Conservación prolongada de varas de Hydrangea macrophylla var. “Green Shadow” cosechadas en estado “clásico” o “antique

56 p.La producción de varas cortadas de Hortensia (Hydrangea macrophylla) representa un gran potencial para Chile. Según ODEPA con datos de 2011, las exportaciones de hortensia llegaron a US$38.644 lo que representa el 2,36(8,3 días, el cual, a su vez, no se diferenció del tratamiento con papel SO2). El tratamiento escogido para ser implementado por los productores sería el sin pre-frío, debido a que sería el más simple y de menor costo (en condiciones de ausencia de Botrytis sp.). Adicionalmente, se conservaron varas por 35 días, con pre-frío, las cuales tuvieron una vida útil de aproximadamente 2 días, descartándose la factibilidad de envío por este período vía marítima en las condiciones del presente experimento./ABSTRACT: Cut stems of Hydrangea macrophylla represent a great potential to the Chilean cut flower industry. According to ODEPA data source of 2011, hydrangea cut flower exports reached US$ 38,644, representing 2.36% of the total exported cut flowers. Traditionally, the stems are air-transported, although the cost is high. The main markets are USA, Europe and Japan. Fuel constitutes a high proportion of the operative costs of this means of transportation, and its price has been increasing over the last fifteen years. An alternative transport is the sea shipment by boat to supply those distant markets. A study was conducted to assess the behavior of Hydrangea macrophylla cut flowers from cv. ´Green Shadow`, harvested in "antique" or "classic" stage, placing stems in boxes during 20 days at 0,5ºC, and then observing their lasting quality. The experiment was conducted as a completely randomized design, with 4 treatments: Control (direct storage at 0,5ºC); Pre-cooling (0ºC for 20 minutes and then storage at 0,5ºC); Pre-cooling plus a previous fungicide spray; and Pre-cooling plus packaging with SO2 generators. During the refrigerated storage period, plastic tubes containing 30 ml water were fitted in the stem bases. Water consumption was registered every two days, and although the total intake during storage (42.4 ml) exceeded the initial amount of water, no symptoms of dehydration were observed. Right after the stems' removal from the cold chamber, the incidence of Botrytis sp. was evaluated. To evaluate shelf-life, the stems were placed in 400 ml of water, at 20ºC and continuous white-cold fluorescent light. The criteria to determine the end of the vase life was the day when more than 50% of the inflorescence was dehydrated (“paper texture” at touch). Botrytis sp. attack was found in only one of the treatments and affected 3.1% of the flowers in that treatment. During exposure to room temperature no further infection was detected. According to the results, the highest values in stem vase life, without statistical differences were: Control (9.2 days); Pre-cooling (8.9 days); and Pre-cooling plus a previous fungicide spray (8.3 days). This treatment did not differ from Pre-cooling plus packaging with SO2 generators. Therefore, the treatment chosen to be recommended to the growers was the control, since it is the simplest and cheapest (in conditions of absence of Botrytis sp.). Additionally, a group of pre-cooled flowers, were preserved for a period of 35 days, but exhibited a shelf-life of approximately 2 days. This would discard the feasibility of long distance sea transport, under the conditions used in this experiment

