EFECTO INHIBITORIO DE UN EXTRACTO ACUOSO DE HIBISCUS SABDARIFFA LINN, EN LA OXIDACIÓN DE LIPOPROTEÍNAS DE BAJA DENSIDAD (LDL)

Introduction: Worldwide consumption Hibiscus sabdariffa, has been growing thanks to its high content rich in bioactive compounds such as flavonoids and anthocyanins. Through its calyces it has been used to prevent and treat degenerative diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular abnormalities, and hyperlipidemia. Objective: To evaluate the antioxidant effect of an extract of H. sabdariffa, by means of the low-density lipoprotein oxidation (LDL) assay. Methods: Dehydrated chalices obtained from an own culture were used, obtaining an acuso extract under conditions similar to the usual consumption. The total phenol content was determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu method. Characterized the extract, its antioxidant activity was evaluated by the LDL oxidation test, obtained from a blood sample from three patients without hyperlipidemia. Results: A statistically significant inhibition of LDL oxidation of the extract and its respective control was evidenced in each of the samples (p <0.05). Conclusions: these results demonstrate that H. sabdariffa is a real alternative in the control of hyperlipidemia and reduction of oxidation of LDL, responsible for the formation of atheroma plaque at the level of the arteries. However, the consumption of this plant must be done under controlled conditions and guided by specialists in order to obtain the desired results.Introducción: A nivel mundial el consumo Hibiscus sabdariffa, ha venido creciendo gracias a su contenido rico en compuestos bioactivos como flavonoides y antocianinas. Por medio de sus cálices ha sido utilizada para prevenir y tratar enfermedades degenerativas como el cáncer, anomalías cardiovasculares e hiperlipidemia. Objetivo: Evaluar el efecto antioxidante de un extracto de H. sabdariffa, por medio del ensayo de oxidación de lipoproteínas de baja densidad (LDL) aisladas de plasma sanguíneo. Métodos: Se emplearon cálices deshidratados obtenidos de un cultivo propio, obteniendo un extracto acuso bajo condiciones similares a la forma de consumo habitual. Se determino el contenido de fenoles totales empleando el método de Folin-Ciocalteu. Caracterizado el extracto se evaluó su actividad antioxidante por el ensayo de oxidación de LDL, obtenida de una muestra sanguínea de tres pacientes sin hiperlipidemia. Resultados: Se evidenció una inhibición de la oxidación de LDL estadísticamente significativa del extracto y su respectivo al control en cada una de las muestras ( p<0,05). Conclusiones: estos resultados respaldan que H. sabdariffa, es una alternativa real en el control de la hiperlipidemia y reducción de la oxidación de las LDL, responsable de la formación de la placa de ateroma a nivel de las arterias. Sin embargo el consumo de esta planta debe hacerse bajo condiciones controlados y guiadas por especialistas a fin de obtener los resultados deseados

Covariance Matrix Adaptation Pareto Archived Evolution Strategy with Hypervolume-sorted Adaptive Grid Algorithm.

Real-world problems often involve the optimisation of multiple conflicting objectives. These problems, referred to as multi-objective optimisation problems, are especially challenging when more than three objectives are considered simultaneously. This paper proposes an algorithm to address this class of problems. The proposed algorithm is an evolutionary algorithm based on an evolution strategy framework, and more specifically, on the Covariance Matrix Adaptation Pareto Archived Evolution Strategy (CMA-PAES). A novel selection mechanism is introduced and integrated within the framework. This selection mechanism makes use of an adaptive grid to perform a local approximation of the hypervolume indicator which is then used as a selection criterion. The proposed implementation, named Covariance Matrix Adaptation Pareto Archived Evolution Strategy with Hypervolume-sorted Adaptive Grid Algorithm (CMA-PAES-HAGA), overcomes the limitation of CMA-PAES in handling more than two objectives and displays a remarkably good performance on a scalable test suite in five, seven, and ten-objective problems. The performance of CMA-PAES-HAGA has been compared with that of a competition winning meta-heuristic, representing the state-of-the-art in this sub-field of multi-objective optimisation. The proposed algorithm has been tested in a seven-objective real-world application, i.e. the design of an aircraft lateral control system. In this optimisation problem, CMA-PAES-HAGA greatly outperformed its competitors

