26 research outputs found
Genetic Polymorphisms in VEGFR Coding Genes (FLT1/KDR) on Ranibizumab Response in High Myopia and Choroidal Neovascularization Patients
A severe form of myopia defined as pathologic/high myopia is the main cause of visual
impairment and one of the most frequent causes of blindness worldwide. It is characterized by at
least 6 diopters or axial length (AL) of eyeball > 26 mm and choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in 5
to 10% of cases. Ranibizumab is a humanized recombinant monoclonal antibody fragment targeted
against human vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) used in the treatment of CNV. It
acts by preventing VEGF-A from interacting with its receptors (VEGFR-1 and -2) encoded by the
FLT1 and KDR genes. Several studies found that the KDR and FLT1 genotypes may represent predictive
determinants of efficacy in ranibizumab-treated neovascular age-related macular degeneration
(nAMD) patients. We performed a retrospective study to evaluate the association of single nucleotide
polymorphisms (SNPs) in VEGFR coding genes with the response rate to ranibizumab in patients
with high myopia and CNV. In the association study of genotypes in FLT1 with the response to
ranibizumab, we found a significant association between two FLT1 variants (rs9582036, rs7993418)
with ranibizumab efficacy at the 12-month follow-up. About the KDR gene, we found that two KDR
variants (rs2305948, rs2071559) are associated with best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) improvement
and KDR (rs2239702) is associated with lower rates of BCVA worsening considering a 12-month
follow-up period
Pharmacogenetic polymorphisms affecting bisoprolol response
This article is part of the thesis: Analysis of genetic variants associated
with response to bisoprolol in patients with acute coronary syndrome with
percutaneous coronary intervention with stent, within the doctoral program
in Pharmacy at the University of Granada, to whom we thank for their
collaboration.
We would like to thank Dr. T. Eschenhagen and Dr. K. Kontula for
sharing with us detailed information from their articles [16,22] which
have allowed us to perform the meta-analysis.β-blockers are commonly prescribed to treat multiple cardiovascular (CV) diseases, but, frequently, adverse drug
reactions and intolerance limit their use in clinical practice. Interindividual variability in response to β-blockers
may be explained by genetic differences. In fact, pharmacogenetic interactions for some of these drugs have been
widely studied, such as metoprolol. But studies that explore genetic variants affecting bisoprolol response are
inconclusive, limited or confusing because of mixed results with other β-Blockers, different genetic polymorphisms
observed, endpoint studied etc. Because of this, we performed a systematic review in order to find
relevant genetic variants affecting bisoprolol response. We have found genetic polymorphism in several genes,
but most of the studies focused in ADRB variants. The ADRB1 Arg389Gly (rs1801253) was the most studied
genetic polymorphism and it seems to influence the response to bisoprolol, although studies are inconclusive.
Even, we performed a meta-analysis about its influence on systolic/diastolic blood pressure in patients treated
with bisoprolol, but this did not show statistically significant results. In conclusion, many genetic polymorphisms
have been assessed about their influence on patients´ response to bisoprolol and the ADRB1 Arg389Gly
(rs1801253) seems the most relevant genetic polymorphism in this regard but results have not been confirmed
with a meta-analysis. Our results support the need of further studies about the impact of genetic variants on
bisoprolol response, considering different genetic polymorphisms and conducting single and multiple SNPs
analysis, including other clinical parameters related to bisoprolol response in a multivariate study
A new pharmacogenetic algorithm to predict the most appropriate dosage of acenocoumarol for stable anticoagulation in a mixed Spanish population
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.There is a strong association between genetic polymorphisms and the acenocoumarol dosage requirements. Genotyping the polymorphisms involved in the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of acenocoumarol before starting anticoagulant therapy would result in a better quality of life and a more efficient use of healthcare resources. The objective of this study is to develop a new algorithm that includes clinical and genetic variables to predict the most appropriate acenocoumarol dosage for stable anticoagulation in a wide range of patients. We recruited 685 patients from 2 Spanish hospitals and 1 primary healthcare center. We randomly chose 80% of the patients (n = 556), considering an equitable distribution of genotypes to form the generation cohort. The remaining 20% (n = 129) formed the validation cohort. Multiple linear regression was used to generate the algorithm using the acenocoumarol stable dosage as the dependent variable and the clinical and genotypic variables as the independent variables. The variables included in the algorithm were age, weight, amiodarone use, enzyme inducer status, international normalized ratio target range and the presence of CYP2C9∗2 (rs1799853), CYP2C9∗3 (rs1057910), VKORC1 (rs9923231) and CYP4F2 (rs2108622). The coefficient of determination (R2) explained by the algorithm was 52.8% in the generation cohort and 64% in the validation cohort. The following R2 values were evaluated by pathology: atrial fibrillation, 57.4%; valve replacement, 56.3%; and venous thromboembolic disease, 51.5%. When the patients were classified into 3 dosage groups according to the stable dosage (<11 mg/week, 11-21 mg/week, >21 mg/week), the percentage of correctly classified patients was higher in the intermediate group, whereas differences between pharmacogenetic and clinical algorithms increased in the extreme dosage groups. Our algorithm could improve acenocoumarol dosage selection for patients who will begin treatment with this drug, especially in extreme-dosage patients. The predictability of the pharmacogenetic algorithm did not vary significantly between diseases.This study was funded by a grant from the Spanish Ministry of Health and Social Policy (Instituto
de Salud Carlos III, PI07/0710) and the Andalusian Regional Ministry of Health (Progress and Health Foundation, PI-0717-2013
Treatment with tocilizumab or corticosteroids for COVID-19 patients with hyperinflammatory state: a multicentre cohort study (SAM-COVID-19)
Objectives: The objective of this study was to estimate the association between tocilizumab or corticosteroids and the risk of intubation or death in patients with coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) with a hyperinflammatory state according to clinical and laboratory parameters.
