El retorno inmanente del lenguaje: Impressions d’Afrique de Raymond Roussel y sus influencias en la obra de Marcel Duchamp

La presencia de Marcel Duchamp en una de las representaciones de Impressions d’Afrique de Raymond Roussel en el Théâtre Antoine, de París, en mayo de 1912, constituye uno de los hitos ineludibles a la hora de estudiar la vida y obra del autor del Grand Verre. El objetivo de este artículo es ampliar el estrecho marco de reflexión en el que usualmente se abordan las conexiones entre ambas figuras de la vanguardia europea, y encontrar reflejos del célebre procédé de Roussel en la obra de Duchamp. Para ello se priorizarán aspectos clave dentro de la construcción de Impressions d’Afrique como su estructura bipartita, la homofonía y la materialidad del signo lingüístico

Crustal velocity and strain rate fields in the Balearic Islands based on continuous GPS time series from the XGAIB network (2010-2013)

In this paper, we present a first estimation, using the GIPSY-OASIS software, of the crustal velocity and strain rate fields in the Balearic Islands (Spain), based on continuous GPS observations from the XGAIB network spanning the period 2010-2013. The XGAIB network consists of nine permanent, widely distributed stations that have operated continuously since 2010. In this paper, we describe the XGAIB network and the CGPS data processing and present our principle results in terms of the position time series and velocities of all of the sites, which were observed for more than three and a half years. In addition, strain tensors were estimated from the velocity field to obtain the first realistic crustal deformation model of the archipelago. The strains exhibit gradual variation across the Balearic Islands, from WNW-ESE extension in the southwest (Ibiza and Formentera) to NW-SE compression in the northeast (Menorca). These results constitute an advance in our knowledge of the tectonics of the western Mediterranean region.This research was partly funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation through the AYA2010-15501, CGL2011-30153-C02-02 and CSD2006-0041 projects (European Regional Development Fund-ERDF)

Thermodynamic and economic assessment of a new generation of subcritical and supercritical solar power towers

The feasibility of using more efficient Rankine power blocks in solar power towers (SPTs) with molten salt as the heat transfer fluid has been studied as a method for increasing the global efficiency of these power plants. The temperature and pressure of the main steam and the reheating pressure affect the temperature of the molten salt in the receiver; for temperature increase decreasing the receiver efficiency and increasing the power block efficiency. Therefore, a detailed study of these SPTs has been conducted to determine whether the proposed changes increase the global efficiency of the SPTs. A total of eight different subcritical and supercritical SPTs have been investigated. To set the most important cost of the SPT, the same heliostat field has been used. The receiver geometry has been optimised for each SPT to maximise the heliostat-receiver efficiency, fulfilling the material limitations. It has been observed that the pressure at the inlet of the turbine increases the SPT efficiency even more than the temperature. However, special attention has to be paid to the reheating pressure, which is the most influential factor on the SPT efficiency. A high reheating pressure considerably decreases the SPT efficiency. Therefore, the best efficiencies have been obtained for the supercritical SPTs with a low reheating pressure and high temperature. It is closely followed by subcritical SPTs at high pressure and temperature. The investment cost of the different SPTs also increases with the pressure and the temperature of the PB, with subcritical SPTs being less expensive than supercritical SPTs. However, the cost increase is balanced by the increase in the efficiency. The same cost per kWe is found in subcritical SPTs working at 16 MPa and in supercritical SPTs with low reheating pressure

Role for physical fitness in the association between age and cognitive function in older adults: a mediation analysis of the SABE colombia study

Objectives. We investigated the association between physical fitness and cognitive status. Further, we examined whether physical fitness mediates the association between cognitive functioning and aging. Design. Cross-sectional study. Setting. Urban and rural Colombian older adults. Methods. 4416 participants from the SABE study were included in the current analysis. Physical fitness was assessed with the handgrip test and the usual gait speed test. Cognitive status was evaluated through the Folstein Mini-Mental State Examination. A parallel mediation path was used to test the possible mediator role of physical fitness between aging and cognitive functioning. Results. Older adults with lower handgrip strength (HGS) were more likely to have mild-cognitive status than older adults with healthy HGS (OR = 1.53, 95% CI = 1.15; 2.02). In addition, older adults with a slower gait speed were more likely to have mild cognitive impairment (OR = 2.05, 95% CI = 1.54; 2.78). Age had an inverse relationship with cognitive function (β = -0.110, 95% CI = -0.130; -0.100) and it was also inversely associated with HGS (β = -0.003, 95% CI = -0.005; -0.002) and gait speed (β = -0.010, 95% CI = -0.011; -0.009). The indirect effects, which indicate that the effect of age on cognitive function is transmitted through mediators, showed that both gait speed (β = -0.028, 95% CI = -0.036; -0.020) and HGS (β = -0.014, 95% CI = -0.024; -0.005) were independent mediators of the detrimental effect of aging on cognitive function. Conclusions. Physical fitness mediates the effects of aging on cognitive functioning. Our findings suggest that physical activity can be a key factor to prevent cognitive deterioration during aging process.The study was funded by the Ministry of Health and Social Protection of Colombia Colciencias contract No. 764 of 2013. Robinson Ramírez-Vélez training grant (ID420) as a postdoctoral research fellow with the Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA)

