As múltiplas faces da imprensa regional portuguesa: o jornalismo regional no contexto da comunicação comunitária

The main objective of this paper is to analyze the means of proximity (regional, local) as privileged actors in the development of an interaction with the public to act as construction of general welfare. The sustainable development of the community is discussed from the communitarian, participatory and deliberative views, originated from the European and American tradition, as well as from the theoretical framework of the Latin American community communication, which developed its own approach. The promotion of a dialogue between public and media is discussed, understood as social actors committed to the promotion of development, though not coincident in their concession on it. The proximity articulates with concepts such as those of 'community', 'civil society', 'development' and 'citizenship', which help to structure the analysis of struggles and processes of discussion on models of development. However, it is recognized that the regional media have specific settings that show a tension between the roots of the community and its organizational nature. Thus, throughout the text, is resorted to a study case prepared in Portugal along with several regional means to illustrate this tension.O principal objetivo deste ensaio é analisar os meios de proximidade - regionais, locais - enquanto atores privilegiados para o desenvolvimento de uma interação com os públicos que funcione como construção do bem-estar coletivo. O desenvolvimento sustentado da comunidade é discutido a partir das perspectivas comunitaristas, participativas e deliberativas oriundas da tradição europeia e norte-americana e, também, a partir do marco teórico da comunicação comunitária latino-americana, que desenvolveu uma abordagem própria. Advoga-se a promoção de um diálogo entre públicos e media entendidos como atores sociais comprometidos com a promoção do desenvolvimento, ainda que não coincidentes nas suas concepções sobre o mesmo. A proximidade articula-se com conceitos como sejam os de «comunidade», «sociedade civil», «desenvolvimento» e «cidadania» os quais ajudam a estruturar a análise de lutas e processos de debate em torno de modelos de desenvolvimento. Porém, reconhece-se que os meios regionais possuem configurações particulares que denotam uma tensão entre o seu enraizamento comunitário e a sua natureza organizacional. Assim, ao longo do texto recorre-se a um estudo de caso elaborado em Portugal junto de vários meios regionais para ilustrar essa tensão

Deliberative journalism and citizenship: principles and practices in the Portuguese regional press

FR: Quelle est la perception que les journalistes ont du rôle des lecteurs dans la vie démocratique? Quel rôle jouent les journalistes par rapport à l'espace public et le débat politique? L'objectif global de cette étude consiste à enquêter la relation entre la presse locale, les citoyens et les pratiques civiques. Il a comme point de départ une double approche théorique, la théorie de la démocratie délibérative et le mouvement du journalisme publique, afin d'évaluer le champ d'application d'une conception du «journalisme délibérative." Dans le projet "Agenda des citoyens: journalisme et participation politique dans les médias portugais", un questionnaire a été donné à 45 journalistes de huit journaux régionaux au Portugal. Les résultats révèlent qu, bien que les journalistes apprécient les principes qui sous-tendent le mouvement du journalisme public et délibérative (ce qui suggère que la conscience délibérative émerge), ils expriment aussi une orientation journalistique conventionnelle.What is the perception that journalists have about the citizens' role in democratic life? What is the role of journalists in relation to public sphere and political debate? The main goal of this study is to investigate the relationship between the local press, citizens and civic practices. It takes as starting point a dual theoretical approach, the theory of deliberative democracy and the movement of public journalism, to assess the scope of a conception of "deliberative journalism." Under the project "Citizens' Agenda: journalism and political participation in the Portuguese media ", a questionnaire was delivered to 45 journalists from eight regional newspapers in Portugal. The results show that although the journalists appreciate the principles underlying the public and deliberative journalism movements (which suggests that a deliberative consciousness is emerging), also express an conventional journalism approach

O CENÁRIO DO JORNALISMO NO ECOSSISTEMA DIGITAL: O ESTUDO DE CASO DO JORNAL EXPRESSO // JOURNALISM SCENARIO IN THE DIGITAL ECOSYSTEM: THE EXPRESSO NEWSPAPER CASE STUDY

