Added-value chemicals from lignin oxidation

Lignin is the second most abundant component, next to cellulose, in lignocellulosic biomass. Large amounts of this polymer are produced annually in the pulp and paper industries as a coproduct from the cooking process-most of it burned as fuel for energy. Strategies regarding lignin valorization have attracted significant attention over the recent decades due to lignin’s aromatic structure. Oxidative depolymerization allows converting lignin into added-value compounds, as phenolic monomers and/or dicarboxylic acids, which could be an excellent alternative to aromatic petrochemicals. However, the major challenge is to enhance the reactivity and selectivity of the lignin structure towards depolymerization and prevent condensation reactions. This review includes a comprehensive overview of the main contributions of lignin valorization through oxidative depolymerization to produce added-value compounds (vanillin and syringaldehyde) that have been developed over the recent decades in the LSRE group. An evaluation of the valuable products obtained from oxidation in an alkaline medium with oxygen of lignins and liquors from different sources and delignification processes is also provided. A review of C4 dicarboxylic acids obtained from lignin oxidation is also included, emphasizing catalytic conversion by O2 or H2O2 oxidation.This work was financially supported by Base Funding—UIDB/50020/2020 and Programmatic- UIDP/50020/2020 Funding of the Associate Laboratory LSRE-LCM—funded by national funds through FCT/MCTES (PIDDAC) and Base Funding—UIDB/00690/2020 of CIMO— Centro de Investigação de Montanha—funded by national funds through FCT/MCTES (PIDDAC). COST Action LignoCOST (CA17128). Carlos Vega-Aguilar thanks the Costa Rican Science, Technology and Telecommunications Ministry for the PhD. Scholarship MICITT-PINN-CON-2-1-4-17-1-002.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Microwave-assisted lignin wet peroxide oxidation to C4 dicarboxylic acids

Innovative methodologies, such as microwaveassisted reaction, can help to valorize lignin with higher productivity and better energy efficiency. In this work, microwave heating was tested in the wet peroxide oxidation of three lignins (Indulin AT, Lignol, and Eucalyptus globulus lignins) as a novel methodology to obtain C4 dicarboxylic acids. The effect of temperature, time, and catalyst type (TS-1 or Fe-TS1) was evaluated in the production of these acids. The TS-1 catalyst improved succinic acid yield, achieving up to 9.4 wt % for Lignol lignin. Moreover, the microwave heating specifically enhanced Lignol conversion to malic acid (34 wt %), even without catalyst, showing to be an attractive path for the future valorization of organosolv lignins. Overall, compared to conventional heating, microwave heating originated a rapid lignin conversion. Nevertheless, for prolonged times, conventional heating led to better results for some target products, e.g., malic and succinic acids.This work was financially supported by Base Funding UIDB/50020/2020 of the Associate Laboratory LSRE-LCM funded by national funds through FCT/MCTES (PIDDAC); Base Funding UIDB/00690/2020 of CIMO-Centro de Investigação de Montanha funded by national funds through FCT/MCTES (PIDDAC). COST Action LignoCOST (CA17128). C.A.V.-A. thanks the Costa Rican Science, Technology and Telecommunications Ministry for the Ph.D. Scholarship MICITT-PINN-CON-2-1-4-17-1-002. The authors thank Dr. Maria José Sampaio and Prof. Dr. Joaquim Faria (LA LSRE-LCM) for the help with the FTIR measurements.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Tratamento cirúrgico do exoftalmo endócrino por remoção da gordura orbitária: experiência clínica