Esclerodermia cutánea localizada (Morfea): Reporte de caso

Introducción: La esclerodermia cutánea localizada es una enfermedad crónica del tejido conectivo, etiología desconocida, caracterizada por áreas de piel induradas. La Morfea es una enfermedad rara con incidencia de 0,3-3 casos por 100.000 habitantes / año. Más común  en mujeres, proporción 4:1 mujer/hombre. Caso Clínico: Mujer, 21 años acude al Servicio de Dermatología del Hospital de Clínicas por cuadro de 3 años de evolución de mancha roja en  cadera de lado derecho que luego se vuelve marrón, aparece lesión similar en muslo y rodilla derechos con misma evolución, sin desencadenante aparente ni síntomas acompañantes. Al examen físico se observa varias placas hipocrómicas con bordes eritematosos, entre 2-3 cm, límites netos y bordes irregulares en muslo derecho. Placas hipercrómicas induradas entre 1-6 cm de diámetro, límites netos, bordes regulares en cadera y muslo derechos, y brazo izquierdo. Biopsia compatible con Morfea. Tratamiento  con hidroxicloroquina, metotrexate, corticoides tópicos, vitamina A, C, E con respuesta y evolución favorable. Discusión: Esclerodermia localizada aparece en adultos entre 40- 50 años, en comparación con paciente que afectó segunda década de vida. Tronco como localización más frecuente, característica de la paciente, además en miembros superiores e inferiores. Artralgias se presentan en 44% de casos, coincidentes con la paciente. Aumento del factor reumatoideo, eosinofilia, VSG guían hacia diagnóstico de Morfea en fase activa, no apreciables en el caso. Tratamiento con metotrexate como inmunosupresor es la terapéutica con evolución favorable, complementados con hidroxicloroquina y vitaminas A y E

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Rotación en el Servicio de Enfermedades Autoinmunes del Hospital Clinic de la Universidad de Barcelona, en el contexto del Master de Enfermedades Autoinmunes realizado por la Universidad Nacional de Asunción (UNA) y la Universidad de Barcelona

La rotación realizada en los meses de enero y febrero del 2018 en el Servicio de Enfermedades Autoinmunes del Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, en el contexto del Master de Enfermedades Autoinmunes realizado por la Universidad Nacional de Asunción (UNA) y la Universidad de Barcelona (UB) se constituyó en una oportunidad invaluable para profundizar los conocimientos sobre el diagnóstico y manejo de estas patologías mediante la participación en las diferentes actividades científicas y clínicas del servicio. Los conocimientos y habilidades adquiridos serán directamente incorporados al manejo de pacientes con enfermedades autoinmunes del servicio de Dermatología del Hospital de Clínicas, de la Universidad Nacional de Asunción.CONACYT – Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y TecnologíaPROCIENCI

Studies with long term storage of cut flowers of Hydrangea macrophylla

Hydrangea macrophylla subsp. macrophylla var. macrophylla has been widely cultivated as a garden and potted plant. In addition, cut flower cultivars have been developed and have been recently introduced in Chile for export to the United States. Currently, cut flowers are air-shipped in cartons with their stems placed into individual water tubes. There is little information about postharvest management. This study was conducted to explore the feasibility of exporting hydrangea cut flower stems via sea freight at the classic harvesting stage, also called antique stage. Flower stems were obtained from a commercial grower located in Central Chile. Four treatments were established: precooling (stems placed at 0.5 °C before packing), precooling + fungicide pyrimethanil or sodium bisulphite, and a non-precooled group of flowers (immediate packing). Water tubes were placed in the stem ends. The stems were packed in cartons and placed in a 0.5 °C cold room. After 20 days of storage at 0.5 °C, flower vase life was 7-9 days. In contrast, an additional experiment showed that flower stems that were stored for 35 days had a vase life of only 2 days. There was no difference in vase life between precooled and non-precooled stems. The average total water uptake per stem was 43 ml. Botrytis infection was observed only in one out of two treatments without fungicide, where incidence was 12.5%, therefore the effect of fungicides was not evaluated. It was concluded that sea shipping to the United States of hydrangea cut flowers harvested at the antique stage, would be technically feasible.Hydrangea macrophylla subsp. macrophylla var. macrophylla ha sido ampliamente cultivada como planta de jardín y planta en maceta. Adicionalmente, se han desarrollado e introducido recientemente en Chile cultivares de flor cortada, para su exportación a Estados Unidos. Actualmente, las flores cortadas se transportan vía aérea en cajas de cartón, con un tubo con agua puesto en la base de sus tallos. Hay poca información disponible acerca del manejo poscosecha. Este estudio fue realizado con el fin de explorar la factibilidad de exportar varas florales de hortensia vía marítima, cortadas en el estado de madurez clásico, también llamado estado antique. Se obtuvieron varas florales de un productor comercial ubicado en Chile Central. Se establecieron cuatro tratamientos: prefrío (varas puestas a 0,5 °C antes de empacar), prefrío + fungicida pyrimethanil o bisulfito de sodio y un grupo de flores sin prefrío (empaque inmediato). Se pusieron tubos con agua en la base de los tallos. Las varas fueron empacadas en cajas de cartón y puestas en cámara de frío a 0,5 °C. Después de 20 días de almacenamiento a 0,5 °C, la vida útil (o vida en florero) fue de 7-9 días. En contraste, un experimento adicional mostró que las varas que fueron almacenadas por 35 días tuvieron una vida útil de solo 2 días. No hubo diferencia en cuanto a vida útil entre varas con o sin prefrío. El promedio de absorción de agua por vara fue de 43 ml. Se observó ataque de Botrytis solo en uno de los dos tratamientos sin fungicida, donde la incidencia fue de 12,5%, por lo que el efecto de los fungicidas no fue evaluado. Se concluyó que el transporte vía marítima a Estados Unidos de flores cortadas en el estado antique sería técnicamente posible

