Intervenir aux marges de la citoyenneté : Une application du dispositif Mendel adapté au contexte des jeunes de la rue à Montréal

Cet article fait état de l’évolution de l’application d’un mode d’intervention collective auprès des jeunes de la rue à Montréal, de 1997 à 2005. Ce mode d’intervention favorise le dialogue sous la forme d’écrits, de groupe à groupe, entre des jeunes de la rue, des responsables institutionnels, des intervenants et des policiers. Cette intervention constitue une adaptation du dispositif institutionnel de la sociopsychanalyse visant à développer l’appropriation de l’acte des individus de façon démocratique. On y présente les trois moments d’application tout en faisant état des modifications qui ont eu lieu au fur et à mesure des évaluations. Les fondements théoriques ainsi que les principes d’actions sous-tendant le dispositif sont explicités en insistant sur l’importance du concept d’« actepouvoir » comme un fondement psychosocial de la pratique citoyenne.This article states the development of the application of a collective mode of intervention with street youths in Montreal, from 1997 to 2005. This intervention mode supports dialogue in the form of writings, from group to group, between street youths, institutional officials, social workers and police officers. This intervention constitutes an adaptation of the institutional device of sociopsychoanalysis aiming at developing the appropriation of individual act in a democratic way. The three moments of application are presented while stating the modifications that progressively took place further to the evaluations. The theoretical bases as well as the principles of actions underlying the device are clarified while insisting on the importance of the concept of “actepouvoir ” as a psychosocial basis for citizen practice

Exercer le droit au logement. Le cas d’un épisode de squattage à Montréal en 2001

L’étude des repères normatifs des acteurs impliqués dans un épisode de crise sociale tel que le squat Overdale-Préfontaine en 2001 à Montréal, peuvent aider à mieux comprendre le sens d’un événement présentant une certaine opacité au moment de sa manifestation du fait de son illégalité. Par cette analyse des repères normatifs auprès des acteurs, il est possible de dégager des logiques spécifiques quant aux stratégies employées par les groupes d’acteurs impliqués dans l’épisode de squat, tant au sein du groupe d’appartenance que sur le plan des relations entre les groupes. Le contenu de cet article présente une synthèse des résultats d’analyse relatifs aux positions tenues par les occupants du squat, les acteurs communautaires, institutionnels et médiatiques.Studying the normative benchmarks of players involved in an episode of social crisis, such as the Overdale-Préfontaine squat in Montreal in 2001, can help us understand the meaning of an event that, because it was illegal, may have appeared somewhat opaque at the time it occurred. Through an analysis of these benchmarks, the internal logic of the strategies used by the groups of players involved in the squat can be identified, both within the group to which the players belong and with regard to the relationships between groups. In this paper, we present a summary of the results of our analysis of the positions taken by the squatters and by the community, institutional and media players involved

Análise de sensibilidade topológica aplicada ao modelo de dano de Francfort-Marigo

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Mecânica, Florianópolis, 2013.O conceito de análise de sensibilidade topológica foi formalmente introduzido em 1999, e por isto é um campo de pesquisa recente que vem crescendo rapidamente. Este fornece a variação de um funcional quando o domínio de análise tem a sua topologia alterada através de uma perturbação, por exemplo a introdução de um furo, com proporções infinitesimais. O resultado desta operação é um campo escalar denominado Derivada Topológica, que pode ser visto como uma correção de primeira ordem para o funcional quanto a introdução desta perturbação. Neste trabalho, a análise de sensibilidade topológica é aplicada ao modelo de dano de Francfort-Marigo, sendo este utilizado para a descrição de materiais frágeis em regime quasi-estático. As expressões para a derivada topológica desde modelo são desenvolvidas, e em seguida um algoritmo de evolução de dano é proposto com uso exclusivo das informações fornecidas pela derivada topológica. Alguns problemas numéricos são avaliados para verificar o desempenho do algoritmo proposto. Abstract : The topological sensitivity analysis was formally introduced in 1999, and since then became a rapidly expanding research field. This analysis provides the variation of a given functional when the domain is topologically modified by an infinitesimal perturbation, for example by introducing a hole. The main result of this procedure is a scalar field named Topological Derivative that can be seen as a first order approximation of the value of the functional associated to the perturbed domain. In this dissertation the topological sensitivity analysis is applied to the Francfort-Marigo damage model, which is used to model brittle materials in quasi-static problems. The expressions for the Topological Derivative are developed and an algorithm is proposed to use this information on the study of damage propagation. Some numerical test cases are evaluated to verify the algorithm's performance