Alicerçado na teoria sobre a nova ecologia dos meios, busca-se mostrar as diferenças entre o ecossistema digital e o tradicional, apresentando um diagnóstico do cenário econômico do jornalismo em dispositivos ubíquos (smartphones, phablets e tablets) a partir de uma abordagem conceitual alinhada à pesquisa (de campo) realizada com compradores do Jornal Expresso, semanário português. O objetivo é compreender em que medida os consumidores estão dispostos a pagar por conteúdo jornalístico online – e até mesmo substituir a compra do papel pela versão puramente digital – e o que predispõe as pessoas a pagarem por conteúdo jornalístico, em especial via smartphones e/ou phablets e/ou tablets. Pretende-se testar a hipótese de que as pessoas estão dispostas a pagar, mas dependendo do tipo de conteúdo, da qualidade da informação e fonte, da facilidade de pagamento ou do preço. Nesta reflexão teórico-prática, compreende-se em que medida as novas tecnologias competem com as antigas assim como o processo de “coopetição”, em que equipes de meios diferentes (impresso, televisão, rádio, internet) promovem e compartilham informação, mas com certa desconfiança limitando o grau de cooperação e interação

Comunicação, novos media e direitos humanos: o reconhecimento na era da globalização digital

Este trabalho procede a uma discussão teórica sobre articulações entre a Comunicação, as novas tecnologias e novos media e os direitos humanos, invocando a dimensão central da primeira na constituição das identidades e na construção social da realidade. Na perspectiva adotada, a comunicação como um processo relacional de criação e partilha de significados; o lugar dos novos media como dispositivos tecnológicos que podem ser enquadrados em redes sociais mais vastas ou, ao invés, considerados como meramente instrumentais e, ainda, a afirmação dos direitos humanos enquanto resultado de um reconhecimento intersubjetivo são três dimensões a considerar como corolário de um processo político-discursivo que emerge no interior de esferas públicas plurais e que mantém estreita vinculação conceitual entre si. Nesse sentido, critica-se a dimensão hegemônica na reflexão sobre a internet e as redes sociais que frequentemente reconfigurou estas como centradas num cidadão inovador e criativo liberto de constrangimentos sociais, omitindo as ambivalências inerentes aos processos comunicativos

Modulation of iron metabolism in aging and in Alzheimer's disease: relevance of the choroid plexus

Iron is essential for mammalian cellular homeostasis. However, in excess, it promotes free radical formation and is associated with aging-related progressive deterioration and with neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). There are no mechanisms to excrete iron, which makes iron homeostasis a very tightly regulated process at the level of the intestinal absorption. Iron is believed to reach the brain through receptor-mediated endocytosis of iron-bound transferrin by the brain barriers, the blood-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) barrier, formed by the choroid plexus (CP) epithelial cells and the blood-brain barrier (BBB) formed by the endothelial cells of the brain capillaries. Importantly, the CP epithelial cells are responsible for producing most of the CSF, the fluid that fills the brain ventricles and the subarachnoid space. Recently, the finding that the CP epithelial cells display all the machinery to locally control iron delivery into the CSF may suggest that the general and progressive senescence of the CP may be at the basis of the impairment of regional iron metabolism, iron-mediated toxicity, and the increase in inflammation and oxidative stress that occurs with aging and, particularly, in AD.Sandro D. Mesquita and Ana C. Ferreira are recipients of fellowships from the Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT, Portugal). Fernanda Marques and Nadine C. Santos are recipients of postdoctoral fellowships by the Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT, Portugal) and the Switchbox project (European Commission FP7 initiative grant HEALTH-F2-2010-259772), respectively

Effect of root canal sealer and artificial accelerated aging on fibreglass post bond strength to intraradicular dentin

Objectives: To evaluate the effect of root canal sealers (RCS) and specimen aging on the bond strength of fibre posts to bovine intraradicular dentin. Material and Methods: 80 teeth were used according the groups - Sealapextm, Sealer 26®, AH Plus® and speci - mens aging - test with no aging and with aging. The canals prepared were fi lled using one of each RCS. The posts were cemented. Roots were cross-sectioned to obtain two slices of each third. Samples were submitted to push-out test. Failure mode was evaluated under a confocal microscope. The data were analysed by ANOVA, Tukey's, and Dunnet tests (? = 0.05). Results: No signi fi cant difference was detected among RCS. Aged control presented higher bond strength than immediate control. The aging did not result significant difference. Adhesive cement-dentin failure was prevalent in all groups. Conclusions: RCS interfered negatively with bonding of fibreglass posts cemented with self-adhesive resin cement to intraradicular dentin