Cytotoxicity induced by carbon nanotubes in experimental malignant glioma

"Despite multiple advances in the diagnosis of brain tumors, there is no effective treatment for glioblastoma. Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), which were previously used as a diagnostic and drug delivery tool, have now been explored as a possible therapy against neoplasms. However, although the toxicity profile of nanotubes is dependent on the physicochemical characteristics of specific particles, there are no studies exploring how the effectivity of the carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is affected by different methods of production. In this study, we characterize the structure and biocompatibility of four different types of MWCNTs in rat astrocytes and in RG2 glioma cells as well as the induction of cell lysis and possible additive effect of the combination of MWCNTs with temozolomide. We used undoped MWCNTs (labeled simply as MWCNTs) and nitrogen-doped MWCNTs (labeled as N-MWCNTs). The average diameter of both pristine MWCNTs and pristine N-MWCNTs was ~22 and ~35 nm, respectively. In vitro and in vivo results suggested that these CNTs can be used as adjuvant therapy along with the standard treatment to increase the survival of rats implanted with malignant glioma.

The Campo de Dalias GNSS Network Unveils the Interaction between Roll-Back and Indentation Tectonics in the Gibraltar Arc

The Gibraltar Arc includes the Betic and Rif Cordilleras surrounding the Alboran Sea; it is formed at the northwest–southeast Eurasia–Nubia convergent plate boundary in the westernmost Mediterranean. Since 2006, the Campo de Dalias GNSS network has monitored active tectonic deformation of the most seismically active area on the north coast of the Alboran Sea. Our results show that the residual deformation rates with respect to Eurasia range from 1.7 to 3.0 mm/year; roughly homogenous west-southwestward displacements of the northern sites occur, while the southern sites evidence irregular displacements towards the west and northwest. This deformation pattern supports simultaneous east-northeast–west-southwest extension, accommodated by normal and oblique faults, and north-northwest–south-southeast shortening that develops east-northeast–west-southwest folds. Moreover, the GNSS results point to dextral creep of the main northwest–southeast Balanegra Fault. These GNNS results thus reveal, for the first time, present-day interaction of the roll-back tectonics of the Rif–Gibraltar–Betic slab in the western part of the Gibraltar Arc with the indentation tectonics affecting the eastern and southern areas, providing new insights for improving tectonic models of arcuate orogens.Junta de Andalucia; European Regional Development Fund; grant numbers: AGORA P18-RT-3275, PAPEL B-RNM-301-UGR18. Programa Operativo FEDER-Andalucia 2014–2020 Project ref. 1263446; University of Jaén; CEACTEMA; grant number: POAIUJA 21/22. Junta de Andalucía (Andalusian Board); grant numbers: RNM-148, RNM-282, RNM-370. V.T.S. was supported by the FPU PhD grant (16/04038)

The Padul normal fault activity constrained by GPS data: Brittle extension orthogonal to folding in the central Betic Cordillera

The Padul Fault is located in the Central Betic Cordillera, formed in the framework of the NW-SE Eurasian-African plate convergence. In the Internal Zone, large E-W to NE-SW folds of western Sierra Nevada accommodated the greatest NW-SE shortening and uplift of the cordillera. However, GPS networks reveal a present-day dominant E-W to NE-SW extensional setting at surface. The Padul Fault is the most relevant and best exposed active normal fault that accommodates most of the NE-SW extension of the Central Betics. This WSW-wards dipping fault, formed by several segments of up to 7 km maximum length, favored the uplift of the Sierra Nevada footwall away from the Padul graben hanging wall. A non-permanent GPS network installed in 1999 constrains an average horizontal extensional rate of 0.5 mm/yr in N66°E direction. The fault length suggests that a (maximum) 6 magnitude earthquake may be expected, but the absence of instrumental or historical seismic events would indicate that fault activity occurs at least partially by creep. Striae on fault surfaces evidence normal-sinistral kinematics, suggesting that the Padul Fault may have been a main transfer fault of the westernmost end of the Sierra Nevada antiform. Nevertheless, GPS results evidence: (1) shortening in the Sierra Nevada antiform is in its latest stages, and (2) the present-day fault shows normal with minor oblique dextral displacements. The recent change in Padul fault kinematics will be related to the present-day dominance of the ENE-WSW regional extension versus ~ NNW-SSE shortening that produced the uplift and northwestwards displacement of Sierra Nevada antiform. This region illustrates the importance of heterogeneous brittle extensional tectonics in the latest uplift stages of compressional orogens, as well as the interaction of folding during the development of faults at shallow crustal levels.This research was funded by PAIUJA 2017/2018, UJA2016/00086/001 project, CGL2016-80687-R AEI/FEDER, UE project and RNM148 and RNM282 research groups of Junta de Andalucía