PURPOSE: To report a series of 73 patients with endocrine exophthalmos treated by removal of orbital fat using the transpalpebral approach during the period 1989 to 1999. METHODS: The operation was performed according to the technique described by Olivari. Aesthetic analysis was done preoperatively and postoperatively (more than 6 months after surgery). The number of complications was also observed. RESULTS: The average volume of resected fat was approximately 7.6 mL per orbit. No major complication was observed. In 9 patients with epiphora, all improved. One patient developed postoperative diplopia and 5 complained of temporary diplopia. Appearance improved in 62 patients (85%). CONCLUSION: Surgical removal of orbital fat associated with endocrine exophthalmos provides consistent improvement in appearance with a low rate of complications. Additional procedures may be indicated to improve the cosmetic outcome.OBJETIVO: Apresentamos uma série de 73 pacientes com exoftalmo endócrino tratados pela Divisão de Cirurgia Plástica do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, através da remoção da gordura orbitária usando acesso transpalpebral, durante o período de 1989 a 1999. MÉTODOS: A avaliação foi realizada através de análise estética, no pré e no pós-operatório (maior do que seis meses). O número de complicações também foi mensurado. Nove pacientes apresentaram epífora, todos com melhora espontânea. Um paciente desenvolveu diplopia no pós-operatório, e cinco apresentaram diplopia temporária. A aparência melhorou em 62 pacientes (85%). Uma retroposição média de 2,74 mm foi observada, apesar de o método não ser mais considerado relevante para avaliação de exoftalmo. CONCLUSÃO: Esta abordagem, ainda não usada rotineiramente no Brasil, constitui uma nova via de acesso para o tratamento do exoftalmo endócrino. Os resultados foram consistentes, com baixo índice de complicações. Outros procedimentos devem sempre ser realizados, visando à melhora dos resultados estéticos

Successful orthodontic and surgical treatment of a patient with Class III malocclusion: a clinical case report

Introduction: Class III malocclusion affects between 5% and 15% of the entire Brazilian population. Objective: The present study aimed to present a clinical case report of the ortho-surgical treatment of a patient with class III malocclusion, showing the follow-up of the good evolution of the treatment and the improvement of the patient's quality of life. Case Report: The patient EOMO, male and 53 years old, presented class III and on 02/03/2003 the patient submitted the orthodontic documentation. The first phase was the surgical expansion of the maxilla, orthodontic treatment of alignment, and maxillomandibular leveling. The second phase was maxillary advancement and mandible reduction surgery. On 07/31/2003, EOMO decided to undergo orthodontics and the indicated surgeries. Today, after years of treatment and surgeries, EOMO lives well and his appearance has improved 100%, and today he lives with a good quality of life. Final considerations: According to the clinical case presented, the treatment of Class III must be fundamentally based on the diagnosis so that the treatment is installed to correct the compromised structures instead of being compensated in places not affected by this malocclusion, that is, it must The degree of involvement of the maxilla and mandible must be evaluated so that the treatment is directed to that bone base and achieves its objectives and impacts of facial improvement. Redirection of growth in Class III cases is indicated as soon as the anomaly is diagnosed, as the displacement processes that occur in the midface can only be affected with treatment as long as the growth zones can respond to the biomechanical stimulus. Therefore, the younger the Class III patient is treated, the better the facial correction effects will be

A reflection on post-coloniality, decolonization and virtual museums. The case of the Virtual Museum of Lusofonia

O artigo trata de questionamentos sobre políticas culturais e formas de musealização, e como tais questões se adaptam ao processo de virtualiza ção dos museus cuja intermediação dos bens simbólicos e culturais torna mais complexa a compreensão do fenômeno. Como referencial teórico, utiliza-se da pós-colonialidade e decolonialidade, que apontam como o discurso originado nos impérios coloniais deve ser superado, e a interculturalidade, com a qual se des monta os discursos de ódio e favorece as trocas simbólicas efetivas entre o Norte e o Sul globais. Finalmente, traz-se considerações sobre consumo cultural circuns crito aos espaços museológicos, especificamente em museus virtuais, tendo como caso de estudo o Museu Virtual da Lusofonia (MVL), ambiente organizado se gundo conceito pós-colonial da lusofonia, e que recentemente compõe um dos museus do Google Arts & Culture.The article deals with questions about cultural policies and forms of musealization and how these issues adapt to the virtualization process of museums, whose intermediation of symbolic and cultural goods makes understanding the phenomenon more complex. As a theoretical framework, it uses the post-coloniality and decoloniality, which point out how the discourse originated in colonial empires must be overcome, and interculturality, which dismantles hate speech and favors effective symbolic exchanges between the global North and South. Finally, it brings considerations about cultural consumption circumscribed to museological spaces, specifically in virtual museums, which the case study is the Virtual Museum of Lusophony (MVL), an environment organized according to the post-colonial concept of Lusophony, and which recently composes one of the museums from Google Arts & Culture

