildren, recognizing them as one of the bases to understand the processes of teaching / learning of Sciences in the city of Neiva, Huila. In view of the above, this is a qualitative research of social critical type due to it tries to understand the fast social transformations and assumes a critical perspective of the reality of the local context to respond to certain problems caused by these transformations; a Likert scale and a semi-structured interview were used. The results are presented in four sections: 1) Characterization through the Protocol of Attitudes related to Natural Sciences (PACN) that evaluated four categories: Teaching, Image, Social and Characteristics; 2) Relation of attitudes towards each of the factors above mentioned; 3) Recommendations given by the experts to the proposal and 4) Alternative proposal for the teaching / learning of Natural Sciences for the city of Neiva. A methodology is proposed in which processes of multidisciplinarity and interdisciplinarity are incorporated and contribute to the educational innovation, since, by achieving this synergy, better results can be generated, by the action field that is covered.Esta investigación evalúa cómo son las actitudes de los estudiantes hacia las Ciencias Naturales, qué relación existe entre dichas actitudes con factores tales como género, nivel socioeconómico, nivel educativo y ocupaciones de los padres, y cuál es el impacto de los aprendizajes de esta área en el diario vivir de los escolares, reconociéndolas como una de las bases para comprender los procesos de la enseñanza/aprendizaje de las Ciencias en la ciudad de Neiva, Huila. En vista de lo anterior, es una investigación cualitativa de tipo críticosocial porque se intenta comprender las rápidas transformaciones sociales y se asume una perspectiva crítica de la realidad del contexto local para responder a determinados problemas provocados por dichas transformaciones, en la que se utilizó una escala tipo Likert y una entrevista semiestructurada. Los resultados se presentan en cuatro secciones: 1) Caracterización a través del Protocolo de Actitudes relacionadas con las Ciencias Naturales (PACN) que evaluó cuatro categorías: Enseñanza, Imagen, Social y Características; 2) Relación de las actitudes frente a cada uno de los factores mencionados anteriormente; 3) Recomendaciones dadas por los expertos a la propuesta y 4) Propuesta alternativa para la enseñanza/aprendizaje de las Ciencias Naturales para la ciudad de Neiva. Se propone una metodología en que se incorporan procesos de multidisciplinariedad e interdisciplinariedad que contribuyen a la innovación educativa, ya que, al lograr esta sinergia, se pueden generar mejores resultados, por el campo de acción que se abarca

Glucose levels as a mediator of the detrimental effect of abdominal obesity on relative handgrip strength in older adults

Excess central adiposity accelerates the decline of muscle strength in older people. Additionally, hyperglycemia, independent of associated comorbidities, is related to the loss of muscle mass and strength, and contributes to functional impairment in older adults. We studied the mediation effect of glucose levels, in the relationship between abdominal obesity and relative handgrip strength (HGS). A total of 1571 participants (60.0% women, mean age 69.1 ± 7.0 years) from 86 municipalities were selected following a multistage area probability sampling design. Measurements included demographic and anthropometric/adiposity markers (weight, height, body mass index, and waist circumference). HGS was measured using a digital dynamometer for three sets and the mean value was recorded. The values were normalized to body weight (relative HGS). Fasting glucose was analyzed by enzymatic colorimetric methods. Mediation analyses were performed to identify associations between the independent variable (abdominal obesity) and outcomes (relative HGS), as well as to determine whether fasting glucose levels mediated the relationship between excess adiposity and relative HGS. A total of 1239 (78.8%) had abdominal obesity. Abdominal obesity had a negative effect on fasting glucose (β = 9.04, 95%CI = 5.87 to 12.21); while fasting glucose to relative HGS was inversely related (β = −0.003, 95%CI = −0.005 to −0.001), p < 0.001. The direct effect of abdominal obesity on relative HGS was statistically significant (β = −0.069, 95%CI = −0.082 to −0.057), p < 0.001. Lastly, fasting glucose levels mediates the detrimental effect of abdominal obesity on relative HGS (indirect effect β = −0.002, 95%CI = −0.004 to −0.001), p < 0.001. Our results suggest that the glucose level could worsen the association between abdominal obesity status and lower HGS. Thus, it is plausible to consider fasting glucose levels when assessing older adults with excess adiposity and/or suspected loss of muscle mass

