El art. 19 del CP ¿entre la inimputabilidad y la abstención de penar?

La falta de claridad del art. 19 del CP produce dudas interpretativas a la hora de responder a la pregunta acerca de si los menores de edad penal son o no responsables penalmente teniendo en cuenta que no se les aplican penas –al menos en sentido formal, como “penas del CP”– pero son responsables con arreglo a la Ley de responsabilidad penal de los menores. La duda se acrecienta cuando se observa que no faltan autores en la doctrina que afi rman la inimputabilidad de los menores o una “peculiar” imputabilidad disminuida, a pesar de lo dispuesto claramente en la ley.Art. 19 of the Spanish Penal Code creates interpretation doubts when answering the question about juvenile criminal responsibility. Minors are not punished with the same type of sanctions as adults, at least in a formal sense, because they are not sentenced to formal penal sanctions. Nevertheless, according to Juvenile criminal responsibility Law, minors are criminally responsible. The interpretation uncertainty is increased by authors that claim for minors’ nonimputation or for a particular diminished imputation, in spite of the law’s clear statement

The effect of experience and instructions on learned attentional biases

Afiliaciones: Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), University of Malaga, Spain Primary Care and Public Health Sciences, King’s College London, UK School of Psychology, UNSW Australia, Sydney, AustraliaIt has been shown that selective attention is allocated to the best available predictor of an outcome, which is known as learned predictiveness. Mitchell et al. (2012) have shown that instructions about the ‘relevance’ of each stimulus can influence (and even reverse) the learned predictiveness attentional bias, suggesting that propositional reasoning plays a crucial role in this phenomenon. Our experiment further explores the effects of instructions on this learned attentional bias. As a difference with previous work, we measured attentional capture through spatial cueing effects, which have been found to rely on rapid attentional processes (Le Pelley et al., 2013). Participants responded faster to events presented in the spatial location cued by stimuli that had previously been trained as predictive through trial-by-trial learning. However, verbal instructions regarding relevance failed to speed up participants’ responses or to modulate the effect of learned predictiveness on spatial cueing. These results suggest that predictive stimuli produce an attentional bias which is not (always) under voluntary control.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Adaptación al Español Europeo de la Evaluación Automatizada de la Memoria Operativa (Automated Working Memory Test Battery -AWMA).

The current study presents the adaptation of Automated Working Memory Assessment into European Spanish, considering the need of calibration for accent and linguistic issues not supported by the version available. For this purpose, verbal material was carefully and properly selected, considering specificities of the European Spanish, in order to control possible effects of psycholinguistic factors, such as word length or lexical frequency, and technical aspects such as stimuli presentation speed and sound quality were also tuned. An exploratory sample of 81 children from 7- to 9-year-old was assessed to confirm that the adaptation is suitable for further use, besides, their scores were contrasted with the Argentinean children. The data showed proper validity and reliability scores, which characterize this version as a useful instrument for research purposes, and its usage in further studies should be encourage to gather normative data for Spaniards.En el presente estudio se presenta la adaptación al idioma Es-pañol Europeo de la Evaluación Automatizada de la Memoria Operativa, habiéndose tenido en cuenta la necesidad de calibración para cuestiones de acento y lingüística que no son compatibles con la versión disponible. Con este propósito, el material verbal fue seleccionado cuidadosa y apropiada-mente, teniendo en cuenta las especificidades del Español Europeo y con el fin de controlar los posibles efectos de los factores psicolingüísticos, tales como la longitud de las palabras o la frecuencia léxica, y aspectos técnicos, como la velocidad de presentación de los estímulos y la calidad de sonido también fueron controlados. Una muestra exploratoria de 81 niños de 7 a 9 años de edad se evaluó para confirmar que la adaptación es adecuada para su empleo posterior. Además las puntuaciones obtenidas se contrastaron con las de niños argentinos. Los datos mostraron una validez adecuada y una puntuación fiable, lo que permite considerar a esta versión como un instrumento útil para fines de investigación, y su empleo en futuros estu-dios debería incentivar la recopilación de datos normativos para españoles.This research was supported mainly by two grants from the Fundacion Seneca, Murcia Regional Government Agency for Science and Technology (visiting research grant 2010 to Flavia Heloisa Dos Santos and research grant 19463/PI/14), and by a grant from the Spanish Minister of Science and Innovation (research grant PSI2008-03481/PSIC)

Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Urban Acoustic Environments with Binaural Psycho-Acoustical Considerations for IoT-based Applications

Sound pleasantness or annoyance perceived in urban soundscapes is a major concern in environmental acoustics. Binaural psychoacoustic parameters are helpful to describe generic acoustic environments, as it is stated within the ISO 12913 framework. In this paper, the application of a Wireless Acoustic Sensor Network (WASN) to evaluate the spatial distribution and the evolution of urban acoustic environments is described. Two experiments are presented using an indoor and an outdoor deployment of a WASN with several nodes using an Internet of Things (IoT) environment to collect audio data and calculate meaningful parameters such as the sound pressure level, binaural loudness and binaural sharpness. A chunk of audio is recorded in each node periodically with a microphone array and the binaural rendering is conducted by exploiting the estimated directional characteristics of the incoming sound by means of DOA estimation. Each node computes the parameters in a different location and sends the values to a cloud-based broker structure that allows spatial statistical analysis through Kriging techniques. A cross-validation analysis is also performed to confirm the usefulness of the proposed system.Ingeniería, Industria y Construcció

Acousto-optic interaction in biconical tapered fibers: shaping of the stopbands

The effect of a gradual reduction of the fiber diameter on the acousto-optic (AO) interaction is reported. The experimental and theoretical study of the intermodal coupling induced by a flexural acoustic wave in a biconical tapered fiber shows that it is possible to shape the transmission spectrum, for example, substantially broadening the bandwidth of the resonant couplings. The geometry of the taper transitions can be regarded as an extra degree of freedom to design the AO devices. Optical bandwidths above 45 nm are reported in a tapered fiber with a gradual reduction of the fiber down to 70 μm diameter. The effect of including long taper transition is also reported in a double-tapered structure. A flat attenuation response is reported with 3-dB stopband bandwidth of 34 nm

Direct observation of the chemical transformations in BiVO4 photoanodes upon prolonged light-aging treatments

Altres ajuts: ICN2 is funded by the CERCA Programme/Generalitat de Catalunya.Exposing BiVO photoanodes to light-aging treatments is known to produce a significant photocurrent enhancement. Until now, the interpretation given to this phenomenon is associated to the formation of oxygen vacancies and little is reported about chemical changes in the material. Herein, the chemical segregation of Bi species toward the surface upon light-aging treatment is demonstrated, which takes place with the concomitant formation of intra-bandgap states associated to the oxygen vacancies. It is further demonstrated that these intra-bandgap states are photoactive and generate photocurrent under infrared excitation. These results highlight the importance of understanding light-induced effects while employing multinary metal oxide photoelectrodes

Magnetic phase diagram of nanostructured zinc ferrite as a function of inversion degree delta

Magnetic properties of spinel zinc ferrites are strongly linked to the synthesis method and the processing route since they control the microstructure of the resulting material. In this work, ZnFe_2O_4 nanoparticles were synthesized by the mechanochemical reaction of stoichiometric ZnO and alpha-Fe2O3, and single-phase ZnFe_2O_4 was obtained after 150 h of milling. The as-milled samples, with a high inversion degree, were subjected to different thermal annealings up to 600 ºC to control the inversion degree and, consequently, the magnetic properties. The as-milled samples, with a crystallite size of 11 nm and inversion degree delta = 0.57, showed ferrimagnetic behavior even above room temperature, as shown by Rietveld refinements of the X-ray diffraction pattern and superconducting quantum interference device magnetometry. The successive thermal treatments at 300, 400, 500, and 600 degrees C decrease delta from 0.15 to 0.18, affecting the magnetic properties. A magnetic phase diagram as a function of delta can be inferred from the results: for delta 0.5, a new antiferromagnetic order appeared due to the overpopulation of nonmagnetic Zn on octahedral sites that leads to equally distributed magnetic cations in octahedral and tetrahedral sites