Authors seldom report the most patient-important outcomes and absolute effect measures in systematic review abstracts

Objectives: Explicit reporting of absolute measures is important to ensure treatment effects are correctly interpreted. We examined the extent to which authors report absolute effects for patient-important outcomes in abstracts of systematic review (SR). Study Design and Setting: We searched OVID MEDLINE and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews to identify eligible SRs published in the year 2010. Citations were stratified into Cochrane and non-Cochrane reviews, with repeated random sampling in a 1:1 ratio. Paired reviewers screened articles and recorded abstract characteristics, including reporting of effect measures for the most patient-important outcomes of benefit and harm. Results: We included 96 Cochrane and 94 non-Cochrane reviews. About 117 (77.5%) relative measures were reported in abstracts for outcomes of benefit, whereas only 34 (22.5%) absolute measures were reported. Similarly, for outcomes of harm, 41 (87.2%) relative measures were provided in abstracts, compared with only 6 (12.8%) absolute measures. Eighteen (9.5%) abstracts reported both absolute and relative measures for outcomes of benefit, whereas only two (1.1%) abstracts reported both measures for outcomes of harm. Results were similar between Cochrane and non-Cochrane reviews. Conclusion: SR abstracts seldom report measures of absolute effect. Journal editors should insist that authors report both relative and absolute effects for patient-important outcomes. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Peer reviewe

Systematic reviews experience major limitations in reporting absolute effects

Objectives: Expressing treatment effects in relative terms yields larger numbers than expressions in absolute terms, affecting the judgment of the clinicians and patients regarding the treatment options. It is uncertain how authors of systematic reviews (SRs) absolute effect estimates are reported in. We therefore undertook a systematic survey to identify and describe the reporting and methods for calculating absolute effect estimates in SRs. Study Design and Setting: Two reviewers independently screened title, abstract, and full text and extracted data from a sample of Cochrane and non-Cochrane SRs. We used regression analyses to examine the association between study characteristics and the reporting of absolute estimates for the most patient-important outcome. Results: We included 202 SRs (98 Cochrane and 104 non-Cochrane), most of which (92.1%) included standard meta-analyses including relative estimates of effect. Of the 202 SRs, 73 (36.1%) reported absolute effect estimates for the most patient-important outcome. SRs with statistically significant effects were more likely to report absolute estimates (odds ratio, 2.26; 95% confidence interval: 1.08, 4.74). The most commonly reported absolute estimates were: for each intervention, risk of adverse outcomes expressed as a percentage (41.1%); number needed to treat (26.0%); and risk for each intervention expressed as natural units or natural frequencies (24.7%). In 12.3% of the SRs that reported absolute effect estimates for both benefit and harm outcomes, harm outcomes were reported exclusively as absolute estimates. Exclusively reporting of beneficial outcomes as absolute estimates occurred in 6.8% of the SRs. Conclusions: Most SRs do not report absolute effects. Those that do often report them inadequately, thus requiring users of SRs to generate their own estimates of absolute effects. For any apparently effective or harmful intervention, SR authors should report both absolute and relative estimates to optimize the interpretation of their findings. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Peer reviewe

Reporting, handling and assessing the risk of bias associated with missing participant data in systematic reviews : a methodological survey