Developing Tools for Networks of Processors

A great deal of research eort is currently being made in the realm of so called natural computing. Natural computing mainly focuses on the denition, formal description, analysis, simulation and programming of new models of computation (usually with the same expressive power as Turing Machines) inspired by Nature, which makes them particularly suitable for the simulation of complex systems.Some of the best known natural computers are Lindenmayer systems (Lsystems, a kind of grammar with parallel derivation), cellular automata, DNA computing, genetic and evolutionary algorithms, multi agent systems, arti- cial neural networks, P-systems (computation inspired by membranes) and NEPs (or networks of evolutionary processors). This chapter is devoted to this last model

Potential effects of delphinidin-3-O-sambubioside and cyanidin-3-O-sambubioside of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. on ruminant meat and milk quality

El articulo esta publicado en una revista de Open accessThe objective was to review the potential effects of adding anthocyanin delphinidin-3-O-sambubioside (DOS) and cyanidin-3-O-sambubioside (COS) of HS in animal diets. One hundred and four scientific articles published before 2021 in clinics, pharmacology, nutrition, and animal production were included. The grains/concentrate, metabolic exigency, and caloric stress contribute to increasing the reactive oxygen species (ROS). COS and DOS have antioxidant, antibacterial, antiviral, and anthelmintic activities. In the rumen, anthocyanin might obtain interactions and/or synergisms with substrates, microorganisms, and enzymes which could affect the fiber degradability and decrease potential methane (CH4) emissions; since anthocyanin interferes with ruminal fatty acids biohydrogenation (BH), they can increase the n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), linoleic acid (LA), and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) in milk and meat, as well as improving their quality. Anthocyanins reduce plasma oxidation and can be deposited in milk and meat, increasing antioxidant activities. Therefore, the reduction of the oxidation of fats and proteins improves shelf-life. Although studies in ruminants are required, COS and DOS act as inhibitors of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACEi) and rennin expression, regulating the homeostatic control and possibly the milk yield and body weight. By-products of HS contain polyphenols as calyces with positive effects on the average daily gain and fat meat quality

Efecto in vitro de los extractos hidroalcohólico y etanólico de semilla de papaya (Carica papaya) en Haemonchus contortus

