Receptor-mediated calcium entry in retinal amacrine cells

In the vertebrate retina, multiple cell types express g protein-coupled receptors linked to phospholipase C. The signaling pathway engendered by activation of this enzyme can involve Ca2+-permeable transient receptor potential (TRP) channels. To begin to understand the role of these channels in the retina, we undertake an immunocytochemical localization of two TRPC channel subunits, TRPC1 and TRPC4. TRPC1 expression was observed in amacrine cells and their process in the chicken retina. TRPC4 expression was much more widespread with some degree of labeling found in all layers of the retina, and was shown to be expressed in Müller glial cells. Thus, the distributions of these two subunits indicate that different retinal cell types express TRPC channels containing different subunits. Recently, several sphingolipids have been demonstrated to play key roles in Ca2+ mobilization in neurons. Sphingosine-1-phosphate is a sphingolipid metabolite that has been shown to activate a class of g protein-coupled receptors (S1PRs) in other cell types. In the present study, we examine the signaling properties of S1P in retinal amacrine cells. S1P produced a noisy, inward cation current in amacrine cells that occurred through activation of S1P1R and S1P3R. The S1P-induced current was PLC-sensitive and was eliminated with La3+ and Gd2+, suggesting activation of TRPCs. S1P also elicited cytosolic Ca2+ elevations. The S1P-induced Ca2+ increase was mediated by S1P1R and S1P3R and was a result of both release of Ca2+ from internal stores and Ca2+ influx. Single-cell PCR amplification of TRPC channel subunits 1, 4, and 5 confirmed expression of these subunits in amacrine cells, suggesting that S1P is capable of activating TRPC-mediated Ca2+ entry in retinal amacrine cells through a novel lipid signaling pathway

Expression and Localization of CLC Chloride Transport Proteins in the Avian Retina

Members of the ubiquitously expressed CLC protein family of chloride channels and transporters play important roles in regulating cellular chloride and pH. The CLCs that function as Cl−/H+ antiporters, ClCs 3–7, are essential in particular for the acidification of endosomal compartments and protein degradation. These proteins are broadly expressed in the nervous system, and mutations that disrupt their expression are responsible for several human genetic diseases. Furthermore, knock-out of ClC3 and ClC7 in the mouse result in the degeneration of the hippocampus and the retina. Despite this evidence of their importance in retinal function, the expression patterns of different CLC transporters in different retinal cell types are as yet undescribed. Previous work in our lab has shown that in chicken amacrine cells, internal Cl− can be dynamic. To determine whether CLCs have the potential to participate, we used PCR and immunohistochemical techniques to examine CLC transporter expression in the chicken retina. We observed a high level of variation in the retinal expression levels and patterns among the different CLC proteins examined. These findings, which represent the first systematic investigation of CLC transporter expression in the retina, support diverse functions for the different CLCs in this tissue

Sphingolipids as critical players in retinal physiology and pathology

Sphingolipids have emerged as bioactive lipids involved in the regulation of many physiological and pathological processes. In the retina, they have been established toparticipate in numerousprocesses, suchas neuronal survival and death, proliferation and migration of neuronal and vascular cells, inflammation, and neovascularization. Dysregulation of sphingolipids is therefore crucial in the onset and progression of retinal diseases. This review examines the involvement of sphingolipids in retinal physiology and diseases. Ceramide (Cer) has emerged as a common mediator of inflammation and death of neuronal and retinal pigment epithelium cells in animal models of retinopathies such as glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), and retinitis pigmentosa. Sphingosine- 1-phosphate (S1P) has opposite roles, preventing photoreceptor and ganglion cell degeneration but also promoting inflammation, fibrosis, and neovascularization in AMD, glaucoma, and pro-fibrotic disorders. Alterations in Cer, S1P, and ceramide 1- phosphate may also contribute to uveitis. Notably, use of inhibitors that either prevent Cer increase or modulate S1P signaling, such as Myriocin, desipramine, and Fingolimod (FTY720), preserves neuronal viability and retinal function. These findings underscore the relevance of alterations in the sphingolipid metabolic network in the etiology of multiple retinopathies and highlight the potential of modulating their metabolism for the design of novel therapeutic approaches.Fil: Simon, Maria Victoria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia; ArgentinaFil: Basu, Sandip K.. University of Tennessee; Estados UnidosFil: Qaladize, Bano. University of Tennessee; Estados UnidosFil: Grambergs, Richards. University of Tennessee; Estados UnidosFil: Rotstein, Nora Patricia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia; ArgentinaFil: Mandal, Nawajes .A.. University of Tennessee; Estados Unido

