Glacial morphology and evolution in the Cornión Massif (Picos de Europa, Cantabrian Mountains)

[Resumen] En este artículo se analizan la morfología y las fases glaciares reconocibles en el Macizo Occidental de los Picos de Europa, a partir de los depósitos y formas erosivas conservadas, de las relaciones morfoestratigráficas entre dichas evidencias, así como de la realización de dataciones absolutas de C14 en secuencias sedimentarias asociadas. Los resultados del mismo son la identificación de cuatro fases glaciares principales desde la Última Glaciación: Fase de Máxima Extensión del Hielo (MEH, con ocho glaciares), Fase Interna (con ocho glaciares), Fase Glaciar de Altitud (Tardiglaciar, con 37 glaciares) y Fase de glaciares de fondo de circo (Pequeña Edad del Hielo, con tres glaciares). La superficie glaciada en cada una de ellas fue de 7.329,8, 5.842,9, 797,4 y 10 ha respectivamente. Para las dos primeras se han obtenido edades mínimas de 36.718±1.203 y 11.150±900 años cal BP. Se confirma nuevamente la antecedencia en la MEH dentro de la Última Glaciación de los glaciares generados en las Montañas Cantábricas con respecto al Último Máximo Glaciar Global[Abstract] This paper examines the glacial morphology and glacial stages of the Western Massif of the Picos de Europa, through the study of the preserved deposits and erosive landforms, the morphostratigraphic relationships between these evidences, as well as 14C datings in related sedimentary sequences. The main results are the identification of four main glacial stages since the Last Glaciation: Maximum Glacial Advance (eight glaciers), Glacial Expansion after the Maximum Advance (eight glaciers), Late Glacial (37 glaciers) and Little Ice Age (three glaciers). The glaciated surface in each of them was 7,329.8, 5,842.9, 797.4 and 10 ha, respectively. For the first two glacial stages, minimum ages of 36,718±1,203 and 11,150±900 years BP were obtained. As in previous studies, the asynchronicity between the Maximum Ice Extent within the Last Glaciation of the Cantabrian glaciers with respect to the global Last Glacial Maximum is confirme

Masia Freixa : Sala Muncunill : estudi històric, i anàlisi comparatiu

Primer introduïm una visió global del modernisme i a continuació, fem un petit resum sobre la situació de la ciutat a l’època per anarnos centrant, cada cop més, a l’entorn on Muncunill es desenvolupava. Una vegada feta aquesta introducció, ens situem en la vida i obra de Muncunill, per passar posteriorment a fer un anàlisi acurat dels edificis estudiats. La resta del treball ha consistit en la realització de l’aixecament gràfic, on no només ha estat important reflexar en els plànols les mides dels edificis, sinó dotar-los del caràcter que aquests ens transmetien. Per a fer això, ha estat bàsic entendre l’edifici, la seva construcció, evolució i entorn

The impact of the euro on euro area GDP per capita

Este artículo aborda la siguiente pregunta: ¿cuál habría sido el PIB per cápita del área del euro si no se hubiese creado la unión monetaria? Para intentar contestarla, utilizamos la metodología de control sintético [Abadie y Gardeázabal (2003) y Abadie et al. (2010)]. Nuestros resultados señalan que el euro no trajo consigo el salto esperado hacia una senda de crecimiento mayor del PIB per cápita. Durante los primeros años de la unión monetaria, el PIB per cápita del área avanzó ligeramente por encima de la senda predicha por su contrafactualpero desde mediados del 2000 estas ganancias desaparecieron completamente. Los países de Europa central —Alemania, Países Bajos y Austria— siguieron una pauta muy similar a la del agregado. Sin embargo, entre los países de la periferia obtenemos resultados heterogéneos. Irlanda, España y Grecia registraron ganancias positivas y significativas, aunque solo durante los años de expansión inmediatamente posteriores al lanzamiento del euro. Por su parte, Italia y Portugal registraron desde el primer momento una senda de PIB per cápita inferior a la prevista por sus contrafactuales. En el estudio se comprueba la robustez de la estimación sintética no solo a la exclusión de países de la bolsa de donantes, sino también tanto a la exclusión como a la reducción del número de variables explicativas del PIB per cápitaThis paper poses the following question: what would euro area GDP per capita have been, had the monetary union not been launched? To this end we use the synthetic control methodology. We find that the euro did not bring the expected jump to a permanent higher growth path. During the early years of the monetary union, aggregate GDP per capita in the euro area rose slightly above the path predicted by its counterfactualbut since the mid- 2000s, these gains have been completely eroded. Central European countries – Germany, the Netherlands and Austria – did not seem to obtain any gains or losses from the adoption of the euro. Ireland, Spain and Greece registered positive and significant gains, but only during the expansionary years that followed the launch of the euro, while Italy and Portugal quickly lagged behind the GDP per capita predicted by their counterfactual. We test the robustness of the synthetic estimation not only to the exclusion of any particular country from the donor pool but also to the omission of each of the selected determinants of GDP per capita and to the reduction of the dimensions in the optimisation programme, namely the number of GDP determinant

Transformaciones de la penalidad migratoria en el contexto de la crisis económica: El giro gerencial del dispositivo de deportación.