Aproximaciones históricas al concepto de prisión

This work has been carried out from a theoretical bibliographic review, with descriptive scopes, supported by a hermeneutical paradigm, specifically the interpretation of written texts and the qualitative content analysis. Concepts of prison and its analogy with school are reviewed, since institutions and organizations fulfill the mission of being ideological devices of the state, addressing the device as tools to discover and expose systems of ideas and thoughts in the social sciences and especially in education where they operate through ideology as an expression of class interests, with a central repressive role. Through this analysis, access is made to the configuration of what we are and what we stop being, while what is current is the outline of what we are being.Este trabajo se ha realizado desde una revisión teórica bibliográfica, con alcances descriptivos, sustentado en un paradigma hermenéutico, específicamente de la interpretación de textos escritos y el análisis cualitativo de contenido. Se revisan conceptos de prisión y su analogía con la escuela, puesto que las instituciones y organizaciones, cumplen la misión de ser dispositivos ideológicos del estado, abordando el dispositivo como herramientas para descubrir y exponer sistemas de ideas y pensamientos en las ciencias sociales y en especial en la educación donde operan a través de la ideología como expresión de los intereses de clase, con una función central de carácter represivo. Se accede a través de este análisis a la configuración de lo que somos y dejamos de ser, en tanto que lo actual es el esbozo de lo que vamos siendo

Education in Confinement: The Reintegration of Young People in Prison in La Araucania, Chile

This article addresses the social reintegration of young people studying in the prison of La Araucania, Chile. Our objective is to describe the social representation of young people between 19 and 29 years old, who are currently serving a custodial sentence, in their reintegration process after secondary education. We start off with the acknowledgement that both social mobility and educational career are historically marked by the reproduction of sociocultural inequality: Educational structures do not fulfill the mission of providing tools for a persons' life. Our article is based on a unique case study in which a current phenomenon is investigated; in this case, social reintegration within an authentic context-prison. Semi-structured interviews were applied during our research and participants' narratives were methodologically triangulated. Our article concludes that, given the presence of homogenizing and inefficient study plans, young people demand deep changes that are linked to a social pedagogy, which values their skills and life project through an awareness process. This process would enable them to explore their reality and cultural action in order to become conscious young people and co-creators of their future once in freedom

HISTORICAL APPROACHES TO THE CONCEPT OF PRISON

This work has been carried out from a theoretical bibliographic review, with descriptive scopes, supported by a hermeneutical paradigm, specifically the interpretation of written texts and the qualitative content analysis. Concepts of prison and its analogy with school are reviewed, since institutions and organizations fulfill the mission of being ideological devices of the state, addressing the device as tools to discover and expose systems of ideas and thoughts in the social sciences and especially in education where they operate through ideology as an expression of class interests, with a central repressive role. Through this analysis, access is made to the configuration of what we are and what we stop being, while what is current is the outline of what we are being