Gastroenterite aguda em crianças internadas na área de Lisboa

Introdução: A Gastroenterite Aguda (GEA) é uma patologia com importante morbilidade sendo a segunda causa de internamento na idade pediátrica. Objetivo: Caracterizar a GEA, em crianças internadas em dois hospitais da área de Lisboa com diferentes características demográficas. Métodos: Estudo prospetivo de Maio 2011 a Junho 2012. Pesquisados potenciais agentes etiológicos por técnicas convencionais e de biologia molecular em amostras de fezes e analisados dados epidemiológicos e clínicos. Resultados: Total de 140 amostras de crianças com GEA com identificação do agente em 83,6%: 64,3% vírus, 27,9% parasitas e 21,4% bactérias. Os agentes mais frequentes foram rotavírus (26,4%), norovírus II (13,6%), enterovírus (12,1%), Microsporidia (11,4%), Escherichia coli (9,3%), Campylobacter jejuni (7,9%), Giardia sp. (5,7%), Cryptosporidium sp. (5%) e Salmonella sp. (4,3%). Coinfecções (2 ou mais agentes) em 40 doentes (28,6%). Mediana de idade de 1,4 anos (min-5 dias; max-17 anos) sendo a etiologia viral mais frequente abaixo dos 5 anos (p<0.01), com o rotavírus identificado em crianças mais jovens (média=1,7 anos). Dois picos sazonais: o rotavírus entre Janeiro e Março e norovírus entre Agosto e Outubro. Apenas 10 (7,1%) doentes estavam vacinados para rotavírus, mas nenhum com o esquema completo. A presença de sangue nas fezes (p=0.02) e a febre (p=0.039) foram mais frequentes na infeção bacteriana, os vómitos (p<0.01) e os sintomas respiratórios (p=0.046) na infeção por rotavírus. Registaram-se complicações clínicas em 50 doentes (35,7%): desidratação (47), invaginação íleo-cecal (1), adenite mesentérica (1) e apendicite fleimonosa (1). Conclusão: Os vírus são os agentes mais frequentes de GEA sobretudo na criança pequena (idade <5 anos), sendo o rotavírus e norovírus os principais agentes. O número de coinfecções foi significativo mas não se associou a maior morbilidade. A ausência de identificação de agente em alguns casos pode refletir a necessidade de outros meios diagnósticos ou a existência de agentes ainda desconhecidos

The choroid plexus transcriptome reveals changes in type I and II interferon responses in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a marked decline in cognition and memory function. Increasing evidence highlights the essential role of neuroinflammatory and immune-related molecules, including those produced at the brain barriers, on brain immune surveillance, cellular dysfunction and amyloid beta (Aß) pathology in AD. Therefore, understanding the response at the brain barriers may unravel novel pathways of relevance for the pathophysiology of AD. Herein, we focused on the study of the choroid plexus (CP), which constitutes the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier, in aging and in AD. Specifically, we used the PDGFB-APPSwInd (J20) transgenic mouse model of AD, which presents early memory decline and progressive Aß accumulation, and littermate age-matched wild-type (WT) mice, to characterize the CP transcriptome at 3, 5-6 and 11-12months of age. The most striking observation was that the CP of J20 mice displayed an overall overexpression of type I interferon (IFN) response genes at all ages. Moreover, J20 mice presented a high expression of type II IFN genes in the CP at 3months, which became lower than WT at 5-6 and 11-12months. Importantly, along with a marked memory impairment and increased glial activation, J20 mice also presented a similar overexpression of type I IFN genes in the dorsal hippocampus at 3months. Altogether, these findings provide new insights on a possible interplay between type I and II IFN responses in AD and point to IFNs as targets for modulation in cognitive decline.The authors would like to acknowledge Pedro Moreira, Madalena Esteves and Dr. Patricio Costa (all from the ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory) for comments and scientific input regarding the statistical analysis of this study. Sandro Da Mesquita and Ana C. Ferreira are recipients of PhD fellowships by the Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia (FCT, Portugal)/FEDER and Programa Operacional Potencial Humano (POPH/FSE), references SFRH/BD/69706/2010 and SFRH/BD/51989/2012, respectively. Fernanda Marques is an assistant researcher and recipient of a FCT Investigator Grant with the reference IF/00231/2013. This work was supported by FCT and COMPETE through the project EXPL/NEU-OSD/2196/2013 and the Bial Foundation through the Grant 217/12