Among the main health problems for sheep production are gastrointestinal parasites, of which the most important nematode is Haemonchus contortus. Current control strategies focus on the effectiveness, along with the low impact on the ecosystem. The study of the integral control of parasites allows the investigation of alternatives with probable anthelmintic effect, such as the use of papaya (Carica papaya) seeds. This study aimed at evaluating the in vitro effect of hydroalcoholic and ethanolic extracts of papaya seeds on eggs and larvae of H. contortus. The study was carried out with the equipment and facilities of Laboratory 3 of the Multidisciplinary Research Unit at the Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, UNAM. The extracts were prepared through maceration in solvent. A sheep was inoculated with 5000 L3 of H. contortus, a strain isolated and maintained in the facilities. Fecal samples were collected, and eggs were recovered for the hatch inhibition assay. The eggs and L3 were pretreated with hydroalcoholic and ethanolic extract of papaya seed (2.5 mg/ml), distilled water, ethanol 90 %, and levamisole (7.5 mg/ml). The abomasal explants technique was used to evaluate the effect of the extracts on L3 and its association to the abomasal mucosa. An ANOVA was performed for repeated samples using the Statgraphics program. The ethanolic extract of the papaya seed inhibited 92 % of hatching, and the hydroalcoholic extract 50 % (p &lt;0.05). In the case of the explants, the ethanolic extract showed 10 % of the larvae not associated with the abomasal tissue, followed by the hydroalcoholic extract with 60 % of non-associated larvae (p&lt;0.05). In conclusion, the ethanolic extract has an effect on eggs, while the hydroalcoholic extract inhibits the association to the abomasal tissue.Entre los principales problemas sanitarios para la producción ovina están los parásitos gastroentéricos; de ellos, el más importante es Haemonchus contortus. Las estrategias actuales de control enfocan la eficacia, junto con el bajo o nulo impacto al ecosistema; el estudio del control integral de parásitos permite la investigación de alternativas con probable efecto antihelmíntico, entre ellas el uso de semilla de papaya (Carica papaya). El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el efecto in vitro de los extractos hidroalcohólico y etanólico de la semilla de papaya (C. papaya) sobre huevos y larvas de H. contortus. El trabajo se llevó a cabo con el equipo e instalaciones del Laboratorio 3 de la Unidad de Investigación Multidisciplinaria en la Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, UNAM. Se elaboraron los extractos por medio de maceración en solvente. Se inoculó un ovino con 5000 larvas de tercer estadio (L3) de H. contortus, cepa aislada y mantenida en dichas instalaciones. Se tomaron muestras de materia fecal y se recuperaron huevos para el ensayo de inhibición de la eclosión. Los huevos y las L3 fueron pretratados con extracto hidroalcohólico y etanólico de semilla de papaya (2.5 mg/ml), agua destilada, etanol 90 % y levamisol (7.5 mg/ml). Se efectuó la técnica de explantes abomasales, evaluando el efecto de los extractos sobre las L3 y su asociación a la mucosa abomasal. Se realizó un ANOVA para muestras repetidas por medio del programa Statgraphics. El extracto etanólico de semilla de papaya mostró el 92 % de inhibición de la eclosión; el extracto hidroalcohólico mostró 50 % (p&lt;0.05). En el caso de los explantes, el extracto etanólico mostró el 10 % de larvas no asociadas al tejido abomasal, seguido por el extracto hidroalcohólico, con el 60 % de larvas no asociadas (p&lt;0.05). Se concluye que el extracto etanólico tiene efecto sobre huevos, mientras que el extracto hidroalcohólico inhibe la asociación al tejido abomasal

In vitro effect of the hydroalcoholic and ethanolic extracts of papaya seeds (Carica papaya) against Haemonchus contortus