[spa] Durante la primera década del siglo XXI, España fue un destino prioritario de las migraciones internacionales. Los distintos gobiernos gestionaron este fenómeno mediante la puesta en marcha de un conjunto de medidas de control, sustancialmente orientadas a erigir fronteras exteriores e interiores. No obstante, la extensión de la crisis económica ha conducido a reajustar el sistema de control migratorio en su conjunto. Este texto pretende analizar las racionalidades que subyacen a la actual transformación de las políticas en este campo. A estos efectos, estudia las implicaciones del giro gerencial en el dispositivo de deportación, y concluye delineando un conjunto de reformas normativas sustentadas en un paradigma de derechos humanos.[eng] Over the first decade of the current century Spain was a primary destination of international migrations. Spanish governments managed this phenomenon by implementing a number of control measures, largely aimed at walling external and internal borders. However, the persistence of the economic crisis has led to the readjustment of the whole system of migration control. This article intends to grasp the underlying rationales of the current transformation of the Spanish policies of bordered penality. It scrutinizes the implications of the managerial turn of the Spanish apparatus of deportation and concludes by outlining a range of legal reforms grounded on a human rights perspective

Photocatalytic behavior of silver vanadates: Microemulsion synthesis and post-reaction characterization

Silver vanadates with light absorption properties in the visible region were successfully prepared by a low temperature pathway (not exceeding 110°C) using an optimized microemulsion methodology. The resulting materials were evaluated as photocatalysts in Rhodamine B photodegradation and characterized before and after reaction. The silver vanadates displayed silver metallic nanoparticles decorating the surface. The as-prepared Ag3VO4 catalyst was the most active. Nevertheless, this silver vanadate suffered important changes during reaction. The initial structure evolves yielding a silver pyrovanadate, Ag4-V2O7, with a concomitant increase of the number and size of the silver metallic nanoparticles. The synergy between these Ag0 particles and the photoactivity of the Ag4V2O7 phase seems responsible of the high photoactivity of this materialThe authors thank the funding from MICINN Project CTQ2010-14872/BQ

How we are portrayed, is that what we are?

Estudio descriptivo que utiliza como fuente de datos material bibliográfico y digital. Tiene por objeto analizar la visión que de la enfermería tiene la sociedad y el papel desarrollado por la profesión enfermera en el ámbito cotidiano. Se constata el escaso impacto de nuestra profesión como autora de artículos de difusión popular en el ámbito de la Educación para la Salud, así como la visión romántica o frívola que la literatura contemporánea y los medios de comunicación ofrecen de la enfermería, como reflejo de una opinión pública muy extendida.Descriptive study using literature and digital material as sources, its aim is to analyse the perception society has of nursing and the role nurses play in daily life. The scarce impact of our profession as authors of dissemination articles in the field of Health Education is a fact. So is the romantic or frivolous view of Nursing that current literature and mass media offer, as a reflection of common public opinion

Coronavirus and Immigration Detention in Europe: The Short Summer of Abolitionism?

[Abstract] In managing the coronavirus pandemic, national authorities worldwide have implemented significant re-bordering measures. This has even affected regions that had dismantled bordering practices decades ago, e.g., EU areas that lifted internal borders in 1993. In some national cases, these new arrangements had unexpected consequences in the field of immigration enforcement. A number of European jurisdictions released significant percentages of their immigration detention populations in spring 2020. The Spanish administration even decreed a moratorium on immigration detention and closed down all detention facilities from mid-spring to late summer 2020. The paper scrutinises these unprecedented changes by examining the variety of migration enforcement agendas adopted by European countries and the specific forces contributing to the prominent detention decline witnessed in the first months of the pandemic. Drawing on the Spanish case, the paper reflects on the potential impact of this promising precedent on the gradual consolidation of social and racial justice-based migration policies

A Changing and Multi-scalar EU Borderscape: the Expansion of Asylum and the Normalisation of the Deportation of EU and EFTA Citizens

[Abstract] The sorting of individuals is one critical function performed by migration law. These legal regulations are based on dichotomies, such as separating irregular migrants from regular migrants. However, through the multi-scalar management of human mobility, the conflicting coexistence of national and supranational interests decentres these legal binaries. Therefore, migration law devices sort newcomers in a more complex way, giving shape to multilayered and unstable hierarchies of otherness. Using Spain as a case study on migration control changes, this paper addresses the role that migration law enforcement institutions play in cementing and eroding these legal categories. First, it analyses the consequences of the so-called ‘migration crisis’ in enlarging a European asylum system that, until recently, seemingly rests on few countries. Second, it examines the increasing normalisation of the forced return of European Union (EU) (and European Free Trade Association [EFTA]) nationals, which undermine a critical prerogative of the EU citizenship status

Cannabis Use and Emotional Intelligence in Adolescents during COVID-19 Confinement: A Social Network Analysis Approach

[EN] Confinement by COVID-19 had negative consequences on adolescent mental health, including increased cannabis use. Cannabis is related to variables that influence health and well-being. Emotional Intelligence is associated with adaptive coping styles, peer relationships, and social–emotional competencies. In adolescence, peer selection plays a unique role in the initiation of substance use. However, there are no studies during a confinement stage that analyse the relationships between networks, Emotional Intelligence, and cannabis use. The aim of this paper is to describe and analyse the consumption and friendship networks of an adolescent classroom and their relationship with Emotional Intelligence, cannabis use, and gender during COVID-19 confinement. Participants completed different questionnaires for Emotional Intelligence, cannabis use, and the consumption and friendship network. The sample consisted of 21 students from 10th grade, of which 47.6% were consumers. The friendship network correlates with the consumption network, and significant associations between emotional repair and being a cannabis user. The regression model points to the friendship network as a significant variable in predicting the classroom use network. This study highlights the role of the Social Network Analysis in predicting consumption networks during a COVID-19 confinement stage and serves as a tool for cannabis use prevention interventions in a specific population.S