Distortion of the QRS in elderly patients with myocardial infarction

Background: Distortion of the terminal portion of the QRS in the initial electrocardiogram (ECG) is a strong predictor of adverse outcome in myocardial infarction. Our purpose is to assess the relationship of distortion of QRS and other ECG characteristics with older age. Methods and results: We analysed 634 consecutive patients (age 62.6 &#177; 13.7, 77% male) admitted in the first 12 hours of ST-elevation myocardial infarction. Two groups of age were defined: < 75 years-old and &#8805; 75 years-old. Additionally, we defined two ECG groups according to the presence of ST segment elevation with distortion of the terminal portion of the QRS in two or more adjacent leads (QRS+) or the absence of this pattern (QRS&#8211;). Older people had more often QRS+ (30% vs. 20%, p = 0.023). The older group with QRS+ had an in-hospital mortality of 18%, vs. 7% with QRS&#8211; (p = 0.04), and an incidence of major adverse events of 40% vs. 14% (p = 0.002). In the multivariate analysis, age &#8805; 75 years was an independent predictor of distortion of the QRS (odds ratio 2.1, 1.2&#8211;4.9, p = 0.016). Conclusions: The distortion of the terminal portion of the QRS in myocardial infarction is more frequent in elderly people, and is significantly related to adverse prognosis. This ECG finding can be helpful to promptly stratify the risk in elderly patient

EL APRENDIZAJE INCREMENTADO PROTEGE A LA MEMORIA CONTRA TRATAMIENTOS AMNÉSICOS

Se hace una descripción somera de las técnicas clásicas utilizadas en el estudiode la neurobiología de la memoria, y de los resultados experimentalesque dieron base a la teoría de la consolidación de la memoria. Asimismo,se describen los experimentos que han dado lugar a una reinterpretaciónde dicha teoría, aplicable a la formación de la memoria de altos niveles deaprendizaje. Los datos derivados de estudios neurobiológicos en los que sehan utilizado diseños que implican aprendizajes mediados por niveles relativamente bajos de reforzamiento o de número de ensayos o de sesionesde entrenamiento, así como los derivados de situaciones de aprendizaje incrementadopueden se explicados en forma sencilla por dos modelos quehemos propuesto: la del procesamiento en serie y la del procesamiento enparalelo, que se discuten en el texto

Mejoramiento del parque Juan Aldama - Autoconstrucción de techo verde de bambú en vivienda social, Puerto Vallarta, Jalisco

El proyecto Regeneración socioambiental del río Pitillal en Puerto Vallarta, ha sido desarrollado por los equipos del PAP desde la primavera de 2021 y contempla una metodología que combina la producción social del hábitat (Ortiz. E, 2012) con la autoconstrucción con materiales locales (Comunal, 2019). Se han desarrollado investigaciones para generar diagnósticos, posteriormente se han desarrollados propuestas técnicas que se han validado con los habitantes de la zona. Se busca actualmente pasar a la etapa de la acción participativa, buscando motivar el involucramiento de los actores locales y beneficiarios de las zonas en las que se da el acompañamiento. Se presenta aquí el reporte del proceso de la realización de dos líneas de investigación que dan continuidad a procesos que se originaron en semestres anteriores del PAP en el escenario de Puerto Vallarta:AUTOCONSTRUCCIÓN DE CUBIERTA DE BAMBÚ Y FORESTACIÓN EN PARQUE JUAN ALDAMA y AUTOCONSTRUCCIÓN DE CUBIERTA DE BAMBÚ Y FORESTACIÓN EN AZOTEA DE VIVIENDA EN VALLARTA VILLAS.ITESO, A.C