1 recurso en línea (páginas 53-59).Among the main health problems for sheep production are gastrointestinal parasites, of which the most important nematode is Haemonchus contortus. Current control strategies focus on the effectiveness, along with the low impact on the ecosystem. The study of the integral control of parasites allows the investigation of alternatives with probable anthelmintic effect, such as the use of papaya (Carica papaya) seeds. This study aimed at evaluating the in vitro effect of hydroalcoholic and ethanolic extracts of papaya seeds on eggs and larvae of H. contortus. The study was carried out with the equipment and facilities of Laboratory 3 of the Multidisciplinary Research Unit at the Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, UNAM. The extracts were prepared through maceration in solvent. A sheep was inoculated with 5000 L3 of H. contortus, a strain isolated and maintained in the facilities. Fecal samples were collected, and eggs were recovered for the hatch inhibition assay. The eggs and L3 were pretreated with hydroalcoholic and ethanolic extract of papaya seed (2.5 mg/ml), distilled water, ethanol 90 %, and levamisole (7.5 mg/ml). The abomasal explants technique was used to evaluate the effect of the extracts on L3 and its association to the abomasal mucosa. An ANOVA was performed for repeated samples using the Statgraphics program. The ethanolic extract of the papaya seed inhibited 92 % of hatching, and the hydroalcoholic extract 50 % (p<0.05). In the case of the explants, the ethanolic extract showed 10 % of the larvae not associated with the abomasal tissue, followed by the hydroalcoholic extract with 60 % of non-associated larvae (p<0.05). In conclusion, the ethanolic extract has an effect on eggs, while the hydroalcoholic extract inhibits the association to the abomasal tissue.Entre los principales problemas sanitarios para la producción ovina están los parásitos gastroentéricos; de ellos, el más importante es Haemonchus contortus. Las estrategias actuales de control enfocan la eficacia, junto con el bajo o nulo impacto al ecosistema; el estudio del control integral de parásitos permite la investigación de alternativas con probable efecto antihelmíntico, entre ellas el uso de semilla de papaya (Carica papaya). El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el efecto in vitro de los extractos hidroalcohólico y etanólico de la semilla de papaya (C. papaya) sobre huevos y larvas de H. contortus. El trabajo se llevó a cabo con el equipo e instalaciones del Laboratorio 3 de la Unidad de Investigación Multidisciplinaria en la Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, UNAM. Se elaboraron los extractos por medio de maceración en solvente. Se inoculó un ovino con 5000 larvas de tercer estadio (L3) de H. contortus, cepa aislada y mantenida en dichas instalaciones. Se tomaron muestras de materia fecal y se recuperaron huevos para el ensayo de inhibición de la eclosión. Los huevos y las L3 fueron pretratados con extracto hidroalcohólico y etanólico de semilla de papaya (2.5 mg/ml), agua destilada, etanol 90 % y levamisol (7.5 mg/ml). Se efectuó la técnica de explantes abomasales, evaluando el efecto de los extractos sobre las L3 y su asociación a la mucosa abomasal. Se realizó un ANOVA para muestras repetidas por medio del programa Statgraphics. El extracto etanólico de semilla de papaya mostró el 92 % de inhibición de la eclosión; el extracto hidroalcohólico mostró 50 % (p<0.05). En el caso de los explantes, el extracto etanólico mostró el 10 % de larvas no asociadas al tejido abomasal, seguido por el extracto hidroalcohólico, con el 60 % de larvas no asociadas (p<0.05). Se concluye que el extracto etanólico tiene efecto sobre huevos, mientras que el extracto hidroalcohólico inhibe la asociación al tejido abomasal.Bibliografía: páginas 58-59

Manejo integral de un brote de dengue en el corregimiento la Buitrera, Santiago de Cali, Colombia

Background: Dengue is a highly prevalent arbovirosis, with great epidemiological, social, and economic impact worldwide. In Cali, this disease presents asynchronous behavior. The Corregimiento La Buitrera, a rural area of Cali, regularly reports cases of dengue, however, during 2022 an unusual increase in cases led the Cali District Health Secretariat to carry out articulated actions to contain the outbreak. Objective: Describe the comprehensive management actions that allowed containing a dengue outbreak in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: An active review of the notification of cases of dengue, severe dengue, and death due to dengue in SIVIGILA was carried out. The management was carried out in five institutions where users of the Corregimiento were served and integrated vector management activities were evaluated and monitored. Results: 16 cases of dengue were detected in the La Buitrera district. The percentage of dengue cases reported for 2022 (2.58%) exceeded those of epidemic years (2016 and 2020) in Santiago de Cali. 47.75% of the cases corresponded to DENV-2. 15.9% of the homes and 25% of the human concentrations inspected had at least one Aedes aegypti breeding site. The main difficulty in the IPS evaluation was adherence to the guidelines and management protocols for vector-borne diseases. Conclusion: The articulated and timely actions of the District Public Health Secretariat significantly influenced the containment of the outbreak, which can serve as a model for future epidemiological situations.Antecedentes: El dengue es una arbovirosis de alta prevalencia, con gran impacto epidemiológico, social y económico a nivel mundial. En Cali, esta enfermedad presenta un comportamiento asincrónico. El Corregimiento La Buitrera, área rural de Cali, notifica regularmente casos de dengue, sin embargo, durante 2022 un incremento inusual de casos que conllevó a la Secretaría Distrital de Salud de Cali a realizar acciones articuladas para contener el brote. Objetivo: Describir las acciones de manejo integral que permitieron contener un brote de dengue en el contexto de pandemia COVID-19. Métodos: Se realizó revisión activa de la notificación de casos de dengue, dengue grave y muerte por dengue en SIVIGILA. Se evaluó y acompañó la gestión realizada en cinco instituciones donde fueron atendidos usuarios del Corregimiento y se ejecutaron actividades de manejo integrado del vector. Resultados: Se detectaron 16 casos de dengue en el Corregimiento La Buitrera. El porcentaje de casos de dengue notificados para 2022 (2.58%) superó los porcentajes de años epidémicos (2016 y 2020) en Santiago de Cali. 47.75% de los casos correspondieron a DENV-2. 15.9% de las viviendas y 25% de las concentraciones humanas inspeccionadas tuvieron al menos un criadero de Aedes. aegypti. La principal dificultad en las IPS evaluadas fue la adherencia a las guías y protocolos de manejo en enfermedades trasmitidas por vectores. Conclusión: Las acciones articuladas y oportunas de la Secretaría de Salud Pública Distrital influyeron notablemente en la contención del brote, lo cual puede servir de modelo frente a futuras situaciones epidemiológicas