Water regimes and phosphorus levels on coffee plants

O trabalho objetivou estudar os crescimentos vegetativo e reprodutivo e a produtividade de cafeeiro sob três regimes hídricos e quatro doses de adubação fosfatada, no segundo ano após a poda, em solo de Cerrado. A cultivar utilizada foi a Catuaí Rubi MG 1192, Coffea arabica L., com 7.143 plantas ha-1. Os regimes hídricos aplicados foram: sem suspensão da irrigação, feita o ano todo (I); e a partir de 24/6/07, com suspensão da irrigação por 70 dias (SI70); e com suspensão da irrigação por 109 dias (SI109). Os tratamentos SI70 e SI109 foram interrompidos por uma chuva de 12 mm (1.º/10/07), que visualmente induziu a floração. As quatro doses anuais de adubação fosfatada foram: 0 (P0), 100 (P100), 200 (P200) e 400 (P400) kg de P2O5 ha-1. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos completos ao acaso com o regime hídrico na parcela e a dose de fósforo na subparcela, com três repetições. As doses de fósforo (P200) e (P400) proporcionaram aumento no comprimento e área foliar de ramos, número de frutos e na produtividade de grãos. Os regimes hídricos SI70 e SI109 proporcionaram as maiores porcentagens de frutos cereja e a maior e menor produtividade de grãos respectivamente.This work aimed to study the vegetative and reproductive growth and yield of coffee plants under three water regimes and four phosphorus fertilization doses, on second year after pruning on cerrado soil. The cultivar used was Catuai Rubi, MG 1192, Coffea arabica L. with 7,143 plants ha-1. Water regimes were: all year round irrigation (I); after June 24th, 2007, irrigation was stopped for 70 days (SI70) and for 109 days (SI109). Treatments SI70 e SI109 were interrupted with a rainfall of 12 mm (October 1st, 2007), which visually caused flowering initiation. The four phosphorus doses were: 0 (P0), 100 (P100), 200 (P200) e 400 (P400) kg of P2O5 ha-1. The experiment was arranged in randomized complete block design for water regime with phosphorus doses as split plot and three replications. The highest doses of phosphorus (P200) and (P400) provided increases in branch length, leaf area, number of fruits and grain yield. Water regimes SI70 and SI109 provided higher cherry fruit percentage and the highest and lowest grain yield, respectively

Bloodstream infections in febrile neutropenic children with cancer

Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Pediat Oncol Inst, Dept Pediat, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Pediat Oncol Inst, Dept Infect Dis, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Pediat Oncol Inst, Dept Pediat, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Pediat Oncol Inst, Dept Infect Dis, São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc

Cytotoxicity of glass ionomer cements containing silver nanoparticles

Background: Some studies have investigated the possibility of incorporating silver nanoparticles (NAg) into dental materials to improve their antibacterial properties. However, the potential toxic effect of this material on pulp cells should be investigated in order to avoid additional damage to the pulp tissue. This study evaluated the cytotoxicity of conventional and resin-modified glass ionomer cements (GIC) with and without addition of NAg. Material and Methods: NAg were added to the materials at two different concentrations by weight: 0.1% and 0.2%. Specimens with standardized dimensions were prepared, immersed in 400 μL of culture medium and incubated at 37°C and 5% CO2 for 48 h to prepare GIC liquid extracts, which were then incubated in contact with cells for 48 h. Culture medium and 0.78% NAg solution were used as negative and positive controls, respectively. Cell viability was determined by MTT and Trypan Blue assays. ANOVA and the Tukey test (α=0.05) were used for statistical analyses. Results: Both tests revealed a significant decrease in cell viability in all groups of resin modified cements ( p ˂0.001). There were no statistically significant differences between groups with and without NAg ( p ˃0.05). The differences in cell viability between any group of conventional GIC and the negativ e control were not statistically significant ( p >0.05). Conclusions: NAg did not affect the cytotoxicity of the GIC under evaluatio