Effect of core--mantle and tidal torques on Mercury's spin axis orientation

The rotational evolution of Mercury's mantle and its core under conservative and dissipative torques is important for understanding the planet's spin state. Dissipation results from tides and viscous, magnetic and topographic core--mantle interactions. The dissipative core--mantle torques take the system to an equilibrium state wherein both spins are fixed in the frame precessing with the orbit, and in which the mantle and core are differentially rotating. This equilibrium exhibits a mantle spin axis that is offset from the Cassini state by larger amounts for weaker core--mantle coupling for all three dissipative core--mantle coupling mechanisms, and the spin axis of the core is separated farther from that of the mantle, leading to larger differential rotation. The relatively strong core--mantle coupling necessary to bring the mantle spin axis to its observed position close to the Cassini state is not obtained by any of the three dissipative core--mantle coupling mechanisms. For a hydrostatic ellipsoidal core--mantle boundary, pressure coupling dominates the dissipative effects on the mantle and core positions, and dissipation together with pressure coupling brings the mantle spin solidly to the Cassini state. The core spin goes to a position displaced from that of the mantle by about 3.55 arcmin nearly in the plane containing the Cassini state. With the maximum viscosity considered of $\nu\sim 15.0\,{\rm cm^2/s}$ if the coupling is by the circulation through an Ekman boundary layer or $\nu\sim 8.75\times 10^5\,{\rm cm^2/s}$ for purely viscous coupling, the core spin lags the precessing Cassini plane by 23 arcsec, whereas the mantle spin lags by only 0.055 arcsec. Larger, non hydrostatic values of the CMB ellipticity also result in the mantle spin at the Cassini state, but the core spin is moved closer to the mantle spin.Comment: 35 pages, 7 figure

Plasma and Aerosols: Challenges, Opportunities and Perspectives

The interaction of plasmas and liquid aerosols offers special advantages and opens new perspectives for plasma\u2013liquid applications. The paper focuses on the key research challenges and potential of plasma-aerosol interaction at atmospheric pressure in several fields, outlining opportunities and benefits in terms of process tuning and throughputs. After a short overview of the recent achievements in plasma\u2013liquid field, the possible application benefits from aerosol injection in combination with plasma discharge are listed and discussed. Since the nature of the chemicophysical plasma-droplet interactions is still unclear, a multidisciplinary approach is recommended to overcome the current lack of knowledge and to open the plasma communities to scientists from other fields, already active in biphasic systems diagnostic. In this perspective, a better understanding of the high chemical reactivity of gas\u2013liquid reactions will bring new opportunities for plasma assisted in-situ and on-demand reactive species production and material processing

Comparison of the performance of different instruments in the stray neutron field around the CERN Proton Synchrotron

This paper discusses an intercomparison campaign carried out in several locations around the CERN Proton Synchrotron. The locations were selected in order to perform the measurements in different stray field conditions. Various neutron detectors were employed: ionisation chambers, conventional and extended range rem counters, both commercial and prototype ones, including a novel instrument called LUPIN, specifically conceived to work in pulsed fields. The attention was focused on the potential differences in the instrument readings due to dead-time losses that are expected to affect most commercial units. The results show that the ionisation chambers and LUPIN agree well with the expected H*(10) values, as derived from FLUKA simulations, showing no relevant underestimations even in strongly pulsed fields. On the contrary, the dead-time losses of the other rem counters induced an underestimation in pulsed fields that was more important for instruments characterised by a higher dead tim