Objectives: To describe how systematic reviewers are reporting missing data for dichotomous outcomes, handling them in the analysis and assessing the risk of associated bias. Methods: We searched MEDLINE and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews for systematic reviews of randomised trials published in 2010, and reporting a meta-analysis of a dichotomous outcome. We randomly selected 98 Cochrane and 104 non-Cochrane systematic reviews. Teams of 2 reviewers selected eligible studies and abstracted data independently and in duplicate using standardised, piloted forms with accompanying instructions. We conducted regression analyses to explore factors associated with using complete case analysis and with judging the risk of bias associated with missing participant data. Results: Of Cochrane and non-Cochrane reviews, 47% and 7% (p Conclusions: Though Cochrane reviews are somewhat less problematic, most Cochrane and non-Cochrane systematic reviews fail to adequately report and handle missing data, potentially resulting in misleading judgements regarding risk of bias.Peer reviewe

Measurement of double-parton scattering in inclusive production of four jets with low transverse momentum in proton-proton collisions at s \sqrt{s} = 13 TeV

A measurement of inclusive four-jet production in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV is presented. The transverse momenta of jets within |η| < 4.7 are required to exceed 35, 30, 25, and 20 GeV for the first-, second-, third-, and fourth-leading jet, respectively. Differential cross sections are measured as functions of the jet transverse momentum, jet pseudorapidity, and several other observables that describe the angular correlations between the jets. The measured distributions show sensitivity to different aspects of the underlying event, parton shower modeling, and matrix element calculations. In particular, the interplay between angular correlations caused by parton shower and double-parton scattering contributions is shown to be important. The double-parton scattering contribution is extracted by means of a template fit to the data, using distributions for single-parton scattering obtained from Monte Carlo event generators and a double-parton scattering distribution constructed from inclusive single-jet events in data. The effective double-parton scattering cross section is calculated and discussed in view of previous measurements and of its dependence on the models used to describe the single- parton scattering background

Measurements of the pp → W±^{±}γγ and pp → Zγγ cross sections at s\sqrt{s} = 13 TeV and limits on anomalous quartic gauge couplings

The cross section for W or Z boson production in association with two photons is measured in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV. The data set corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 137 fb$^{-1}$ collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC. The W → ℓν and Z → ℓℓ decay modes (where ℓ = e, μ) are used to extract the Wγγ and Zγγ cross sections in a phase space defined by electron (muon) with transverse momentum larger than 30 GeV and photon transverse momentum larger than 20 GeV. All leptons and photons are required to have absolute pseudorapidity smaller than 2.5. The measured cross sections in this phase space are σ(Wγγ) = 13.6$^{+1.9}$$_{−1.9}$(stat)$^{+4.0}$$_{−4.0}$(syst) ± 0.08 (PDF + scale) fb and σ(Zγγ) = 5.41$^{+0.58}$$_{−0.55}$(stat)$^{+0.64}$$_{−.070}$(syst) ± 0.06 (PDF + scale) fb. Limits on anomalous quartic gauge couplings are set in the framework of an effective field theory with dimension-8 operators

Measurement of the top quark mass using events with a single reconstructed top quark in pp collisions at s\sqrt{s} = 13 TeV

A measurement of the top quark mass is performed using a data sample enriched with single top quark events produced in the t channel. The study is based on proton- proton collision data, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb$^{-1}$, recorded at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV by the CMS experiment at the LHC in 2016. Candidate events are selected by requiring an isolated high-momentum lepton (muon or electron) and exactly two jets, of which one is identified as originating from a bottom quark. Multivariate discriminants are designed to separate the signal from the background. Optimized thresholds are placed on the discriminant outputs to obtain an event sample with high signal purity. The top quark mass is found to be 172.13$^{+0.76}$$_{-0.77}$ GeV, where the uncertainty includes both the statistical and systematic components, reaching sub-GeV precision for the first time in this event topology. The masses of the top quark and antiquark are also determined separately using the lepton charge in the final state, from which the mass ratio and difference are determined to be 0.9952$^{+0.0079}$$_{-0.0104}$ and 0.83$^{+1.79}$$_{-1.35}$ GeV, respectively. The results are consistent with CPT invariance