The Medicine Wheel Nutrition Intervention: a Diabetes Education Study with the Cheyenne River Sioux Tribe

OBJECTIVE: The Northern Plains Indians of the Cheyenne River Sioux Tribe have experienced significant lifestyle and dietary changes over the past seven generations that have resulted in increased rates of diabetes and obesity. The objective of this study was to determine if Northern Plains Indians with type 2 diabetes mellitus who are randomized to receive culturally adapted educational lessons based on the Medicine Wheel Model for Nutrition in addition to their usual dietary education will have better control of their type 2 diabetes than a nonintervention, usual care group who received only the usual dietary education from their personal providers.DESIGN: A 6-month, randomized, controlled trial was conducted January 2005 through December 2005, with participants randomized to the education intervention or usual care control group. The education group received six nutrition lessons based on the Medicine Wheel Model for Nutrition. The usual care group received the usual dietary education from their personal providers.PARTICIPANTS: One hundred fourteen Northern Plains Indians from Cheyenne River Sioux Tribe aged 18 to 65 years, with type 2 diabetes.METHODS: Weight, body mass index (BMI), hemoglobin A1c, fasting serum glucose and lipid parameters, circulating insulin, and blood pressure were measured at the beginning and completion. Diet histories, physical activity, and dietary satiety surveys were measured at baseline and monthly through completion. Differences were determined using Student t tests, chi(2) tests, and analysis of variance.RESULTS: The ED group had a significant weight loss ( 1.4 ± 0.4 kg, mean ± standard error {SE}, P ≤ .05) and decrease in BMI (1.0 ± 0.1 means ± SE, P ≤ .05) from baseline to completion. The UC group had no change in weight (0.5 ± 0.5 kg, mean ± SE) or BMI (0.5 ± 0.2, mean ± SE). There were no between group differences due to intervention in calorie, carbohydrate, protein, and fat intake and physical activity.CONCLUSIONS: The culturally based nutrition intervention promoted small but positive changes in weight. Greater frequency and longer duration of educational support may be needed to influence blood glucose and lipid parameters

The Medicine Wheel Nutrition Intervention: A Diabetes Education Study With the Cheyenne River Sioux Tribe

People of the Cheyenne River Sioux Tribe have experienced significant lifestyle and dietary changes over the past seven generations resulting in an epidemic of diabetes and obesity. Nutrition therapy is an important component of diabetes self-management. Culturally specific education approaches have been encouraged. This study\u27s objective was to determine if Northern Plains Indians with type 2 diabetes who receive educational intervention based on the Medicine Wheel Model for Nutrition will have improved glycemic and weight control. Adults (n=114) from the Cheyenne River Sioux Reservation, aged 18 - 65, with type 2 diabetes were randomized into a six month dietary education intervention or usual care group. The Education group received six lessons using the Medicine Wheel Nutrition Model. The Education group reported a significant mean weight loss (3 ± 0.8 lbs) and decrease in BMI (1 ± 0.1 pt.) from baseline to completion. Usual Care group reported no significant weight change from baseline to completion. The change in weight and BMI was significantly different between groups. There were no significant differences between groups in blood glucose parameters. In conclusion, a culturally based nutrition intervention promoted positive changes in weight control. An intervention of greater frequency and duration may be needed to support improvements in blood glucose and lipid parameters