Methods: A cohort study was performed in 60 Spanish hospitals including 778 patients with COVID-19 and clinical and laboratory data indicative of a hyperinflammatory state. Treatment was mainly with tocilizumab, an intermediate-high dose of corticosteroids (IHDC), a pulse dose of corticosteroids (PDC), combination therapy, or no treatment. Primary outcome was intubation or death; follow-up was 21 days. Propensity score-adjusted estimations using Cox regression (logistic regression if needed) were calculated. Propensity scores were used as confounders, matching variables and for the inverse probability of treatment weights (IPTWs).
Results: In all, 88, 117, 78 and 151 patients treated with tocilizumab, IHDC, PDC, and combination therapy, respectively, were compared with 344 untreated patients. The primary endpoint occurred in 10 (11.4%), 27 (23.1%), 12 (15.4%), 40 (25.6%) and 69 (21.1%), respectively. The IPTW-based hazard ratios (odds ratio for combination therapy) for the primary endpoint were 0.32 (95%CI 0.22-0.47; p < 0.001) for tocilizumab, 0.82 (0.71-1.30; p 0.82) for IHDC, 0.61 (0.43-0.86; p 0.006) for PDC, and 1.17 (0.86-1.58; p 0.30) for combination therapy. Other applications of the propensity score provided similar results, but were not significant for PDC. Tocilizumab was also associated with lower hazard of death alone in IPTW analysis (0.07; 0.02-0.17; p < 0.001).
Conclusions: Tocilizumab might be useful in COVID-19 patients with a hyperinflammatory state and should be prioritized for randomized trials in this situatio
Activación conformacional inducida por DNA de la proteína RepA: estudios mediante espectroscopía de fluorescencia
La unión de la proteína iniciadora de la replicación del plásmido pPS10 (RepA) a las secuencias específicas del operador (IR) y de un iterón (1DR) había sido ya estudiadas en nuestro grupo por técnicas EMSA (Giraldo y
cols., 1998). Uno de los primeros objetivos en este trabajo radicaba en la caracterización espectroscópica del único residuo de triptófano (Trp94) de RepA para
explorar su potencialidad como sonda: i) en el estudio de la interacción de la
proteína con las secuencias del operador y de un iterón en disolución y ii)
donador en estudios de transferencia de energía en RepA. El estudio de estas interacciones tanto en soluciones ideales como en condiciones de aglomeración macromolecular mediante técnicas de espectroscopia de fluorescencia en estado estacionario y en resolución
temporal empleando una sonda fluorescente extrínseca. La estructura del dímero de RepA comparada con la del monómero del iniciador homólogo RepE muestra que la disociación de los dímeros en monómeros lleva consigo un cambio estructural, que se materializa en un
incremento en la estructura β-laminar a costa del componente α-helicoidal, compatible con los resultados espectroscópicos obtenidos previamente en nuestro laboratorio (Díaz-López, 2003; Giraldo y cols., 2003). Asimismo dicho cambio conformacional resulta en una alteración de la compacidad entre los dos dominios de RepA (Giraldo 98; 2004). Por lo tanto, nos propusimos estudiar estos cambios estructurales mediante técnicas FRET que
nos permitieran estimar distancias entre el Trp94 intrínseco de la proteína RepA (donador) y otros residuos de la misma marcados covalentemente con una sonda fluorescente (aceptor), tanto en el estado dimérico como en el monomérico
Genetic polymorphisms in ADRB1, ADRB2 and CYP2D6 genes and response to beta-blockers in patients with acute coronary syndrome
Betablockers (BBs) are prescribed for ischaemia in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). In Spain,
bisoprolol and carvedilol are the most prescribed BBs, but patients often had to discontinue them due to adverse
effects. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in ADRB1, ADRB2 and CYP2D6 genes have strong evidence of
pharmacogenetic association with BBs in heart failure or hypertension, but the evidence in ACS is limited.