Moines et religieux dans la ville (XIIe-XVe siècle). Colloque tenu à Fanjeaux du 7 au 10 juillet 2008, sous la présidence de Nicole Bériou, 2009

Crousillac Maylis. Moines et religieux dans la ville (XIIe-XVe siècle). Colloque tenu à Fanjeaux du 7 au 10 juillet 2008, sous la présidence de Nicole Bériou, 2009. In: Bibliothèque de l'école des chartes. 2011, tome 169, livraison 1. Les chartes ornées dans l’Europe romane et gothique. pp. 348-350

Lérins, une île sainte de l’Antiquité au Moyen Âge. Études réunies par Yann Codou et Michel Lauwers, 2010

Crousillac Maylis. Lérins, une île sainte de l’Antiquité au Moyen Âge. Études réunies par Yann Codou et Michel Lauwers, 2010. In: Bibliothèque de l'école des chartes. 2010, tome 168, livraison 2. L’élaboration philologique et linguistique des Plus anciens documents linguistiques de la France, édition électronique pp. 593-595

Enquête auprès des patientes prises en charge pour une maladie trophoblastique gestationnelle : information reçue et perçue au sujet de la fertilité ultérieure

This study concerns the perception of the patients on the information delivered during their care for a MTG. It also throws light upon their later fertility in this case.OBJECTIVES: First of all estimate the perception by the patients of the information delivered during their follow up in the Hospital of the Conception (Marseille), as well as the impact of this event on their later fertility.Secondly: determine the possible improvements in the delivery of information.A final objective consists in estimating the quality of the traceability of the information in the file of the patients.METHODOLOGY: A retrospective study on files, strengthened by the sending of questionnaires With multiple choices at home was realized. The analysis of the files is descriptive.RESULTS: This study is based on 36 files and 10 questionnaires: 7 patients consider the oral information as satisfactory, in particulary, on the fact to respect a deadline before beginning a new pregnancy. On the other hand 2 patients found that the information was insufficient. Half of the patients think that this event had a negative influence on their oncoming fertility. ln 4 cases on 10, the patients were discouragded and are afraid that it reproduces. 9 patients have doubts on their capacity to be expecting a healthy baby.CONCLUSIONS: Our work allows to conclude in one lack of information concerning the future, contrary to the expectations of the patients. The delivery of the information in the Mother tongue of the patients will allow to improve the quality and the understanding of the information.Cette étude s'intéresse à la perception, qu'ont les patientes, sur l'information délivrée lors de leur prise en charge pour une MTG (Maladie Trophoblastique Gestationnelle), concernant leur fertilité ultérieure à cette maladie.OBJECTIFS : Évaluer la perception par les patientes de l'information délivrée lors de leur suivi au CHU de la Conception pour une MTG (Maladie Trophoblastique Gestationnelle), ainsi que l'impact de cet évènement sur leur fertilité ultérieure. Dans un deuxième temps, déterminer les améliorations possibles à la délivrance de l'information. Un dernier objectif consiste à évaluer la qualité de la traçabilité de l'information dans les dossiers des patientes.MATÉRIELS ET MÉTHODES : il a été réalisé une étude rétrospective sur dossiers, consolidée par un envoi de questionnaires à choix multiples à domicile.RÉSULTATS : Les résultats concernent 36 dossiers et 10 questionnaires. 7 patientes qualifient l'information orale satisfaisante, délivrée sur l'importance de respecter un délai avant de débuter une nouvelle grossesse. En revanche 2 patientes trouvent celle-ci insuffisante. La moitié des patientes pensent que cet évènement a eu une influence négative sur leur fertilité par la suite. Dans 4 cas sur 10 les patientes sont découragées. Et toutes ont peur que cela se reproduise. 9 patientes ont des doutes sur leur capacité à attendre un enfant en bonne santé.CONCLUSIONS : Notre travail permet de conclure à un manque d'information concernant l'avenir, contrairement aux attentes des patientes. La délivrance de l'information dans la langue maternelle des patientes permettra d'améliorer la qualité et la compréhension de l'information

Lérins, une île sainte de l’Antiquité au Moyen Âge. Études réunies par Yann Codou et Michel Lauwers, 2010

Crousillac Maylis. Lérins, une île sainte de l’Antiquité au Moyen Âge. Études réunies par Yann Codou et Michel Lauwers, 2010. In: Bibliothèque de l'école des chartes. 2010, tome 168, livraison 2. L’élaboration philologique et linguistique des Plus anciens documents linguistiques de la France, édition électronique pp. 593-595

Prise en charge de la douleur par excès de nociception chez le patient âgé (Intérêts pour le médecin traitant)

RENNES1-BU Santé (352382103) / SudocSudocFranceF