Effect of plant biostimulants on nutritional and chemical profiles of almond and hazelnut

The increasing interest in natural foods with functional effects demands progressively higher production levels. Nonetheless, there is an orientation towards practicing more sustainable agriculture, free from environmentally harmful pesticides and fertilizers. Plant biostimulants, a class of bio-based agriculture products designed to improve crop development, represent a feasible alternative to chemical fertilizers, or, at least, an effective way of reducing the employed quantities. Herein, different types of plant biostimulants compatible with organic farming (Phytoalgae, Foliar B, Amino Acids, Soil B, Fitoalgas Green® and Sprint Plus®) were tested in two of the most important nut products worldwide: almonds and hazelnuts, which were tested for nutritional parameters, fatty acids profiles and tocopherols contents. Overall, the most notorious effects in almond samples were obtained with phytoalgae (seaweed Ascophyllum nodosum extracts), particularly reflected in the upraising around 10% of -tocopherol and -tocopherol contents. Likewise, hazelnuts treated with NPK + phytoalgae were also characterized by an increase of almost 18% in tocopherols levels, while treatment with NPK alone induced 15.1% higher percentage of linoleic acid.The authors are grateful to the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT, Portugal) for financial support through national funds FCT/MCTES to CIMO (UIDB/00690/2020); to the national funding by FCT, P.I., through the institutional scientific employment program-contract for L. Barros and individual scientific employment program-contract (CEECIND/04479/2017). Further acknowledgments are due to the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) through the Regional Operational Program North 2020, within the scope of Project Mobilizador Norte-01-0247- FEDER-024479: ValorNatural®, whom the author F.S. Reis thanks for her contract. This work was also funded by FEDER-Interreg España-Portugal programme through the project TRANSCo- LAB 0612_TRANS_CO_LAB_2_P, and integrated in the activities of the Operational Group EGIS– Estratégias de Gestão Integrada do Solo e da Água em Espécies Produtoras de Frutos Secos, funded by PT2020 and EAFRD (European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Aetiology of Acute Gastroenteritis in Hospitalized Children from Lisbon Area

Gastroenteritis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worlwide. Aim: Determine the etiology of gastroenteritis in a cohort of children hospitalized Methods: From May 2011 to January 2012, stool samples were collected from children (4.2 ± 4.8 years). Viral agents (enteric and enterovirus) were detected by RT-PCR. Stool specimens were also tested for bacteria and parasites, by conventional methods. Results: From the 82 stool samples, 42(51.2%) were positive for virus, 22 (26.8%) for bacteria and 35.6% (26/73) for parasites. An association between viral infection and age<3 years (OR=4.92, p<0.01) was observed. Distribution of viral agents was NorovirusII (33.3%), Enterovirus (31%), Rotavirus (23.8%), Adenovirus (9.5%), NorovirusI (2.4%). Simultaneous detection of two viral agents was observed in seven cases (16.7%) - NorovirusII and Enterovirus was the most frequent (57.1%); association with another agent was detected in 33.3% samples. Eight of 22 samples (36.4%) were positive for Campylobacter jejuni, 5 (22.7%) for Salmonella spp, 7 (31.8%) for E. coli, although always in co-infection with another agent, and 1 (4.5%) for Shigella spp. 38.5% of the samples were positive for Cryptosporidium spp., 23.1% for Giardia sp. and 3.8% for Entamoeba histolytica. 69.2% of the parasites were co-detected with other agents. Conclusion: Results suggest that viral agents are the most common among children with acute gastroenteritis, although co-infections with bacteria and parasites are frequent. The most common viral agent associated with acute diarrhea was NorovirusII. An important percentage of cases with no infectious aetiology identified, suggesting that other emergent agents are probably implicated