The Micro-Elimination Approach to Eliminating Hepatitis C:Strategic and Operational Considerations

The introduction of efficacious new hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatments galvanized the World Health Organization to define ambitious targets for eliminating HCV as a public health threat by 2030. Formidable obstacles to reaching this goal can best be overcome through a micro-elimination approach, which entails pursuing elimination goals in discrete populations through multi-stakeholder initiatives that tailor interventions to the needs of these populations. Micro-elimination is less daunting, less complex, and less costly than full-scale, country-level initiatives to eliminate HCV, and it can build momentum by producing small victories that inspire more ambitious efforts. The micro-elimination approach encourages stakeholders who are most knowledgeable about specific populations to engage with each other and also promotes the uptake of new models of care. Examples of micro-elimination target populations include medical patients, people who inject drugs, migrants, and prisoners, although candidate populations can be expected to vary greatly in different countries and subnational areas

The efficacy of single-trial multisensory memories.

This review article summarizes evidence that multisensory experiences at one point in time have long-lasting effects on subsequent unisensory visual and auditory object recognition. The efficacy of single-trial exposure to task-irrelevant multisensory events is its ability to modulate memory performance and brain activity to unisensory components of these events presented later in time. Object recognition (either visual or auditory) is enhanced if the initial multisensory experience had been semantically congruent and can be impaired if this multisensory pairing was either semantically incongruent or entailed meaningless information in the task-irrelevant modality, when compared to objects encountered exclusively in a unisensory context. Processes active during encoding cannot straightforwardly explain these effects; performance on all initial presentations was indistinguishable despite leading to opposing effects with stimulus repetitions. Brain responses to unisensory stimulus repetitions differ during early processing stages (-100 ms post-stimulus onset) according to whether or not they had been initially paired in a multisensory context. Plus, the network exhibiting differential responses varies according to whether or not memory performance is enhanced or impaired. The collective findings we review indicate that multisensory associations formed via single-trial learning exert influences on later unisensory processing to promote distinct object representations that manifest as differentiable brain networks whose activity is correlated with memory performance. These influences occur incidentally, despite many intervening stimuli, and are distinguishable from the encoding/learning processes during the formation of the multisensory associations. The consequences of multisensory interactions that persist over time to impact memory retrieval and object discrimination

ANÁLISE DE TRILHA E VARIAÇÃO GENÉTICA NA CULTURA DO MILHO EM CONDIÇÕES DE CERRADO

O melhoramento genético pode propiciar ganhos em produtividade, com o desenvolvimento de genótipos, explorando a variabilidade genética existente na cultura do milho, que, ainda, não é totalmente conhecida. Outro fator, que aumenta a eficiência nos programas de melhoramento, é o conhecimento da relação de componentes produtivos e de eficiência com a produtividade de grãos. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a variação genotípica de componentes produtivos e índices de eficiência na cultura do milho e sua relação com a produtividade de grãos, no Tocantins. Entre as safras de 2009 e 2014, foram conduzidos 26 experimentos de milho sob delineamento de blocos ao acaso. Os experimentos se diferiram quanto a quantidade e tipo de genótipos, tipo e dose de adubação de semeadura e de cobertura nitrogenada. Dentro de cada safra, as médias dos experimentos foram submetidas a análises estatísticas para a classificação dos mesmos em favoráveis e desfavoráveis para a expressão da produtividade de grãos. Assim, as análises de trilha, tendo a produtividade como atributo dependente e os demais como explicativos e; a estimativa dos coeficientes de variação experimental e genotípico, foram realizadas separadamente para experimentos favoráveis e desfavoráveis, em cada safra. As estimativas da variabilidade genética e da associação dos atributos com a produtividade de grãos sofreram influência com mudança das condições de cultivo (favorável; desfavorável). Foi possível verificar que os índices estimados, potencial produtivo e eficiência produtiva, explicaram melhor a variação da produtividade de grãos que os componentes produtivos (número de grãos e massa média de um grão)