Pre-late Devensian high-arctic marine deposits in SW Scotland

We present new interpretations of Digital Elevation Model (DEM) data and marine fossils collected from three sites on the Rhins of Galloway which, contrary to recent proposals, suggest that the landforms and deposits of the region do not represent evidence for a readvance during the Lateglacial Period. Rather we suggest that the high-arctic fauna found in the region are representative of an earlier, colder part of a Middle Devensian ice-free interval. The predominantly streamlined topography, and distinct lack of identifiable discrete moraine limits argues for only minor, local glacial advances, in combination with widespread rapid retreat across the peninsula at the end of the Lateglacial

On the misuses of medical history

A surprising amount of bad history passes peer review in the sciences and medicine. What do we mean by bad history? One example would be the misuse of historical images. Many images of so-called plague used in scientific publications depict patients suffering from leprosy.1 Another example is when commonly repeated claims about historical people or events are lifted from earlier scientific or medical writings, without checking whether professional historical scholarship has revised earlier interpretations

The Effects of Crop Type and Production Systems on the Activity of Beneficial Invertebrates

Beneficial invertebrate activity (13 groups) was assessed in five crop types on a split-plot experimental system in northern England using pitfall trapping and suction sampling in May-October 2005. Very significant differences were detected in activity between crop type, and in the preference of groups for individual crops. Within crop types, differences in fertiliser and crop protection approaches appeared to significantly affect activity, with preferences for either organic or conventional management differing between groups. In general, inorganic fertiliser application had more effect on activity than pesticide, herbicide and fungicide use

Local deformation rings for GL2 and a Breuil–Mézard conjecture when l≠p

We compute the deformation rings of two dimensional mod l rep- resentations of Gal(F/F) with fixed inertial type, for l an odd prime, p a prime distinct from l, and F/Qp a finite extension. We show that in this set- ting an analogue of the Breuil–M´ezard conjecture holds, relating the special fibres of these deformation rings to the mod l reduction of certain irreducible representations of GL2(OF )

The Breuil-Mézard conjecture when l is not equal to p

Let l and p be primes, let F/Q_p be a finite extension with absolute Galois group G_F, let F be a finite field of characteristic l, and let p̄ : G_F→ GL_n(F) be a continuous representation. Let R^□(p̄) be the universal framed deformation ring for p̄. If l = p, then the Breuil-Mézard conjecture relates the mod l reduction of certain cycles in R^□(p̄) to the mod l reduction of certain representations of GL_n(O_F). We give an analogue of the Breuil-Mézard conjecture when l ≠ p, and prove it whenever l > 2 using automorphy lifting theorems. We also give a local proof when n = 2 and l> 2 by explicit calculation, and also when l is "quasi-banal'' for F and p̄ is tamely ramified.Open Acces

CiTO, the Citation Typing Ontology

CiTO, the Citation Typing Ontology, is an ontology for describing the nature of reference citations in scientific research articles and other scholarly works, both to other such publications and also to Web information resources, and for publishing these descriptions on the Semantic Web. Citation are described in terms of the factual and rhetorical relationships between citing publication and cited publication, the in-text and global citation frequencies of each cited work, and the nature of the cited work itself, including its publication and peer review status. This paper describes CiTO and illustrates its usefulness both for the annotation of bibliographic reference lists and for the visualization of citation networks. The latest version of CiTO, which this paper describes, is CiTO Version 1.6, published on 19 March 2010. CiTO is written in the Web Ontology Language OWL, uses the namespace http://purl.org/net/cito/, and is available from http://purl.org/net/cito/. This site uses content negotiation to deliver to the user an OWLDoc Web version of the ontology if accessed via a Web browser, or the OWL ontology itself if accessed from an ontology management tool such as Protégé 4 (http://protege.stanford.edu/). Collaborative work is currently under way to harmonize CiTO with other ontologies describing bibliographies and the rhetorical structure of scientific discourse

Roman Britain in the Northeast: The Excavation and Interpretation of Arbeia, South Shields

The research goal of this project was to understand the impact that the Roman Empire had upon the indigenous ‘traditional society’ of the northeastern British peoples at Arbeia, located in modern day South Shields. Within that broad goal, the focus was to determine if the influence of the Roman Empire cultivated a unique homogenization of Romano-British culture, or if both societies maintained their own cultures and lived side-by-side with little cultural interaction or meshing with one another, other than trading goods, etc. To seek out the answer to this research question, I conducted literary research on Roman fort practices and their makeup, relationships between indigenous and colonizing civilizations, the background history of the fort site at South Shields, and also performed archaeological excavations and research at Arbeia itself in June 2015, along with a team of EarthWatch archaeologists and volunteer excavators. Through this literary research, personal excavation, and conversations with leading archaeologist Nick Hodgson PhD, I discovered that contrary to popular and previous belief stimulated by George Jobey in 1960s and 70s, the relationship between the Romans and the native civilians was fairly limited to trading goods and wares, and interactions with native prostitutes. For quite some time, it was believed that the rectilinear enclosed settlements found north of Hadrian’s Wall in the Newcastle area were made by indigenous Britons under the instruction of Romans under a pax Romana (a period of relative peace where there was minimal expansion of the Roman military). However, due to the rise in developer-funded archaeology, archaeologists have been able to more accurately date sites lacking or poor in artifacts by means of radiocarbon dating. Using this technique has led to the discovery that these sites predate the Roman conquest of the northeast region of Britain, and were definitely not the result of development under Roman rule. It is due to this detection that Nick Hodgson, other leading archaeologists in the area, and I believe that the Romans and the native Britons did not form a homogenized society