Therefore, our study focuses on investigating how these genes influence the response to BBs in ACS patients. We
analysed the association between SNPs in ADRB1 Gly389Arg (rs1801253) and Ser49Gly (rs1801252), ADRB2
Gly16Arg (rs1042713) and Glu27Gln (rs1042714), and CYP2D* 6 (*2– rs1080985, *4- rs3892097, *10 –
rs1065852) and the occurrence of bradycardia/hypotension events during one year of follow-up. We performed
an observational study and included 285 ACS-PCI-stent patients. A first analysis including patients treated with
bisoprolol and a second analysis including patients treated with other BBs were performed. We found that the
presence of the G allele (Glu) of the ADRB2 gene (rs1042714; Glu27Gln) conferred a protective effect against
hypotension-induced by BBs; OR (CI 95%) = 0,14 (0,03 - 0,60), p < 0.01. The ADRB2 (rs1042713; Gly16Arg) GG
genotype could also prevent hypotensive events; OR (CI 95%) = 0.49 (0.28–0.88), p = 0015. SNPs in ADRB1 and
CYP2D6 * 2, CYP2D6 * 4 weren´t associated with primary events. The effect of CYP2D6 * 10 does not seem to be
relevant for the response to BBs. According to our findings, SNPs in ADRB2 (rs1042713, rs1042714) could
potentially affect the response and tolerance to BBs in ACS-patients. Further studies are necessary to clarify the
impact of ADRB2 polymorphisms
Pharmacogenetics in the Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases and Its Current Progress Regarding Implementation in the Clinical Routine.
There is a special interest in the implementation of pharmacogenetics in clinical practice, although there are some barriers that are preventing this integration. A large part of these pharmacogenetic tests are focused on drugs used in oncology and psychiatry fields and for antiviral drugs. However, the scientific evidence is also high for other drugs used in other medical areas, for example, in cardiology. In this article, we discuss the evidence and guidelines currently available on pharmacogenetics for clopidogrel, warfarin, acenocoumarol, and simvastatin and its implementation in daily clinical practice
Genetic Polymorphisms Affecting Ranibizumab Response in High Myopia Patients
This article includes results from a doctoral thesis being developed linked
to the doctoral program in Pharmacy at the University of Granada, to whom we thank for their
collaboration. We also would like to thank patients for their consent and collaboration in the study;
nurses and personnel of the ophthalmology unit in the “Hospital San Cecilio” (Granada) for their
kindly collaboration in the recruitment of patients; and personnel of the Genomics Unit in the
Pfizer—University of Granada—Junta de Andalucía Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research
(GENYO) for their excellent technical assistance.High myopia is an ophthalmic pathology that affects half of the young adults in the United States and Europe and it is predicted that a third of the world's population could be nearsighted at the end of this decade. It is characterized by at least 6 diopters or axial length > 26 mm and, choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in 5 to 11% of cases. Ranibizumab is a recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody fragment. It is an anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) drug used in the treatment of CNV. Many genetic polymorphisms have been associated with interindividual differences in the response to ranibizumab, but these associations were not yet assessed among patients with high myopia and CNV. We performed a retrospective study assessing the association of genetic polymorphisms with response to ranibizumab in patients with CNV secondary to high myopia (mCNV). We included genetic polymorphisms previously associated with the response to drugs used in CNV patients (bevacizumab, ranibizumab, aflibercept, and photodynamic therapy (PDT)). We also included genetic variants in the VEGFA gene. Based on our results, ARMS2 (rs10490924) and CFH (rs1061170) are associated with response to ranibizumab in high myopia patients; and, included VEGFA genetic polymorphisms are not associated with ranibizumab response in our population but might be related to a higher risk of CNV
Pharmacogenetics in the Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases and Its Current Progress Regarding Implementation in the Clinical Routine
The study protocol for a non-randomized controlled clinical trial using a genotype-guided strategy in a dataset of patients who undergone percutaneous coronary intervention with stent
This article contains data related to the research article entitled “Results of genotype–guided antiplatelet therapy in patients undergone percutaneous coronary intervention with stent” (J. Sánchez-Ramos, C.L. Dávila-Fajardo, P. Toledo Frías, X. Díaz Villamarín, L.J. Martínez-González, S. Martínez Huertas, F. Burillo Gómez, J. Caballero Borrego, A. Bautista Pavés, M.C. Marín Guzmán, J.A. Ramirez Hernández, C. Correa Vilches, J. Cabeza Barrera, 2016) (1). This data article reports, for the first time, about the non-randomized clinical trial protocol that check if CYP2C19/ABCB1 genotype–guided strategy in which the choice of antiplatelet therapy is based on the genetic test, reduces the rates of cardiovascular events and bleeding compared to a non-tailored strategy in patients undergone percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with stent. The data included in this article are: design and setting of the study, study population, inclusion and exclusion criteria, definition of the intervention, objectives, variables (baseline characteristics and during the follow-up), study procedures, collection and treatment of the biological sample, genotyping, withdrawal criteria, sample size, statistic analysis, ethical aspects, information sheet and consent form. The authors confirm that this study has been registered in Eudra CT (Eudra CT: 2016-001294-33).Ministry of Health of Government of Andalusia
PI-057/201