Corneal Ulcer in a Sheep - Treatment with Third Eyelid Flap

Background: Corneal ulcers are frequently reported in the literature in several species, however, the treatment of traumatic lesions on the corneal surface of ruminants is still poorly described.  The use of the third eyelid flap is questioned when applied to deep ulcers, since the technique prevents the evolutionary follow-up of corneal healing and compromises care. However, several authors report its successful use for the treatment of superficial and deep corneal ulcers. This technique protects the ocular surface and prevents the occurrence of new lesions or their aggravation. The aim of this study was to report the treatment of corneal ulcers in sheep through the third eyelid flap associated with the use of topical antibiotics.Case: A 2-year-old Dorper sheep, with ocular discomfort, conjunctival hyperemia and mucopurulent secretion in the left eye, was assisted in a private rural property in the West region of Bahia, Brazil. The owner reported that before seeking veterinary help he used a spray based on oxytetracycline and hydrocortisone, which worsened the animal's condition. Upon inspection, it was observed eyelid asymmetry, slight lateralization of the head to the left, periorbital alopecia on the left face, intense blepharospasm in the left eye, with projection of the third eyelid occurring at times. The ophthalmic examination was performed after application of anesthetic eye drops based on proxymetacaine to reduce eye discomfort. A corneal stromal lesion, edema and fibrovascular tissue in the left eye were identified, but the cause of the lesion was not defined, with lagophthalmia, entropion, dystychiasis or ectopic cilia being ruled out. So, it was suggested that the lesion had occurred by a foreign body, such as dust or feed fiber.  The contralateral eye showed no changes, Schirmer 15 mm, no changes in sensory and sensory reflexes and negative fluorescein. No signal clinical disease. Due to the severity of the lesion, it was performed a third eyelid flap associated with drug treatment with ciprofloxacin eye drops, every 8 h for 21 days. The animal was placed in the right lateral decubitus position and palpebral akinesia was achieved with the application of 2 mL lidocaine without vasoconstrictor in the region of the auriculopalpebral nerve. This was followed by the routine performance of the third eyelid flap.Discussion: The delay in seeking veterinary care and the application of spray based on oxytetracycline and hydrocortisone aggravated the lesion, since the corticosteroid delays corneal healing and favors the aggravation of the lesion. After desensitization of the cornea, the animal allowed eye manipulation and it was possible to observe the lesion and choose the best treatment, with option for the third eyelid flap because it is a simple and fast technique, does not require special equipment or materials, ideal for performed in the field and is widely used in the treatment of injuries involving the cornea and, besides that, helps to contain corneal perforation and protect the ocular surface. Corneal debridement was also performed to remove necrotic debris and improve drug action, in addition to using broad-spectrum antibiotic eye drops until complete regeneration of the lesion. Twenty-one days after the surgical procedure, the patient had no ocular discomfort, the flap was removed and no changes in the corneal surface were observed. The treatment was considered satisfactory for the healing of the corneal ulcer, guaranteed the esthetics and visual function of the sheep.Keywords: keratitis, surgery, ciprofloxacin, ocular, ruminant

Innovation in business through big data analytics

This work refers to a conceptual paper that sought to discuss through bibliographies, the subjects of innovation and Big Data. The question that based this study was to verify the bibliographical evidence of innovation with Big Data analytics on platforms in companies. The subjects focused in this research are related to Big Data, innovation Platform and Big Data Analytics and are related to the intention to demonstrate the use and application of Big Data in enterprises. The results show that companies need to be prepared with a strategy for innovation through innovation platform for efficient use of the large amount of data available so that companies sustains innovation through Big Data. The contributions of this work are aimed at advancing the debate of a topic still on the rise and the practical use of this tool as a competitive advantage for companies