Obesity Impairs Short-Term and Working Memory through Gut Microbial Metabolism of Aromatic Amino Acids

The gut microbiome has been linked to fear extinction learning in animal models. Here, we aimed to explore the gut microbiome and memory domains according to obesity status. A specific microbiome profile associated with short-term memory, working memory, and the volume of the hippocampus and frontal regions of the brain differentially in human subjects with and without obesity. Plasma and fecal levels of aromatic amino acids, their catabolites, and vegetable-derived compounds were longitudinally associated with short-term and working memory. Functionally, microbiota transplantation from human subjects with obesity led to decreased memory scores in mice, aligning this trait from humans with that of recipient mice. RNA sequencing of the medial prefrontal cortex of mice revealed that short-term memory associated with aromatic amino acid pathways, inflammatory genes, and clusters of bacterial species. These results highlight the potential therapeutic value of targeting the gut microbiota for memory impairment, specifically in subjects with obesity

Risk-mitigating behaviours in people with inflammatory skin and joint disease during the COVID-19 pandemic differ by treatment type : a cross-sectional patient survey*

Altres ajuts: Department of Health via the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR); St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust; King's College London; NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre; Psoriasis Association. Wellcome Senior Research Fellowship in Clinical Science (205039/Z/16/Z); Health Data Research UK (grant no. LOND1); Health Data Research UK (grant no. MR/S003126/1); UK MRC, Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council; Economic and Social Research Council; Department of Health and Social Care (England); Chief Scientist Office of the Scottish Government Health; Social Care Directorates; Health and Social Care Research and Development Division (Welsh Government); Public Health Agency (Northern Ireland); British Heart Foundation; Wellcome Trust; NIHR Academic Clinical Lectureship through the University of Manchester; NIHR Emeritus Senior Investigator (MR/101 1808/1); NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre.Background: Registry data suggest that people with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) receiving targeted systemic therapies have fewer adverse coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outcomes compared with patients receiving no systemic treatments. Objectives: We used international patient survey data to explore the hypothesis that greater risk-mitigating behaviour in those receiving targeted therapies may account, at least in part, for this observation. Methods: Online surveys were completed by individuals with psoriasis (globally) or rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (RMDs) (UK only) between 4 May and 7 September 2020. We used multiple logistic regression to assess the association between treatment type and risk-mitigating behaviour, adjusting for clinical and demographic characteristics. We characterized international variation in a mixed-effects model. Results: Of 3720 participants (2869 psoriasis, 851 RMDs) from 74 countries, 2262 (60·8%) reported the most stringent risk-mitigating behaviour (classified here under the umbrella term 'shielding'). A greater proportion of those receiving targeted therapies (biologics and Janus Kinase inhibitors) reported shielding compared with those receiving no systemic therapy [adjusted odds ratio (OR) 1·63, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1·35-1·97]. The association between targeted therapy and shielding was preserved when standard systemic therapy was used as the reference group (OR 1·39, 95% CI 1·23-1·56). Shielding was associated with established risk factors for severe COVID-19 [male sex (OR 1·14, 95% CI 1·05-1·24), obesity (OR 1·37, 95% CI 1·23-1·54), comorbidity burden (OR 1·43, 95% CI 1·15-1·78)], a primary indication of RMDs (OR 1·37, 95% CI 1·27-1·48) and a positive anxiety or depression screen (OR 1·57, 95% CI 1·36-1·80). Modest differences in the proportion shielding were observed across nations. Conclusions: Greater risk-mitigating behaviour among people with IMIDs receiving targeted therapies may contribute to the reported lower risk of adverse COVID-19 outcomes. The behaviour variation across treatment groups, IMIDs and nations reinforces the need for clear evidence-based patient communication on risk-mitigation strategies and may help inform updated public health guidelines as the pandemic continues