GPS deformation rates in the Bajo Segura basin (Eastern Betic Cordillera)

En este trabajo hemos cuantificado las tasas de deformación actual de la cuenca del Bajo Segura (NE del corredor de cizalla de la Bética oriental), a partir del análisis de una red GPS con 11 vértices geodésicos. Se han analizado los datos de cuatro campañas GPS entre junio de 1999 y enero de 2013, que han sido procesados con la versión 6.2 del software GIPSY-OASIS. Este software utiliza la técnica de posicionamiento puntual de precisión conocido por las siglas PPP. Se observa un acortamiento ~N-S en toda la cuenca de mayor magnitud en el sur, en la zona de falla del Bajo Segura, con valores que varían de oeste a este entre 0,73 y 0,24 mm/año. En el borde septentrional de la cuenca, en la zona de falla de Crevillente, los valores de acortamiento N-S son menores. Sin embargo, en esta falla se ha observado un movimiento lateral sinistrorso que, en la componente E-O, varía entre 0,44 y 0,75 mm/año.We estimate the present deformation rates of the Bajo Segura Basin (NE end of the Eastern Betic shear zone), from the analysis of a GPS network with 11 sites. We analyze the data from four observation campaigns carried out between June 1999 and January 2013.We used the 6.2 version of GIPSYOASIS software to process GPS data in Precise Point Positioning mode (PPP). It is observed a ~N-S shortening in the whole basin, higher in the south, along the Bajo Segura fault zone, with rates varying from West to East between 0.73 and 0.24 mm/yr. In the northern border of the basin, along the Crevillente fault zone, N-S deformation rates are lower. However, it is observed a left-lateral movement of this fault zone varying between 0.44 and 0.75 mm/yr in the E-W direction.Este trabajo ha sido financiado por los proyectos del Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad AYA2010-15501 y CGL2011-30153-C02-02 y por el proyecto CSD2006-0041 (European Regional Development Fund-ERDF)

Percepción de riesgo e incidencia antitabáquica en el rendimiento académico de estudiantes universitarios de Ciencias Médicas

This study is aimedat an analysis and systematization research how to evidence antitobbacco education from a perspective perceived risk, whisch influence the academic performance of college students.These knowledge, skills and habits achiev bystudent’sconsumers and not consumers tobacco that are in first year of racing sciences medicalof the province of Villa Clara, Cuba. From a group of dimensions for finding, the same can identifythis educational process should continue working from science to contribute of quality of life and social example of the future health professionals.El presente estudio está dirigido a un análisis y sistematización de investigaciones sobre cómo se evidencia la educación antitabáquica desde una perspectiva de la percepción de riesgo, la cual influya en el rendimiento académico de estudiantes universitarios. Se expresan los resultados de estos conocimientos, habilidades y hábitos alcanzados por estudiantes consumidores y no consumidores de tabaco que se encuentran en primer año de Ciencias Médicas de la provincia de Villa Clara, Cuba. A partir de un grupo de dimensiones para su constatación, las mismas permiten identificar que este proceso educativo se debe continuar trabajando desde la ciencia para contribuir en la calidad de vida y el ejemplo social de los futuros profesionales de la salud

Percepción de riesgo e incidencia antitabáquica en el rendimiento académico de estudiantes universitarios de Ciencias Médicas

This study is aimedat an analysis and systematization research how to evidence antitobbacco education from a perspective perceived risk, whisch influence the academic performance of college students.These knowledge, skills and habits achiev bystudent’sconsumers and not consumers tobacco that are in first year of racing sciences medicalof the province of Villa Clara, Cuba. From a group of dimensions for finding, the same can identifythis educational process should continue working from science to contribute of quality of life and social example of the future health professionals.El presente estudio está dirigido a un análisis y sistematización de investigaciones sobre cómo se evidencia la educación antitabáquica desde una perspectiva de la percepción de riesgo, la cual influya en el rendimiento académico de estudiantes universitarios. Se expresan los resultados de estos conocimientos, habilidades y hábitos alcanzados por estudiantes consumidores y no consumidores de tabaco que se encuentran en primer año de Ciencias Médicas de la provincia de Villa Clara, Cuba. A partir de un grupo de dimensiones para su constatación, las mismas permiten identificar que este proceso educativo se debe continuar trabajando desde la ciencia para contribuir en la calidad de vida y el ejemplo social de los futuros profesionales de la salud