Restriction Factors: From Intrinsic Viral Restriction to Shaping Cellular Immunity Against HIV-1

Antiviral restriction factors are host cellular proteins that constitute a first line of defense blocking viral replication and propagation. In addition to interfering at critical steps of the viral replication cycle, some restriction factors also act as innate sensors triggering innate responses against infections. Accumulating evidence suggests an additional role for restriction factors in promoting antiviral cellular immunity to combat viruses. Here, we review the recent progress in our understanding on how restriction factors, particularly APOBEC3G, SAMHD1, Tetherin, and TRIM5α have the cell-autonomous potential to induce cellular resistance against HIV-1 while promoting antiviral innate and adaptive immune responses. Also, we provide an overview of how these restriction factors may connect with protein degradation pathways to modulate anti-HIV-1 cellular immune responses, and we summarize the potential of restriction factors-based therapeutics. This review brings a global perspective on the influence of restrictions factors in intrinsic, innate, and also adaptive antiviral immunity opening up novel research avenues for therapeutic strategies in the fields of drug discovery, gene therapy, and vaccines to control viral infections

El passaport a la professió al Grau de Psicologia: indicador de qualitat del procés d'ensenyament-aprenentatge

Podeu consultar la Vuitena trobada de professorat de Ciències de la Salut completa a: http://hdl.handle.net/2445/66524Des del curs 2012-13, al llarg del Grau de Psicologia s’ofereix un programa d’orientació professional, de caràcter voluntari i personalitzat, que respon a les directrius de l’Estratègia Europa 2020, del Pla marc Horitzó 2020, i de l’Espai Europeu d’Educació Superior. Després de tres anys, ja es poden analitzar uns primers resultats a través del nombre d’inscripcions, qüestionaris de satisfacció i els exercicis realitzats d’autoconeixement i d’exploració del món professional

El dietista-nutricionista en Atención Primaria: una aproximación viable

II Congreso de Alimentación, Nutrición y Dietética. Avances en Nutrición y Dietética Clínica: Prevención, Tratamiento y Gestión - Rol del Dietista-Nutricionist

Recomendación para la determinación de HER2 en cáncer de mama : Consenso nacional de la sociedad española de anatomía patológica (SEAP) y de la sociedad española de oncología médica (SEOM)

La identificación de los carcinomas de mama con amplificación/sobreexpresión de HER2 es crítica en la práctica clínica diaria ya que estas neoplasias requieren un tratamiento específico que incluye el uso de terapias dirigidas. Tanto las técnicas de hibridación in situ como las técnicas inmunohistoquímicas son métodos apropiados para la identificación de cánceres de mama HER2 positivos. Sin embargo, numerosos estudios, incluidos los desarrollados por la Asociación para la Garantía de Calidad en Patología de la SEAP (AGCP) y la experiencia de centros de referencia nacionales en la determinación de HER2 han puesto de manifiesto importantes problemas de reproducibilidad entre laboratorios. Por estos motivos, patólogos expertos en la determinación de HER2 de estos centros de referencia, así como oncólogos médicos con una contrastada actividad en cáncer de mama, en representación de las sociedades respectivas (SEAP y SEOM), han trabajado para debatir y consensuar las recomendaciones nacionales de determinación de HER2. Estas recomendaciones se basan no sólo en la experiencia de los participantes en el consenso, sino también en la experiencia internacional publicada en recientes guías de distintos países, tales como Estados Unidos, Reino Unido y Canadá. En este consenso, se recomiendan los requisitos mínimos que un laboratorio de Anatomía Patológica debe cumplir para garantizar la adecuada determinación de HER2 en la práctica diaria. Aquellos laboratorios que carezcan de los estándares mínimos expuestos en esta guía deberían trabajar en alcanzarlos y durante este proceso remitir a laboratorios de referencia las muestras en las que la determinación de HER2 tenga implicaciones clínicas para las pacientes.Breast cancers with HER2 alterations are critical to identify because such tumors require unique treatment, including the use of targeted therapies. HER2 alterations at the DNA (amplification) and protein (overexpression) level usually occur in concert, and both in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry can be accurate methods to assess these alterations. However, recent studies including those conducted by the Association for Quality Assessment of the Spanish Society of Pathology and the experience of several national reference centres for HER2 testing have suggested that serious reproducibility issues exist with both techniques. To address this, a joint committee of both the Spanish Society of Pathology and the Spanish Society of Medical Oncology has met to review guidelines for HER2 testing. Consensus recommendation are based not only on panellist’s experience but also in those consensus guidelines previously reported in several countries, such as United Stated, United Kingdom and Canada. These guidelines include minimal requirements that Pathology Department must meet in order to guarantee appropriate HER2 testing in breast cancer. Pathology laboratories that do not meet these standards must put effort to reach them and, in the meantime, send clinical cases to reference centres.Vera Sempere, Fco Jose, [email protected] ; Lluch Hernandez, Ana, [email protected]