Yield, quality, and phytochemicals of two strawberry cultivars in response to foliar calcium nanofertilization

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the foliar application of Calcium (Ca2+) nanofertilizer on the yield, fruit quality, total phytochemicals and capacity of two strawberry cultivars 'Monterrey' and 'Albion' of fragaria x annanassa Duch. Design/methodology/approach: Three foliar calcium treatments were established (two commercial foliar fertilizers, one nanofertilizer). The doses used were 2.5, 5 and 7 mEq/L and were applied at the stages of beginning of flowering, full flowering, end of flowering, fruit setting and active production. The design of the experiment was randomized blocks in four repetitions, each repetition consisted of one square meter; equivalent to 16 plants. An analysis of variance was performed and the Tukey test at 5% was applied for comparison of means. Results: The results indicate that doses of 2.5 mEq/L for the 'Monterrey' cultivar and 5 mEq/L for the 'Albion' cultivar favored the increase in total phenolics, total flavonoids, total anthocyanins, antioxidant capacity and the highest performance by obtaining 13.00 kg/m2 and 12.59 kg/m2 respectively. Findings/conclusions: Which indicates that the use of nano-calcium as a foliar fertilizer could be a competent tool that helps improve the bioactive compounds of strawberry fruits and yields.Objective: to evaluate the foliar application of Calcium (Ca2+) nanofertilizer on the yield, fruit quality, total phytochemicals and capacity of two strawberry cultivars 'Monterrey' and 'Albion' of Fragaria x annanassa Duch. Design/ Methodology/ Approach: three foliar calcium treatments were established (two commercial foliar fertilizers, one nanofertilizer). The doses used were 2.5, 5 and 7 mEq L-1 and were applied at the stages of beginning of flowering, full flowering, end of flowering, fruit setting and full production. The design of the experiment was randomized blocks in four replicates, each replicate consisted of a 1 m2 area, with 16 plants. An analysis of variance was performed and the Tukey´s test (p≤0.05) was applied for comparison of means. Results: the results indicated that doses of 2.5 mEq L-1 for the 'Monterrey' cultivar and 5 mEq L-1 for the 'Albion' cultivar favored increases in total phenols, total flavonoids, total anthocyanins, antioxidant capacity and higher yields, by obtaining 13 kg m-2 and 12.59 kg m-2 from those cultivars, respectively. Findings/ Conclusions: this indicates that the use of nano-calcium as a foliar fertilizer could be a suitable alternative that helps improving the bioactive compounds and yields of strawberry fruits