BOMET-QoL-10 questionnaire for breast cancer patients with bone metastasis: the prospective MABOMET GEICAM study

Bone metastasis (BM) is the most common site of disease in metastatic breast cancer (MBC) patients. BM impacts health-related quality of life (HRQoL). We tested prospectively the psychometric properties of the Bone Metastasis Quality of Life (BOMET-QoL-10) measure on MBC patients with BM. Patients completed the BOMET-QoL-10 questionnaire, the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for pain, and a self-perceived health status item at baseline and at follow-up visits. We performed psychometric tests and calculated the effect size of specific BM treatment on patients´ HRQoL. Almost 70% of the 172 patients reported symptoms, 23.3% experienced irruptive pain, and over half were receiving chemotherapy. BOMET-QoL-10 proved to be a quick assessment tool performing well in readability and completion time (about 10 min) with 0–1.2% of missing/invalid data. Although BOMET-QoL-10 scores remained fairly stable during study visits, differences were observed for patient subgroups (e.g., with or without skeletal-related events or adverse effects). Scores were significantly correlated with physician-reported patient status, patient-reported pain, symptoms, and perceived health status. BOMET-QoL-10 scores also varied prospectively according to changes in pain intensity. BOMET-QoL-10 performed well as a brief, easy-to-administer, useful, and sensitive HRQoL measure for potential use for clinical practice with MBC patientsThis work was sponsored by GEICAM and Novartis. Roche funded the publication fees for this articl

Treatment of cancer with oral drugs: a position statement by the Spanish Society of Medical Oncology (SEOM)

Cancer treatment involves the participation of multiple medical specialties and, as our knowledge of the disease increases, this fact becomes even more apparent. The degree of multidisciplinarity is determined by several factors, which include the severity and type of disease, the increasing diversity in the available pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapies, and the range of specialists involved in cancer therapy, such as medical oncologists, radiotherapists, gynecologists, gastroenterologists, urologists, surgeons, and pneumologists, among others. Across Europe, the situation of cancer care can be variable due to the diversity of health systems, differences in drug reimbursement, and the degree of establishment of Medical Oncology as a medical specialty in the European Union states

Critically short telomeres and toxicity of chemotherapy in early breast cancer

Cumulative toxicity from weekly paclitaxel (myalgia, peripheral neuropathy, fatigue) compromises long-term administration. Preclinical data suggest that the burden of critically short telomeres ( 21.9% CSTs) had 2-fold higher number of neuropathy (P = 0.04) or fatigue (P = 0.019) episodes and >3-fold higher number of myalgia episodes (P = 0.005). The average telomere length was unrelated to the incidence of side effects.The percentage of CSTs, but not the average telomere size, is associated with weekly paclitaxel-derived toxicity.This work was supported by the Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria [FIS PI10/00288 and FIS PI13/00430]; AECC Scientific Foundation [Beca de Retorno-2010, to MQF]; Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness Projects [SAF2013-45111-R]; Madrid Regional Government Projects [S2010/BMD- 2303]; AXA Research Found; Fundación Botin; AVON Spain; and Boehringer-Ingelheim Spain.S

Antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes in global lakes:A review and meta-analysis

Lakes are an important source of freshwater, containing nearly 90% of the liquid surface fresh water worldwide. Long retention times in lakes mean pollutants from discharges slowly circulate around the lakes and may lead to high ecological risk for ecosystem and human health. In recent decades, antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) have been regarded as emerging pollutants. The occurrence and distribution of antibiotics and ARGs in global freshwater lakes are summarized to show the pollution level of antibiotics and ARGs and to identify some of the potential risks to ecosystem and human health. Fifty-seven antibiotics were reported at least once in the studied lakes. Our meta-analysis shows that sulfamethoxazole, sulfamerazine, sulfameter, tetracycline, oxytetracycline, erythromycin, and roxithromycin were found at high concentrations in both lake water and lake sediment. There is no significant difference in the concentration of sulfonamides in lake water from China and that from other countries worldwide; however, there was a significant difference in quinolones. Erythromycin had the lowest predicted hazardous concentration for 5% of the species (HC5) and the highest ecological risk in lakes. There was no significant difference in the concentration of sulfonamide resistance genes (sul1 and sul2) in lake water and river water. There is surprisingly limited research on the role of aquatic biota in propagation of ARGs in freshwater lakes. As an environment that is susceptible to cumulative build-up of pollutants, lakes provide an important environment to study the fate of antibiotics and transport of ARGs with a broad range of niches including bacterial community, aquatic plants and animals